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Title: | Determinants of Capital Adequacy Ratio and its Relationship with Risks in Islamic Banks- Case of QISMUT, Kuwait and Bahrain |
Authors: | Bektaş, Eralp Kalifa, Wagdi M. S. Eastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Business and Economics, Dept. of Banking and Finance |
Keywords: | Banking and Finance Banks and Banking Banks and banking--Islamic countries Islamic Banking Islamic banks capital adequacy ratio bank-specific factors macroeconomic factors dynamic panel data financial crisis |
Issue Date: | 2018 |
Publisher: | Eastern Mediterranean University (EMU) - Doğu Akdeniz Üniversitesi (DAÜ) |
Citation: | Kalifa, Wagdi M. S.. (2018). Determinants of Capital Adequacy Ratio and its Relationship with Risks in Islamic Banks- Case of QISMUT, Kuwait and Bahrain. Thesis (Ph.D.), Eastern Mediterranean University, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Dept. of Banking and Finance, Famagusta: North Cyprus. |
Abstract: | The study empirically investigates the relationship between the capital adequacy
ratio (CAR) and different bank-specific instruments including risk and
macroeconomic factors for the selected twenty-eight (28) Islamic banks which are
active in Indonesia, Saudi Arabia, Malaysia, United Arab Emirates (UAE), Turkey,
Kuwait, and Bahrain. Annual data from 2005 to 2014 is used. This study is the first
of its kind to investigate if the CAR in Islamic banks is affected by these such factors
mentioned above. The bank-specific control variables in this study are return on
assets (ROA), return on equity (ROE), leverage, size, liquidity risk, and credit risk,
while the macroeconomic control variables are market capitalization and stocks
traded, exchange rate, gross domestic product (GDP), and inflation. In addition, we
capture the impacts of the global financial crisis on Islamic banks. Firstly, we employ
three methods which are fixed effects, random effects, and ordinary least squares.
Then, we employ the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) dynamic panel data
estimator. We find that there are high and statistically significant relationships
between the CAR and the bank-specific factors such as ROA, ROE, size, leverage,
and credit risk; hence, increases in ROA, leverage, and credit risk of the Islamic
banks will lead to increases in the CAR, whereas increases in ROE and size would
lead to decline in the CAR. The liquidity risk has an insignificant positive
relationship with the capital adequacy ratio. Furthermore, inflation, market
capitalization, and exchange rate exert high and statistically significant effects on the
CAR, which evidences that higher inflation would result in lower CAR, while an
increase in market capitalization and exchange rate would positively contribute to the
level of the CAR. On the other hand, GDP is negatively related with capital
adequacy ratio while stocks traded are positively related; however, both relationships
are insignificant.
Finally, we run another model where “equity to assets” ratio is dependent variable
with similar control variables; results reveal that, except for inflation and GDP, all
the variables exert significant effects on the CAR and on the “equity to assets” ratio.
In addition, we captured the effects of the global financial crisis (GFC) on Islamic
banks and found that Islamic banks are affected by the GFC at high levels.
Keywords: Islamic banks, capital adequacy ratio, bank-specific factors,
macroeconomic factors, dynamic panel data, financial crisis ÖZ:
Bu çalıĢma, Endonezya, Suudi Arabistan, Malezya, BirleĢik Arap Emirlikleri,
Türkiye, Kuveyt ve Bahreyn‟de faaliyet göstermekte olan 28 Islam Bankası için
sermaye yeterlilik oranları (SYO) ile çeĢitli banka enstümanları ile makroeconomik
göstergeler arasındaki iliĢkiyi irdelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu sebeble, 2005 ve 2014
yılları arasını kapsayan yıllık veriler seçilmiĢtir. Bu vesile ile, bu çalıĢma ilgili alanda
(Islam Bankacılığı) yapılmıĢ ilk çalıĢma olacaktır. Bu çalıĢmada, bankalara ait
kontrol değiĢkenleri, varlık getiri oranı (VGO), sermaye getiri oranı (SGO), kaldıraç,
büyüklük, nakit riski, ve kredi riski Ģeklindedir. Diğer taraftan, makroekonomik
kontrol değiĢkenleri ise piyasa sermaye oranı, iĢlem gören hisse senedi miktarı, döviz
kurları, gayri safi yurtiçi hasıla (GSYIH), ve enflasyon Ģeklindedir. Ek olarak, global
krizlerin de Islam Bankaları üzerinde olan etkisi de bu çalıĢmada tespit edilmiĢtir. Ġlk
olarak, ekonometrik bağlamda 3 yöntem uygulanmıĢtır: sabit etki, serbest etki, ve en
küçük kareler yöntemi. Bunun ardından, ikinci olarak, GenelleĢtirilmiĢ Momentler
Yöntemi (GMM) panel very analizi olarak uygulanmıĢtır. Sonuçlar genel olarak,
SYO ve VGO, SGO, büyüklük, kaldıraç ile kredi riskleri arasında anlamlı iliĢkiler
olduğu yönündedir. ġöyle ki, yukarda bahsi geçen değiĢkenlerdeki bir artıĢ/azalıĢ,
SYO miktarlarında anlamlı artıĢ/azalıĢ değiĢimine (doğru orantılı iliĢki) sebebiyet
verecektir. Fakat, SGO ve büyüklük ile SYO arasında ters yönlü iliĢkiler tespit
edilmiĢtir. Bulgulara göre, likidite riskinin SYO üzerinde anlamlı bir etkiye sahip
olmadığı görülmüĢtür. Son olarak, enflasyon, piyasa sermaye oranı,ve döviz
kurlarının SYO üzerinde yüksek oranda anlamlı etkilerinin olduğu tespit edilmiĢtir.
ġöyle ki, enflasyon oranında bir artıĢ, daha küçük oranda SYO‟ya sebebiyet
verecektir. Diğer taraftan ise, daha yüksek piyasa sermayesi ile daha yüksek döviz
kurları, daha yüksek SYO miktarlarına sebebiyet verecektir. Fakat, GSYIH ile iĢlem
gören hisse senedi hacmi, SYO ile anlamsız bir etkileĢim içerisindedir.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Islam Bankaları, Sermaye Yeterlilik Oranı, Bankalara ait
Faktörler, makroekonomik faktörler, dynamic panel veri, finansal kriz |
Description: | Doctor of Philosophy in Finance. Thesis (Ph.D.)--Eastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Business and Economics, Dept. of Banking and Finance, 2018. Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Eralp Bektaş. |
URI: | http://hdl.handle.net/11129/4636 |
Appears in Collections: | Theses (Master's and Ph.D) – Business and Economics
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