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Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: http://hdl.handle.net/11129/1377

Title: Environmental radiation in high exposure building materials
Authors: Abbasi, Akbar
Keywords: Physics
Radiation - Radioactivity
Building materials - Health aspects
Radioactivity, Internal Hazard, Radiation Dose, Radon Exhalation, Passive Method, Active Method
Issue Date: Jul-2013
Publisher: Eastern Mediterranean University (EMU) - Doğu Akdeniz Üniversitesi (DAÜ)
Citation: Abbasi, Akbar. (2013). Environmental radiation in high exposure building materials. Thesis (Ph.D.), Eastern Mediterranean University, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Dept. of Physics, Famagusta: North Cyprus.
Abstract: ABSTRACT: In this thesis, we investigated the specific radioactivity concentrations of Ra, Th and K in different types of commonly used granite stone samples collected from the Tehran city of Iran by means of a high-resolution HPGe gamma-spectroscopy system. The result of Th, Ra and K are ranged from 18 to 178, 6 to 160 and 556 to1539 Bq kg- , respectively. The radium equivalent activities ( ) are lower than the limit of 370 Bq kg- set by NEA (Nuclear Energy Agency, OECD 1979) except in two samples. The internal hazard indexes have been found well below the acceptable limit in most of the samples. Five samples of investigated commercial granite stones do not satisfy the safety criterion illustrated by UNSCEAR (United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation, 1993). Applying dose criteria recently recommended by the EC [European Commission (1999)] for superficial materials, all investigated samples meet the exemption dose limit of 0.3 mSv y- . Also in this thesis, health hazards from gamma radiation doses due to granite and radon concentration have been calculated. The dose rate of exposure from granite building materials on humans is obtained as a result of an external exposure from gamma-emitting radionuclides in the granites. Another mode of exposure is from the inhalation of the decay products of Rn and Rn. The radon exhalation rates have also been studied and values were in the range of 0.32±0.01 to 7.86±1.65 Bq m- h- . For two models of standard living rooms (5.0 m×4.0 m area; 2.8 m), the radon concentration ( and the absorbed dose ( ) rates were calculated and the results were found to be 10.64–29.32 Bq m- , 3.84–68.02 nGy h- and 0.02–0.33 mSv y- for Model 1, 10.07–15.38 Bq m- and 2.29–39.99 nGy h- for Model 2, respectively. According to our estimations, mechanical ventilation systems ( ) in a room all granite samples would produce radon concentration of <100 Bq m- . Finally, radon exhalation rates and radon concentrations in selected granite stones were measured by means of a gamma-spectroscopy system (passive method) and an AlphaGUARD (active method). The radon exhalation rates measured by the passive and active methods were compared and the results of this study were similar, with the active method being 22 % higher than the passive method. Keywords: Radioactivity, Internal Hazard, Radiation Dose, Radon Exhalation, Passive Method, Active Method. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ÖZ: Bu tezde yüksek çözünürlüklü HPGe gama spektroskopi sistemi kullanarak Tahran/IRAN daki farkli tür granit taşlarının Ra, Th ve K kaynaklı radyoaktivite yoğunlukları incelenmiştir. Sırası ile; Th, Ra ve K için 18 - , 6 – 160 ve 556 – Bq/kg sonuçlari elde edilmiştir. İki örnek dışında (1979) OECD Nükleer Enerji Ajansının Koyduğu sınır değer olan 370 Bq/kg altinda değerler bulunmuştur. Pekçok örnekde tehlike (risk) indisleri kabul edilir limitlerde elde edilmiştir. İncelenen ticari granit taşlarından 5 örnek, UNSCLEAR (1993, Atomik Radyasyonun etkileri üzerine Birleşmiş Milletler Bilimsel Komitesi) in koyduğu güvenlik şartlarını sağlamaktadır. yılında Avrupa Komisyonunun önerdiği ölҫek kuralları ışığında yüzeysel maddeler incelenmiş ve . mSv/yıl sınır değeri aşılmamıştır. Granitteki gama ışınlarından ve radon yoğunluklarından oluşan sağlık riskleri de hesaplanmıştır. Granit yapı materyallerinin insana ışınlanma doz hızı, granitteki gama ışını yayan radyonukleitlerin diş işinlamasi sorunu oluşmaktadir. Diger bir maruz kalma ise Rn ve Ra nin bozunma ürünlerinin solunumla alınmasıdır. Radon yayma oranları . ± . – 7.86±1.15 Bq/m .sa bulunmuştur. 5×4 (alan m )× 2.8 m’li standart odasında iki model için radon yoğunluğu (Ci) ve sogurulan doz (D) hesap edilmiştir. Hesaplanmış sonuҫlar Model `in: 10.64 -29.32 Bq/m , 3.84 – 68.02 nGy/sa ve 0.02 – 0.33 mSv/yıl. Model 2`in: 10.07 – 15.38 Bq/m , ve 2.29 – 39.99 nGy/sa bulunmuştur. Öngörümüze göre, mekanik havalandırma sistemli ( ) odada granit örneklerinin ürettiği radon yoğunluğu Bq/m altındadır. Sonuҫ olarak, seҫilmiş granit taşların radon ҫıkış oranı ve yoğunlukları gama Spektroskopi sistemi ile (pasif yöntem) ve AlphaGUARD (aktif yöntem) ile ölҫülmüştür. Bu iki yöntemde sonuçlar kıyaslanmış olup benzer sonuҫlar yanında aktif yöntemde % daha yüksek veriler tesbit edilmiştir. Anahtar kelimeler: Radyoaktivite, Konutlardaki Tehlike, Işınım Dozları, Radon Ҫıkışı, Pasif ve Aktif Yöntemler.
Description: Doctor of Philosophy in Physics. Thesis (Ph.D.)--Eastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Dept. of Physics, 2013. Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Mustafa Halilsoy.
URI: http://hdl.handle.net/11129/1377
Appears in Collections:Theses (Master's and Ph.D) – Mathematics

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