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Title: | The Art of Making an International Nuclear Deal How the Internal and External Variables Constrained or Facilitated the International Negotiations: Case of Iran’s Nuclear Deal 2009-2015 |
Authors: | Kaymak, Erol Fayazi, Negar Eastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Business and Economics, Dept. of Political Science and International Relations |
Keywords: | Political Science and International Relations Nuclear nonproliferation--Iran Iran--Politics and government Middle East--Politics and government Nuclear nonproliferation--law of nations Iran--Politics and government--Foreign Relations Nuclear energy--International cooperation Iran--Foreign relations--United States Nuclear arms control--Iran Nuclear weapons--Iran Iran’s nuclear program Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action Two-Level game reverberation public opinion sanctions persuasion |
Issue Date: | Aug-2019 |
Publisher: | Eastern Mediterranean University (EMU) - Doğu Akdeniz Üniversitesi (DAÜ) |
Citation: | Fayazi, Negar. (2019). The Art of Making an International Nuclear Deal How the Internal and External Variables Constrained or Facilitated the International Negotiations: Case of Iran’s Nuclear Deal 2009-2015. Thesis (M.A.), Eastern Mediterranean University, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Dept. of International Relations, Famagusta: North Cyprus. |
Abstract: | From the starting point of Iran’s nuclear crisis in 2003 through 2005, the negotiations
with Iran took place with France, Germany, and the United Kingdom (EU3) and
starting from 2006, with the P5+1. The conflict was not resolved as a result of these
negotiations. After President Obama took office in 2009, he initiated the strategy of
engagement offering Iran the negotiations without preconditions. The result of these
negotiations was the “Geneva Agreement”. However, the Iranians political and social
massive backlash against the agreement prevented its ratification. The second round
of negotiations led by Brazil and Turkey in 2010 produced the “Tehran Declaration”.
However, this was a failure as well because it was rejected by the United States.
Thereafter Obama continued imposing tough sanctions against Iran while Iran was
continuing its nuclear program. After the election of President Rouhani in 2013, a
new round of negotiations started. Eventually, in July 2015 the nuclear agreement
between Iran and the P5+1, known as JCPOA put an end to approximately 12 years
of tensions between the parties and an international crisis that literally was on the
verge of war. This research aims to investigate the internal and external factors that
constrained or facilitated the international negotiations regarding Iran’s nuclear issue.
This study ascertains that domestic politics and public opinion can function as means
of constraining or facilitating international agreements. Moreover, the study strives
to clarify the impact of the external influential mechanisms, namely sanctions and
persuasion, on reaching an international agreement with respect to Iran’s nuclear
program.
Keywords: Iran’s nuclear program, Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action, Two-Level
game, reverberation, public opinion, sanctions, persuasion ÖZ:
2003’ten 2005’e kadar olan İran nükleer krizinin başından itibaren Fransa, Almanya
ve Ingiltere (AB3) ile katılımıyla müzakereler yapıldı ve 2006’dan başlayarak P5 + 1
ile gerçekleşti. Bu müzakerelerin sonucu olarak çatışma çözülmedi. Başkan Obama
2009 yılında göreve başladıktan sonra, İran müzakerelerini ön şartsız bir şekilde
angajman stratejisi vurgusuyla başlattı. Bu görüşmelerin sonucu Cenevre Anlaşması
meydana geldi. Bununla birlikte, İran’ın anlaşmaya olan yaygın siyasi ve sosyal
tepkisi, anlaşmanın onaylanmasını engelledi. 2010'da Brezilya ve Türkiye tarafından
yürütülen ikinci müzakere turunda Tahran Deklarasyonu hayat buldu. Ancak, bu aynı
zamanda bir başarısızlıktı, çünkü ABD tarafından bu deklarasyon reddedildi. Bundan
sonra, İran nükleer programını sürdürürken, Obama İran'a sert yaptırımlar
uygulamaya devam etti. Cumhurbaşkanı Rohani’nin 2013 yılında seçilmesinden
sonra, yeni bir müzakere turu başladı. Son olarak, Temmuz 2015'te İran ile JCPOA
olarak bilinen P5+1 arasındaki nükleer anlaşma, taraflar arasında kelimenin tam
anlamıyla savaşın eşiğindeki uluslararası bir kriz 12 yıllık bir gerilime son verdi. Bu
çalışmanın amacı, İran’ın nükleer programı konusuyla ilgili uluslararası müzakereleri
sınırlayan veya kolaylaştıran iç ve dış faktörleri incelemektir. Bu çalışma, iç politika
ve kamuoyunun uluslararası anlaşmaları sınırlandırmak veya kolaylaştırmak için bir
araç olarak hareket edebileceğini göstermektedir Ayrıca, bu çalışma, İran’ın nükleer
programı ile ilgili uluslararası bir anlaşmaya varılması için yaptırımlar ve ikna etme
gibi dış etki mekanizmalarının etkisini açıklığa kavuşturmaya çalışmaktadır.
Anahtar Kelimeler: İran’ın nükleer programı, Obama, Ortak Kapsamlı Eylem Planı,
İki Seviyeli oyun, yankılanma, kamuoyu, yaptırımlar, ikna |
Description: | Master of Arts in International Relations. Institute of Graduate Studies and Research. Thesis (M.A.) - Eastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Business and Economics, Dept. of Political Science and International Relations, 2019. Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Erol Kaymak. |
URI: | http://hdl.handle.net/11129/5741 |
Appears in Collections: | Theses (Master's and Ph.D) – Business and Economics
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