2024-03-28T14:55:15Zhttp://i-rep.emu.edu.tr:8080/oai/request
oai:i-rep.emu.edu.tr:11129/1122012-12-25T14:20:19Zhdl_11129_111Erarslan, Hande2012-12-01T11:50:46Z2009Erarslan, Hande. (2009). Covalent Chitosan Gels for Efficient Iron (III) Ion Adsorption. Thesis (M.S.), Eastern Mediterranean University, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Dept. of Chemistry, Famagusta: North Cyprus.http://hdl.handle.net/11129/112Master of Science in Chemistry. Thesis (M.S)--Eastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Dept. of Chemistry, 2009. Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Osman Yılmaz.Synthetic and natural polymers are suitable metal ion adsorbents for various purposes like wastewater or drinking water treatment, biomedical applications, and industrial applications like production of some household chemicals. Synthetic polymers have advantages like being durable under severe conditions but they are not suitable especially for biomedical applications since they usually lack biocompatibility. Furthermore almost all synthetic polymers are petrochemical derivatives. Chitin is the second most abundant natural polymer, which can be obtained from the shells of sea animals. These shells contain 30% of chitin; the rest being different proteins and minerals. Chitosan that can be obtained by N-deacetylation of chitin, is a copolymer of β-linked 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-α-D-glucose and 2-amino-2-deoxy-α-D-glucose residues. Chitosan is a natural aminopolysaccharide and it has complex formation and ion adsorption properties. It is also a biocompatible, biodegradable and mucoadhesive natural polymer and therefore has a great potential for biomedical applications.
In this study, N-phthaloylated chitosan was phosphorylated by a chemical reaction using sodium triphosphate (Na5P3O10) as the phosphorylating agent and urea as a catalyst. The stability of the product in aqueous medium was improved by applying chemical crosslinking using ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (EGDE) as the crosslinking agent. The product was then dephthaloylated to obtain an amine rich phosphorylated chitosan. All products obtained were characterized by FTIR spectrometry. Phosphorylated and EGDE – crosslinked chitosan was tested as an Fe3+ adsorbent in aqueous solution. The Fe3+ adsorption was followed by visible spectrometry at 505 nm. The EGDE – crosslinked phosphorylated chitosan product proved to be a successful Fe3+ adsorbent and was calculated to have an equilibrium adsorption capacity of 140 mg Fe3+/g adsorbent.enEastern Mediterranean University (EMU)ChemistryChitin - Chitosan - AdsorptionCovalent Chitosan Gels for Efficient Iron (III) Ion AdsorptionThesisDepartment of Chemistry08 Faculty of Arts and SciencesTheses (Master's and Ph.D) – Chemistry
oai:i-rep.emu.edu.tr:11129/2282012-12-26T07:49:18Zhdl_11129_111Oladipo, Akeem Adeyemi2012-12-14T08:53:48Z2011Oladipo, Akeem Adeyemi. (2011). Synthesis and Characterization of Modified Chitosan-based Novel Superabsorbent hydrogel: Swelling and Dye Adsorption behavior. Thesis (M.S.), Eastern Mediterranean University, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Dept. of Chemistry, Famagusta: North Cyprus.http://hdl.handle.net/11129/228Master of Science in Chemistry. Thesis (M.S)-- Eastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Dept. of Chemistry, 2011. Supervisor: Asist. Prof. Dr. Mustafa Gazi.ABSTRACT: Lately, a wide application of eco-friendly polysaccharide-based hydrogels in waste water treatment has received enormous attention in the literature. Particularly, the development of super swelling chitosan-based materials as versatile and useful adsorbent polymeric agent is an expanding area in the field of adsorption science today. The effluents containing dye materials from the processing industries are washed off into rivers and lakes which can be very harmful to creatures. Low-cost biopolymers and biodegradable adsorbents have been researched to be a good tool to minimize the environmental hazards caused by the industrial effluents by removal of these toxic and carcinogenic dyes from the waste effluents.
In this work, a novel superabsorbent hydrogel was synthesized using water-soluble glycidyl methacrylated N, O-(2, 3 dihydroxypropyl) chitosan (DHPC-GMA) and acrylamide (AAm) as reactants. A feasible synthesis was achieved due to the incorporation glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) into the structure of water soluble chitosan, N, O-(2, 3 dihydroxypropyl), (DHPC) to form the water soluble chitosan-methacrylated (DHPC-GMA), in a calculated mixture of water-DMSO as solvent and TEMED as catalyst. Thereafter, the DHPC-GMA was copolymerized in potassium persulfate aqueous solution with AAm yielding superabsorbent (DHPC-GMA-g-PAAm) hydrogel. The incorporation of GMA on DHPC molecules was confirmed by FTIR by the presence of a band at 1637cm-1 indicative of C=C stretching frequency and strong broad band in the region 1711-1641 cm-1 in DHPC-GMA-g-PAAm hydrogel spectrum attributed to the overlap of the C=O stretching bands of esters of DHPC-GMA, primary amides and N-H deformation of primary amide from AAm indicating copolymerization of DHPC-GMA with AAm. The maximum grafting percentages (%G) and grafting efficiency (%E) for hydrogel sample B, C and D with varying monomer (AAm) concentration are %G; 150, 304, 995 and %E; 49.8, 60.8, 99.5 respectively. The synthesized hydrogel shows super swelling ability with swelling percentage of about 1900% and the swelling kinetic fits well with second-order- kinetic model. A batch system was applied to study the adsorption behavior of Reactive blue 2 (RB2), Erichrome Black T (EBT) and mixture of both dyes in aqueous solution by the DHPC-GMA-g-AAm hydrogel. The adsorption capacities were 38.02mg/g EBT and 32.73mg/g RB2 for sample D with highest grafting percentage and 12.79mg/g EBT and 58.14mg/g RB2 for sample B with the lowest grafting percentage. The adsorption of both single and mixture of dyes onto the hydrogel fit with the second-order kinetic model and the kinetic data is in good agreement with the experimental data having high correlation coefficients (R2 = 0.999). The competitive adsorption favored the dye EBT in the mixture solution and the percentage removal of EBT reaches 63.4% at 48 hr contact time which is larger than 36.5% of RB2 in same solution.
Keywords: Superabsorbent hydrogel, characterization, erichrome black T, reactive blue 2, competitive dye adsorption, water-soluble chitosan.
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ÖZ: Son zamanlarda, doğa dostu polisakkarit bazlı hidrojellerin biyomedikal alanlarda ve atık su iyleşmelerindeki geniş uygulamaları literatürde büyük önem görmektedir. Özellikle, çok yönlü ve kullanışlı absorban polimerik ajan olarak, süper şişen kitosan bazlı malzemelerin geliştirilmesi, bugünkü adsorpsiyon bilim alanında gelişen bir alandır. Endüstriyel proseslerden çıkan boya içerikli malzeme atıkların nehir ve göllere atılımı calılar için oldukca zararlıdır. Endüstriyel atıkların sebep olduğu bu toksik ve kanserojenik boyaların giderimi için düşük maliyetli biyopolimerler ve biyoparçalanabilir adsorbentler iyi birer araçtırlar. Bu çalışmada, kimyasal olarak modifiye edilmiş, suda çözülebilen glisidil metakrilatlanmış N, O-(2, 3 dihydroksipropil) kitosan (DHPC-GMA) ile akrilamid (AAm) reaktifleri kullanılarak, yeni bir süperabsorbent hidrojel sentezlenmiştir. Su-DMSO karışımı ve TEMED katalizörü varlığında glisidil metakrilatın (GMA), suda çözülebilen N, O-(2, 3 dihydroksipropil) kitosan (DHPC) ile birleşimi ile suda çözülebilen metakrilatlanmış kitosan (DHPC-GMA) formunun sentezi başarılmıştır. Daha sona, potasiyum persülfat çözeltisinde DHPC-GMA ile AAm kopolimerleştilerek süperabsorban (DHPC-GMA-g-PAAm) hidrojel ürünü elde edildi. DHPC molekülüne GMA’nın eklenmesi FTIR spektroskopideki 1637cm-1 deki bandın varlığı C=C gerilme frekansını göstermesiyle onaylanırken, DHPC-GMA-g-PAAm hidrojel spektrumunda 1711-1641 cm-1 bölgesindeki geniş güçlü bandın DHPC-GMA’nın ester grubunun C=O gerilme bandı, birincil amid ve AAm’in birincil amidinin N-H deformasyonu ile örtüşmesi DHPC-GMA ile AAm kopolimerizasyonu göstermektedir. Çeşitli monomer (AAm) konsantrasyonlu B,C ve D hidrojel örneklerinin, maksimum aşılanma yüzde (%G) ve aşılanma etkinlikleri (%E) sırası ile %G; 150, 304, 995 ve %E; 49.8, 60.8, 99.5’dir. Sentezlenmiş hidrojeller yaklaşık 1900 % şişme yüzdeli süper absorpsiyon yeteneği göstermekte ve kinetik şişmesi ikinci dereceden kinetik modelle örtüşmektedir. Reaktif mavi 2 (RB2), Erikrom siyah T (EBT) ve her ikisinin karışımının sulu çözeltilerinin DHPC-GMA-g-PAAm hidrojelleri tarafından adsorpsiyon davranış çalışmaları için batch sistemi uygulanmıştır. Yüksek aşılanma yüzdesine sahip D örneğinin adsorpsiyon kapasitesi EBT için 38.02mg/g ve RB2 için 32.73mg/g iken düşük aşılanma yüzdesine sahip D örneğinin adsorpsiyon kapasitesi EBT için 12.79mg/g ve RB2 için 58.14mg/g olarak belirlenmiştir. Hidrojeller üzerinde her iki boyanın tek başlarına ve karışım olarak adsorpsiyonu ikinci dereceden kinetik modele uymakta ve kinetik veriler deneysel verilerle yüksek korelasyon katsayıyla (R2 = 0.999) örtüşmektedir. Rekabetçi adsorpsiyonda, karışım çözeltisindeki EBT boyası tercih edilmekte ve 48saatlik etkileşim süresinde yüzde giderim %63.4 EBT, % 36.5 RB2 olmaktadır.
Anahtar kelimeler: Süperabsorban h idrojel; karakterizasyon; erikrom siyah T; reaktif mavi 2; suda-çözülür kitosan; rekabetçi boya adsorpsiyonu.enEastern Mediterranean University (EMU)ChemistrySuperabsorbent Hydrogel - Characterization - Erichrome Black TReactive Blue 2 - Competitive Dye Adsorption - Water-Soluble ChitosanSynthesis and Characterization of Modified Chitosan-based Novel Superabsorbent hydrogel: Swelling and Dye Adsorption behaviorThesisDepartment of Chemistry08 Faculty of Arts and SciencesTheses (Master's and Ph.D) – Chemistry
oai:i-rep.emu.edu.tr:11129/2602013-01-04T00:00:36Zhdl_11129_111Aşır, Süleyman2013-01-03T11:42:22Z2009Asir, Suleyman. (2009). The Synthesis of Chiral Perylene and Naphthalene Diimides. Thesis (Ph.D.), Eastern Mediterranean University, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Dept. of Chemistry, Famagusta: North Cyprus.http://hdl.handle.net/11129/260Doctor of Philosophy in Chemistry. Thesis (Ph.D.)--Eastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Dept. of Chemistry, 2009. Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Huriye İcil.ABSTRACT: In this thesis a new naphthalene monoimide, one chiral naphthalene diimide and two chiral perylene diimides have been successfully synthesized. The synthesized products were characterized through the data from NMR, IR, MS, UV-vis, DSC, TGA, elemental analysis, cyclic voltammetry, square-wave voltammetry and circular dichroism (CD). Naphthalene monoimide exhibits an intramolecular charge transfer complexation in its absorption spectrum in polar solvents. Excimer-like emissions were obtained in nonpolar, polar protic and aprotic solvents for naphthalene monoimide and diimide. The specific optical rotation values of unsymmetrical chiral naphthalene and perylene diimides were measured as -221.6, -24 and +200, respectively at 20 °C. All of the synthesized compounds showed high thermal and electrochemical stability. Chiral naphthalene diimide showed prominent negative Cotton effects centred at 362 and 382 nm in CH3CN. The results could lead to further development of sterically and stereochemically controlled conductive unsymmetrical diimides which could guide to design important optoelectronic devices.
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ÖZET: Bu tezde yeni bir naftalen monoimid, kiral bir naftalen diimid ve iki kiral perilen diimid basarılı bir sekilde sentezlenmistir. Sentezlenmis olan maddeler NMR, IR, MS, UV-vis, DSC, TGA, elementel analiz, dönüsümlü voltametri, kare-dalga voltametri ve dairesel dikroizm (CD) yöntemleri ile karakterize edilmistir. Naftalin monoimidin polar çözgenlerdeki UV ve görünür alan absorbsiyon spektrumunda molekül içi yük transfer komplekslesmesi görülmektedir. Naftalin monoimid ve diimid molekülleri için apolar, polar protik ve aprotik çözgenlerde ekzimer-benzeri emisyon gözlemlenmektedir. Asimetrik kiral naftalin ve perilen diimidlerin 20 °C’deki spesifik çevirme açıları sırası ile -221.6, -24 ve +200 olarak ölçülmüstür. Sentezlenen tüm bilesikler yüksek termal ve elektrokimyasal kararlılık göstermektedir. Kiral naftalin diimid asetonitril çözgeninde 362 ve 382 nm dalgaboylarında belirgin olarak negatif Cotton etkisi göstermektedir. Elde edilen sonuçlar önemli optoelektronik cihazların gelistirilmesinde sterik ve
stereokimyasal kontrollü asimetrik diimidlerin gelistirilebilmesi için umut vaat etmektedir.enEastern Mediterranean University (EMU)ChemistryNapthalene - SynthesisChemistry, OrganicThe Synthesis of Chiral Perylene and Naphthalene DiimidesThesisDepartment of Chemistry08 Faculty of Arts and SciencesTheses (Master's and Ph.D) – Chemistry
oai:i-rep.emu.edu.tr:11129/5872013-02-21T00:00:56Zhdl_11129_111Bodapati, Jagadeesh Babu2013-02-20T07:14:37Z2011Bodapati, Jagadeesh Babu. (2011). Novel Donor-Acceptor Polymers for Solar Cells. Thesis (Ph.D.), Eastern Mediterranean University, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Dept. of Chemistry, Famagusta: North Cyprus.http://hdl.handle.net/11129/587Doctor of Philosophy in Chemistry. Thesis (Ph.D)--Eastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Arts and Science, Dept. of Chemistry, 2011. Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Huriye İcil.ABSTRACT: The process of photo conversion in most opto-electronic devices includes transfer of
absorbed solar energy to convert it into either chemical or electrical energy. Perylene and naphthalene dyes are characteristic n-type conjugated organic materials and are very attractive with great potential applications in the photonic field as they possess high stabilities, absorption capacities, and light emitting properties. The focus of this work is the synthesis, structure, photophysical, and electrochemical properties of oligomer dyes based on perylene and naphthalene chromophores, named, perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic acid-Bis-(N,N_-Bis 2-[2-(2-{2-[2-(2- hydroxy-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-ethoxy}-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-ethylpolyimide (EOPPI), naphthalene-1,4,5,8-tetracarboxylic acid-Bis-(N,N_-Bis 2-[2-(2-{2-[2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)- ethoxy]-ethoxy}-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-ethylpolyimide (EONPI). Additionally, two previously synthesized n-type materials based on the same chromophores were considered to explore the electrochemical properties concerning photovoltaic devices. The compounds are characterized in detail by studying their optical, photophysical, thermal and electrochemical properties using the techniques IR, GPC, UV-vis, Fluorescence, DSC, TGA and Cyclic, squarewave voltammetries. Both oligomeric dyes exhibited attractive color tunability with different lightemitting properties. They possessed outstanding solubilities, molar absorption coefficients, thermal stabilities and electrochemical stabilities and reversibilities. The strong solvent dependent photophysical and electrochemical properties of EONPI,
including the large shift of excimer emission maximum, makes the oligomer potential candidate for various photo sensing applications.
Keywords: Perylene, naphthalene, solar cell, photovoltaic, color tunability.
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ÖZ: Birçok opto elektronik aygıtlarda foton dönüsümü süreci, absorblanan solar enerjinin kimyasal veya elektriksel enerjiye dönüsümünü içermektedir. N tipi yarıiletken özellikler sergileyen perilen ve naftalen boyaları yüksek kararlılık, absorblama yetenegi ve ısın yayma özellikleri nedeniyle, fotonik alanda çok ilgi uyandıran konjüge organik materyallerdir. Tez kapsamında, perilen ve naftalen kromoforları esaslı iki oligomer, perilen- 3,4,9,10-tetrakarboksilik asid-bis-(N,N_-bis 2-[2-(2-{2-[2-(2-hidroksi-etoksi)-etoksi]- etoksi}-etoksi)-etoksi]-etilpoliimid (EOPPI) ve naftalen-1,4,5,8-tetrakarboksilik asidbis-( N,N_-bis 2-[2-(2-{2-[2-(2-hidroksi-etoksi)-etoksi]-etoksi}-etoksi)-etoksi]-
etilpoliimidin (EONPI) sentezine, yapılarına, fotofiziksel ve elektrokimyasal özelliklerine odaklanılmıstır. Ayrıca, Daha önce sentezlenmis olan benzer kromoforlar esaslı iki ayrı n-tipi materyalin elektokimyasal özellikleri fotovoltaik aygıtlarla ilgili olarak arastırılmıstır. Sentezlenen maddelerin optik, fotofiziksel, termal ve elektrokimyasal özellikleri IR, GPC, Uv-vis, emisyon, DSC, TGA ve CV ölçümleri ile detaylı arastırılarak tanımlanmıstır. Her iki oligomerik boya da degisik ısık yayma özelliginde olup ilgi çekici renk ayarlanılabilirlilik özelligi sergilemistir. Olaganüstü çözünürlük, molar absorblama sabitleri, termal kararlılık ve tersinir elektrokimyasal kararlılık özelliklerine sahiptirler. Kuvvetle çözgene baglı fotofiziksel ve elektrokimyasal özellikler ve maksimum ekzimer emisyonunda büyük kayma sergileyen EONPI oligomeri degisik foto duyarlı
uygulamalar için potansiyel bir adaydır.
Anahtar kelimeler: Perilen, naftalen, solar hücre, fotovoltaik, renk ayarlanabilirlilik.enEastern Mediterranean University (EMU)ChemistryPerylene - Naphthalene - Solar Cell - Photovoltaic - Color TunabilityNovel Donor-Acceptor Polymers for Solar CellsThesisDepartment of Chemistry08 Faculty of Arts and SciencesTheses (Master's and Ph.D) – Chemistry
oai:i-rep.emu.edu.tr:11129/6762013-08-15T23:00:41Zhdl_11129_111Norouzbahari, Maryam2013-08-15T09:49:37Z2011Norouzbahari, Maryam. (2011). Synthesis of a Novel Fluorescent Optical pH Sensor. Thesis (M.S.), Eastern Mediterranean University, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Dept. of Chemistry, Famagusta: North Cyprus.http://hdl.handle.net/11129/676Master of Science in Chemistry. Thesis (M.S)--Eastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Arts and Science, Dept. of Chemistry, 2011. Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Huriye İcil.ABSTRACT: In today’s high technological applications organic materials were widely employed in many sensing architectures. Plenty of ongoing research shows the importance and necessity of smart organic compounds with profound optical, photophysical, and electrochemical properties to apply in the industry. Perylene dyes are well known dyes with unique optical properties in conjunction with outstanding stabilities and are widely applied in many photonic applications. Benzopurpurin 4B is a purpurin derivative known as a textile dye has a pH sensing ability. The combination of these two interesting materials led to an excellent fluorescent optical pH sensor with great characteristics. Here in, we report the design, synthesis and characterization of a novel fluorescent optical pH sensing perylene derivative (Di-N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxy monoimide chrmophores containing benzopurpurin-4B) based on a perylene monoimide, N-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-3, 4, 9, 10-perylene tetracarboxylic-3, 4-anhydride-9, 10-imide (OH-PMI), and benzopurpurin 4B. The synthesized compound was well characterized by FTIR, Mass, Elemental, UV-vis, Emission, DSC, and TGA techniques. BP-OHPDI has shown interesting pH sensing property in addition to the high thermal stability. It has shown mostly two colors at day light; violet in acidic solutions (pH=1–3) and pink-violet in organic solvents with a gradual increase in pH (up to 9). On the other hand, in sulfuric acid (pH=0) the color of the solution is dark blue. Under UV light at 365 nm, except in acidic solutions the color was mostly fluorescent yellow and fluorescent greenish-yellow. Interestingly, in acidic solutions under 365 nm, the color was intense orange. On the other hand, in sulfuric acid intense red color was observed.
Keywords: Perylene, benzopurpurine 4B, pH sensor, plasma stain.
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ÖZ: Perilen boyaları eşsiz optik özelliklerinin yanında, olağanüstü kararlılıkları ile özellikle fotonik uygulamalarda oldukça yaygın olarak kullanılan boyar maddelerdir. Bir purpurin türevi olan ve tekstil boyası olarak bilinen Benzopurpurin 4B aynı zamanda pH algılama özelliğine de sahiptir. İlgi çekici olan bu iki boyar maddenin birleştirilmesi önemli karakteristik özelliklere sahip mükemmel bir fluoresans optik pH algılayıcı elde edilmesine neden olmuştur. Bu çalışmada, perilen monoimit, N-(4-Hidroksifenil)-3,4,9,10-perilentetrakarboksilik-3,4-anhidrit-9,10-imit (OH-PMI), ve benzopurpurin 4B kullanılarak tasarlanan yeni bir fluoresans optik pH algılayıcı perilen türevi (Di-N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxy monoimide chrmophores containing benzopurpurin-4B) sentezlenmiş ve karakterize edilmiştir. Sentezlenen bu madde FTIR, elementel analiz, UV-vis, emisyon, DSC ve TGA teknikleri ile tanımlanmıştır. BP-OH-PDI yüksek termal kararlılığının yanında ilgi çekici pH algılayıcı özellik göstermiştir. Özellikle gün ışığında iki renk vermektedir. Asidik çözgenlerde (pH=1–3) menekşe renk verirken organik çözücülerde aşamalı artırılan pH’lerde (pH=9’a kadar) pembe-menekşe renk vermektedir. Buna karşılık, sülfürik asitte (pH=0) çözeltinin rengi koyu mavidir. 365 nm UV ışığı altında asidik çözeltiler hariç fluoresans sarı ve fluoresans yeşil-sarı renk vermektedir. İlgi çekici olarak, 365 nm’de asidik çözeltilerdeki rengi yoğun turuncudur. Buna karşılık, sülfürik asitte yoğun kırmızı renk gözlemlenmiştir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Perilen, benzopurpurine 4B, pH algılayıcı, plazma renklendirici.enEastern Mediterranean University (EMU)ChemistryPerylene - Benzopurpurine 4B - pH Sensor - Plasma StainSynthesis of a Novel Fluorescent Optical pH SensorThesisDepartment of Chemistry08 Faculty of Arts and SciencesTheses (Master's and Ph.D) – Chemistry
oai:i-rep.emu.edu.tr:11129/12622014-06-16T23:00:40Zhdl_11129_111Aleshinloye, Abimbola Ololade2014-06-16T10:09:23Z2009-03Aleshinloye, Abimbola Ololade. (2009). Multichromophoric perylene bisimide dyes. Thesis (M.S.), Eastern Mediterranean University, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Dept. of Chemistry, Famagusta: North Cyprus.http://hdl.handle.net/11129/1262Master of Science in Chemistry. Thesis (M.S)--Eastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Arts and Science, Dept. of Chemistry, 2009. Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Huriye Icil.ABSTRACT:
Chromophores are responsible for the color of matter. The control of molecular interactions
in multichromophores lead to functional dyes with novel properties. Furthermore, tailormade
spectroscopic properties could be achieved, which are a prerequisite for applications that require dyes with absorption and emission in a specific region of the visible spectrum. With this special interest, we targeted to synthesize a multichromophoric macromolecule containing two different chromophores – a perylene and naphthalene. We have designed a molecular architecture of, and synthesized a novel multichromphoric macromolecule, N,N’-bis-{N-(3-[4-(3-amino-propyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-propyl)-N’-[1-dehdroabiety]-1,4,5,8-naphthalenetetracarboxydiimidly}-3,4,9,10 perylenebis(dicarboximide)bisimides (NPM) which was carried out in three consecutive
steps. Our focus was also to enlarge both the absorption and emission ranges of the macromolecule and to investigate consequent optical properties. The first step includes the synthesis of a perylene dye, N-N’-bis-{3-[4-(3-amino-propyl)- piperazin-1-yl]-propyl}-3,4,9,10-perylenebis(dicarboximide) (PDI) where as in the second step, a naphthalene monoimide, N-(1-dehydroabietyl)-1,4,5,8-naphthalenetetracarboxylic-1,8-anhydride-4,5-imide (NMI) was synthesized. Finally, the designed macromolecule dye (NPM) was synthesized by using the above synthesized compounds, PDI and NMI. All the synthesized compounds were characterized in detail by IR, MS, NMR, UV-vis, DSC and
TGA measurements. A much enlarged absorption (325 nm – 550 nm) and emission (375 nm – 700 nm) ranges were achieved by the synthesized macromolecule dye which was appreciably soluble in most of the commercial organic solvents. All the three synthesized compounds were photochemically and thermally stable and found no glass transition temperature in the DSC runs until 300 oC. The fluorescence quantum yields of the compounds were measured and PDI was reported high quantum yield among the three synthesized compounds. Several optical parameters were also calculated and reported.
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ÖZ:
Madelere rengini veren gruplar kromoforlardır. Çok kromoforlu yapılarda moleküler etkilesimlerin kontrolü, yaratılan özellikler ile fonksiyonel boyalarda yeni ufuklar açmaktadır. Bununla birlikte, görünür bölge absorpsiyon ve emisyon özelliklerinin önemli oldugu uygulamalarda özel olarak tasarlanmıs spektroskopik özellikler saglanabilmektedir. Bu çalısmada perilen ve naftalin kromoforlarını içeren çok kromoforlu bir makromolekül sentezlenmistir. Tez kapsamında yeni bir çok kromoforlu makromolekül olan N,N’-bis-{N-(3-[4-(3- amino-propil)-piperazin-1-yl]-propil)-N’-[1-dehidroabietil]-1,4,5,8- naftalintetrakarboksidiimid}-3,4,9,10 perilenbis(dikarboksiimid)bisimid (NPM) üç basamakta sentezlenmistir. Böylelikle sentezlenen makromolekülün absorpsiyon ve emisyon aralıgı genisletilmis ve optik özellikleri arastırılmıstır. _lk basamakda bir perilen diimid, N,N’-bis-{3-[4-(3-amino-propil)-piperazin-1-yl]- propil}-3,4,9,10-perilenbis(dikarboksiimid) (PDI), ikinci basamakta ise bir naftalin
monoimid, N-[1-dehidroabietil]-1,4,5,8-naftalintetrakarboksilik-1,8-anhidrid-4,5- imid (NMI) sentezlenmistir. Son basamakta ise sentezlenmis olan PDI ve NMI kullanılarak makromolekül boya (NPM) sentezlenmistir. Sentezlenen tüm bilesikler IR, MS, NMR, UV-vis, DSC ve TGA ölçümleri ile karakterize edilmislerdir. Sentezlenen makromolekül, birçok organik çözücüde çözünürlüge sahip olup genis absorpsiyon (325 nm – 550 nm) ve emisyon (375 nm – 700 nm) aralıkları saglanmıstır. Sentezlenmis olan üç bilesik de fotokimyasal ve termal kararlılıga sahip olup DSC ölçümlerinde 300 oC sıcaklıga kadar camsı geçis sıcaklıgı gözlemlenmemistir. Bilesiklerin floresans kuantum verimleri ölçülmüs ve PDI en yüksek floresans kuantum verimine sahip bilesik olarak bulunmustur. Diger optik özellikler de
hesaplanmıstır ve yorumlanmıstır.enEastern Mediterranean University (EMU)Dyes - ChemistryMultichromophoric perylene bisimide dyesThesisDepartment of Chemistry08 Faculty of Arts and SciencesTheses (Master's and Ph.D) – Chemistry
oai:i-rep.emu.edu.tr:11129/12752014-06-17T23:00:32Zhdl_11129_111Oylum, Hasan2014-06-17T11:20:44Z2013-01Oylum, Hasan. (2013). Preparation and characterization of poly (4- Vinyl Pyridine) grafted chitin beads. Thesis (Ph.D.), Eastern Mediterranean University, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Dept. of Chemistry, Famagusta: North Cyprus.http://hdl.handle.net/11129/1275Doctor of Philosophy in Chemistry. Thesis (Ph.D.)--Eastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Dept. of Chemistry, 2013. Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Elvan Yılmaz.ABSTRACT:
The subject of this thesis is the preparation and characterization of chitin gel beads by thermoreversible gelation, which followed by nonsolvent addition, and via chemical modification followed by non-solvent addition. Physical properties of the chitin gels obtained by nonsolvent addition and by heating to the gelation point followed by nonsolvent addition were investigated. The effects of the type and composition of the solvent system on the gelation time, gelation temperature, swelling ratio and the Young’s modulus were studied. Another aspect of this study was to exploit the gel formation capability of chitin to form modified gel beads based on the polymer. To fulfill this aim, a new combined approach was taken to carry out redox initiated grafting under homogeneous conditions followed by nonsolvent addition to prepare poly(4-vinyl pyridine) (P4VP) grafted chitin gel beads. Grafting percentages up to 226% were obtained. The grafted and nongrafted products were characterized by FTIR spectrophotometry, XRD and SEM analyses and by TGA. The swelling behaviour of the beads was studied in aqueous solution in neutral, acid and phosphate buffers. XRD analysis showed that the characterized product had a lower crystallinity when compared to the pure chitin. Thermal analysis carried out by TGA revealed that the products were less stable against thermal treatment than chitin. While chitin had a weight loss of 75 % at 500ºC the grafted product showed 90 % weight loss. The maximum decomposition temperature for chitin was 380ºC, but for the grafted products this value was as low as 305ºC. The DSC analysis of the chitin and the grafted chitin confirmed less heat stability of chitin-g-P4VP. The potential of the gel beads for wastewater treatment applications was tested by studying their heavy metal and fat binding properties. The P4VP grafted and nongrafted gel beads were tested for their cholesterol and Fe3+ adsorption capacities. The beads derived from chitin-g-P4VP were found to have higher adsorption capacities than chitin beads due to a microporous bead surface and chemical modification. The quaternized chitin-g-P4VP gel bead proved to be a potential Hg2+ adsorbent.
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ÖZ:
Bu tezin konusu; kitin jel boncukların ısıl tersinir jelleşme, ısıl tersinir jelleşme işlemi sonrasında çöktürücü eklenmesi ve kimyasal modifikasyon sonrasında çöktürücü eklenmesi yöntemleri ile hazırlanması ve karakterizasyonudur. Çöktürücü eklenerek ve jelleşme noktasına kadar ısıtıldıktan sonra çöktürücü eklenerek hazırlanan jellerin fiziksel özellikleri incelendi. Çöktürücü sistem türünün ve bileşiminin jelleşme zamanı, jelleşme sıcaklığı, şişme oranı ve esneklik katsayısı üzerinde etkileri incelendi. Bu çalışmanın diğer bir boyutu ise, kitinin jelleşme özelliklerinin, modifikasyon sonrası da kullanılarak modifiye kitin jel küreler hazırlanmasıdır. Bu amaçla, yeni bir yaklaşımla kimyasal modifikasyon ve jelleşme bir arada kullanılarak poly(4-vinil piridin) aşılanmış kitin jel küreler hazırlanmıştır. En fazla 226% aşılanma yüzdesine ulaşılmıştır. Aşılanmış ve aşılanmamış ürünler FTIR spektrofotometresi, XRD, SEM ve TGA yöntemleri ile karakterize edildi. Kürelerin şişme davranışları sulu ortamda çalışılmıştır. XRD analizi, ürünlerin kitine göre daha düşük kristallik oranına sahip olduğunu göstermiştir. Kitin-g-(poli(4-vinil piridin)) kürelerin termal özellikleri ise TGA ile belirlenmiştir. Aşılanmış ürünlerin kitine göre ısıl kararlılıklarının daha düşük olduğu gözlemlenmiştir. 500˚C civarında kitin, %75 ağırlık kaybına uğrarken, aşılanmış kitinde bu oran %90 civarındadır. Normal kitinin maksimum bozunma sıcaklığı 380˚C iken, aşılanmış kitin için bu sıcaklık 305˚C’dir. Kitin ve aşılanmış kitinin DSC analizi, aşılanmış kitinin ısıl kararlılığının daha düşük olduğunu desteklemektedir. Potansiyel olarak jel kürelerin atıksu arıtım sistemlerinde kullanılabilirliğini test etme amaçlı olarak; metal ve yağ tutuculuk özellikleri üzerinde çalışılmıştır. Bu amaçla kitin-g-P4VP boncukların Fe3+ ve kolesterol tutuculuk kapasiteleri de incelenmiş ve aşılanmış boncukların aşılanmamış boncuklara göre daha fazla tutuculuk kapasitelerine sahip olduğu gözlemlenmiştir. Bunun sebebi ise aşılanmış kitin boncukların mikrogözenekli bir yapıya sahip olması ve kimyasal modifikasyona uğratılmış olmasıdır. Deneysel çalışmalar, kloroasetamid fonksiyonlu kuaterner kitin-g-P4VP kürelerin, Hg2+ iyonu yüzey tutuculuk uygulamaları için potansiyel olduğunu göstermiştir.enEastern Mediterranean University (EMU)Toxicological ChemistryBioadsorbent - Biopolymer - Chitin - Chitosan - Poly (4-Vinyl Pyridine) - Grafting - Cholesterol - Heavy Metals - Iron - Mercury - Chitin Beads - Thermoreversible - Gelation - Quaternized ChitinPreparation and characterization of poly (4- Vinyl Pyridine) grafted chitin beadsThesisDepartment of Chemistry08 Faculty of Arts and SciencesTheses (Master's and Ph.D) – Chemistry
oai:i-rep.emu.edu.tr:11129/13932014-10-08T23:00:42Zhdl_11129_111Fahanwi, Asabuwa Ngwabebhoh2014-10-08T10:18:00Z2014-01Fahanwi, Asabuwa Ngwabebhoh. (2014). Synthesis and characterization of superabsorbent chitosan-starch hydrogel and its application for removal of direct red 80 dye. Thesis (M.S.), Eastern Mediterranean University, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Dept. of Chemistry, Famagusta: North Cyprus.http://hdl.handle.net/11129/1393Master of Science in Chemistry. Thesis (M.S.)--Eastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Dept. of Chemistry, 2014. Supervisor: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Mustafa Gazi.ABSTRACT: In this study, an eco-friendly superabsorbent hydrogel was prepared by crosslinking chitosan and starch using glutaraldehyde as the crosslinking agent. The chitosan-starch hydrogel (CSH) as an adsorbent was then successfully used for the sorption of Direct Red 80 (DR80) dye from aqueous medium. The adsorbent was evaluated using batch adsorption process by performing a series of batch investigations to identify the maximum sorption kinetics, thermodynamics and isotherms of DR80 onto the adsorbent by assessing different operational conditions such as pH, sorbent dose, initial DR80 concentration, salts and temperature. The sorption process was studied using the pseudo-first order, the pseudo-second order kinetic equations alongside the Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm equations at different temperatures.The equilibrium data was observed to follow the Freundlich model and was observed that DR80 sorption process favored the pseudo-second order kinetics correlation coefficient (R2) value obtained. The negative and positive values of ΔG° and ΔH° demonstrated that the sorption process of DR80 onto the adsorbent was spontaneous and endothermic, respectively. FT-IR characterization was used to demonstrate presence of the various functional groups; -NH2, -CONH2, -CO and -OH on the adsorbent.
From the data obtained from the experimental measurements, conclusion were drawn based on the eco-friendly, low cost and economical nature of the adsorbent material and thus may be a reliable material for treatment of contaminants from aqueous solutions. Key words: Superabsorbent, Chitosan-Starch Hydrogel, Direct Red 80, Eco-friendly 4.
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ÖZ: Bu çalışmada, glutaraldehit çaprazbağlayıcı kullanılarak çevre dostu süper absorbent hidrojel olan çaprazbağlı kitosan ve nişasta hazırlanmıştır. Kitosan-nişasta hidrojel (CSH), sulu ortamda Direct Red 80 (DR80) boyası için başarılı bir adsorbandır. Adsorbanın, maksimum adsorpsiyon kapasitesi, kinetik, termodinamik ve adsorpsiyon izoterimleri, batch adsorpsiyon prosesleri kullanılarak pH, sorbent miktarı, DR80 başlangıç konsantrasyonu, tuz ve sıcaklık değişimlerinden faydalanılarak belirlenmiştir.
Bu adsorpsiyon prosesinde birinci ve ikinci dereceden kinetik eşitliklerinin yanında farklı sıcaklıkta Freundlich ve Langmuir izoterm eşitlikleri çalışılmıştır. Denge verileri Freundlich modelini takip etmekte ve DR80 tutma süreci yalancı 2. dereceden kinetik korelasyon katsayısı değeri (R2) ile uyumludur. ΔG° ve ΔH° değerlerinin sırasıyla negatif ve pozitif oluşu, adsorban üzerinde DR80’ın tutulma işleminin kendiliğinden ve endotermik olduğunu göstermektedir.FT-IR karakterizasyonu adsorbent üzerinde -NH2, -CONH2, -CO ve –OH gibi birçok fonksiyonel grubun varlığını göstermektedir.
Deneysel ölçümlerden elde edilen veriler, adsorban materyalin çevre dostu, düşük maliyetli ve ekonomik niteliğe sahip oladuğunu ve böylece sulu çözeltilerden kirleticilerin temizlenmesi için güvenilir bir malzeme olabileceği sonucunu doğurmuştur.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Süperabsorbent, kitosan-Nişasta, Direct Red 80, Çevre Dostu.enEastern Mediterranean University (EMU) - Doğu Akdeniz Üniversitesi (DAÜ)ChemistryChitosanSuperabsorbent, Chitosan-Starch Hydrogel, Direct Red 80, Eco-FriendlySynthesis and characterization of superabsorbent chitosan-starch hydrogel and its application for removal of direct red 80 dyeThesisDepartment of Chemistry08 Faculty of Arts and SciencesTheses (Master's and Ph.D) – Chemistry
oai:i-rep.emu.edu.tr:11129/14012014-10-09T23:00:44Zhdl_11129_111Shihad, Arshed Abd Ali2014-10-09T10:31:03Z2013-06Shihad, Arshed Abd Ali. (2013). Preparation and spectrophotometric study of 2[2-(5-bromo thiazolyl) azo] -4-methoxy phenol. Thesis (M.S.), Eastern Mediterranean University, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Dept. of Chemistry, Famagusta: North Cyprus.http://hdl.handle.net/11129/1401Master of Science in Chemistry. Thesis (M.S.)--Eastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Dept. of Chemistry, 2013. Supervisor: Assist. Prof. Dr. Mehmet Garip.ABSTRACT: A new thiazolylazo dye 2[2-(5-bromo thiazolyl) azo]-4-methoxy phenol (BrTAMP) was prepared by coupling reaction between 5-bromo thiazolylazonium chloride with 4-methoxy phenol in alkaline alcoholic solution. The structure of azo ligand has been characterized by Mass spectrometry, 1HNMR, UV-visible and FT-IR spectrophotometry. Three new complexes of Cu (II), Ni (II) and Ag (I) ions were prepared and identified by UV-visible spectroscopy, molar conductivity measurement, and FT-IR spectroscopy. The spectral and analytical data show that the reagent is tridentate and coordination with metal ions are: (i) the azo N atom which adjacent to methoxy phenol radical, (ii) thiazole N atom and (iii) the phenolate O atom. The metal ligand ratio (M:L) in alcoholic aqueous solutions determined by the “mole ratio” method and by Jobe's method, both indicate 1:2 for Cu (II) and Ni (II) complexes and 1:1 for Ag (I) complex. Stability constants for the complexes were also calculated from spectrophotometric data. While octahedral configuration is suggested for Ni (II) and Cu (II) complexes, tetrahedral is suggested for Ag (I) complex. The solid complexes are found to have the general formula [ML2].H2O where M = Cu (II) or Ni (II) ions and [ML. H2O] where M = Ag (I) ion. The analytical applications using the ligand to determine Cu (II) in a sample of human blood and Ni (II) in a sample of water from the Euphrates River were carried out.
Keywords: Thiazolylazo Ligand, Coupling Reaction, Metal Complexes, Characterization and Analytical Application.
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ÖZ: Yeni bir tiazolilazo boyar madde olan 2 [2 - (5-bromo tiazolil) azo]-4-metoksi fenol (BrTAMP), alkali alkollü çözücü içinde 4-metoksi fenol ile 5-bromo tiazolilazonium klorürün birleştirme reaksiyonu ile hazırlandı. Azo ligandın yapısı Kütle spektrumu, 1HNMR, UV-görünür ve FT-IR gibi teknikleri ile karakterize edilmiştir. Cu (II), Ni (II) ve Ag (I) iyonlarının üç yeni kompleksleri hazırlandı ve UV-görünür spektroskopi, molar iletkenlik ölçümü, FT-IR spektrumları ile tanımlandı. Spektral ve analitik veriler, reaktifin üç dişli olduğunu, ve metal iyonuna koordinasyonun (i) metoksi fenol radikaline en yakın azo N atomu, (ii) tiazol N atomu ve (iii) fenolatın O atomu tarafından yapıldığını göstermektedir. Mol oranı ve Jobe yöntemleri ile elde edilen analitik veriler alkollü su içerisinde çözünmüş komplekslerdeki metal iyonu ile reaktif oranının Cu (II) ve Ni (II) için 1:2, ve Ag (I) için 1:1 olduğunu göstermektedir. Komplekslerin kararlılık sabitleri de ayrıca spektrofotometrik veriler kullanılarak hesaplanmıştır. Ni (II) ve Cu (II) kompleksleri için oktahedral yapı önerilirken, Ag (I) için önerilen yapı tetrahedraldir. Komplekslerin katı hallerinde aşağıdaki genel formüle sahip oldukları tespit edilmiştir: Cu (II) ve Ni (II) için [ML2].H2O,ve Ag(I) için [ML].H2O. Reaktif (ligand) ile insan kanı örneğinde Cu (II), Fırat nehrinden alınan su örneğinde Ni (II) ve diş dolgu malzemesinde Ag (I) iyonlarının nicel analizi yapılmıştır. Anahtar Kelimeler: Tiazolilazo Ligand, Bağlanma Reaksiyonu, Meta Kompleksleri, Karaterizasyonve Analitikuygulamalar.enEastern Mediterranean University (EMU) - Doğu Akdeniz Üniversitesi (DAÜ)ChemistryThiazolylazo Ligand, Coupling Reaction, Metal Complexes, Characterization and Analytical ApplicationPreparation and spectrophotometric study of 2[2-(5-bromo thiazolyl) azo] -4-methoxy phenolThesisDepartment of Chemistry08 Faculty of Arts and SciencesTheses (Master's and Ph.D) – Chemistry
oai:i-rep.emu.edu.tr:11129/14112014-10-16T23:00:37Zhdl_11129_111Al-Salim, Mahdi Abdulmohsin Jazea2014-10-16T08:43:22Z2014-02Al-Salim, Mahdi Abdulmohsin Jazea. (2014). Preparation and characterization of chitosan - pullulan hydrogel and its application for adsorption of erichrome black T from aqueous solutions. Thesis (M.S.), Eastern Mediterranean University, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Dept. of Chemistry, Famagusta: North Cyprus.http://hdl.handle.net/11129/1411Master of Science in Chemistry. Thesis (M.S.)--Eastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Dept. of Chemistry, 2014. Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Mustafa Gazi.ABSTRACT: In this study, a superabsorbent hydrogel was synthesized by crosslinking chitosan and pullulan by glutaraldehyde. The Chitosan/Pullulan Hydrogel (CPH) as an adsorbent was then successfully used for adsorption of Erichrome Black T (EBT) dye from aqueous medium. The adsorbent capacity was investigated at different operational conditions such as initial concentration of dye, adsorbent dosage, pH, temperature, presence of salt and contact time.
The equilibrium data was observed to follow the Langmuir model and was observed that EBT sorption process favored the pseudo-second order kinetics. FT-IR characterization was used to demonstrate presence of the various functional groups; -NH2, -CONH2, -CO and -OH on the adsorbent. From the data obtained from the experimental measurements, conclusion were drawn based on the eco-friendly and economical nature of the adsorbent material and thus may be a reliable material for treatment of contaminants from aqueous solutions.
Key words: Superabsorbent, Chitosan-Pullulan Hydrogel, EBT, Eco-friendly.
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ÖZ:Bu çalışmada, kitosan ve pullulanın glutaraldehitle çaprazbağlazbağlı superabsorbent hidrojel sentezlenmiştir. Kitosan/Pullulan hidrojeli (CPH), Erichrome Black T (EBT) boyasının sulu ortamından adsorpsiyonu için başarılı bir adsorbenttir. Adsorbent kapasitesi, farklı boya başlangıç konsantrasyonu, adsorbent miktarı pH, sıcaklık, tuz varlığı ve etkileşim süreleri gibi farklı operasyon şartlarında incelenmiştir.
Adsorpsiyon denge verileri Langmuir adsorpsiyon modelini izlediği ve EBT adsorplama prosesinin yalancı ikinci mertebe kinetiğe uyduğu saptanmıştır FT-IR karakterizasyonu adsorbent üzerinde -NH2, -CONH2, -CO ve –OH gibi birçok fonksiyonel grubun varlığını göstermektedir.
Deneysel ölçümlerden elde edilen veriler adsorban materyalin çevredostu ve ekonomik niteliğe sahip oladuğunu ve böylece suluç özeltilerden kirleticilerin temizlenmesi için güvenilir bir malzeme olabileceğ sonucunu doğurmuştur.
AnahtarKelimeler: Süperabsorbent, kitosan-Pullulan, Erichrome Black T, ÇevreDostu.enEastern Mediterranean University (EMU) - Doğu Akdeniz Üniversitesi (DAÜ)ChemistrySuperabsorbent, Chitosan-Pullulan Hydrogel, EBT, Eco-FriendlyPreparation and characterization of chitosan - pullulan hydrogel and its application for adsorption of erichrome black T from aqueous solutionsThesisDepartment of Chemistry08 Faculty of Arts and SciencesTheses (Master's and Ph.D) – Chemistry
oai:i-rep.emu.edu.tr:11129/14182014-10-16T23:00:43Zhdl_11129_111Abdulqadir, Jadir Nassir2014-10-16T12:38:47Z2014-02Abdulqadir, Jadir Nassir. (2014). Preparation and characterization of modified activated charcoal based on ferula communis and its adsorptive behavior. Thesis (M.S.), Eastern Mediterranean University, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Dept. of Chemistry, Famagusta: North Cyprus.http://hdl.handle.net/11129/1418Master of Science in Chemistry. Thesis (M.S.)--Eastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Dept. of Chemistry, 2014. Supervisor: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Mustafa Gazi.ABSTRACT: Activated carbon was prepared from Ferula Communis and chemically activated with phosphoric acid. The modified activated carbon was utilized for the removal of malachite green (MG) dye from simulated wastewater. Various operational parameters such as adsorbent dosage, solution pH, initial MG concentration and temperature were investigated. The results obtained were used to evaluate the adsorption isotherms and kinetics. After analyzing experimental data, the sorption process of MG dye was favored to be pseudo-second order kinetic and the equilibrium data fitted the Langmuir isotherm. In addition, the data predicts that the adsorption process is controlled by chemisorption process. The maximum adsorption capacity was found at 298 K (239.9mg/g). Activated carbon prepared from Ferula Communis can be an alternative precursor for commercial activated carbon production for the removal of dyes from industrial effluents.
Keywords: Activated Carbon. Ferula Communis, Malachite Green dye
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ÖZ: Bu çalışmada, Ferulla Communisin fosforik asit ile kimyasal aktivasyonu sonucunda aktif karbon hazırlanmıştır. Modifiye edilmiş aktif karbon, yapay atık sudan malachite green (MG) boyasının temizlenmesinde kullanılmıştır. Adsorbent kapasitesi için farklı boya başlangıç konsantrasyonu, adsorbent miktarı pH, sıcaklık, tuz varlığı ve etkileşim süreleri gibi farklı operasyon şartları incelenmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlar adsorpsiyon izotermleri ve kinetik değerlendirmelerinde kullanılmıştır. Deneysel değerlerin analizi sonucunda MG boyasının tutunma prosesinin yalancı ikinci derece kinetiğe ve denge değerlerinin de Langmuir isoterme uyduğunu göstermektedir. Ek olarak, değerler adsorpsiyon prosesinin kimyasalsorplama prosesince kontrol edildiğini göstermiştir. Maksimum adsorpsiyon kapasitesi, 298 K’ de 239.9 mg/g olarak bulunmuştur. Ferula Communis’ten hazırlanan Aktif Karbon endüstriyel atıklardan boya arıtımı için ticari aktif karbon üretimi için alternative bir hammadde olabilir.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Aktif Karbon, Ferula Communis, Malachite Green dye, Bazik yeşil 4.enEastern Mediterranean University (EMU) - Doğu Akdeniz Üniversitesi (DAÜ)ChemistryCarbon, ActivatedActivated Carbon, Ferula Communis, Malachite Green DyePreparation and characterization of modified activated charcoal based on ferula communis and its adsorptive behaviorThesisDepartment of Chemistry08 Faculty of Arts and SciencesTheses (Master's and Ph.D) – Chemistry
oai:i-rep.emu.edu.tr:11129/14462014-10-31T00:00:55Zhdl_11129_111Refiker, Hürmüs2014-10-30T12:07:03Z2011-09Refiker, Hürmüs. (2011). Symmetrical and unsymmetrical perylene diimide dyes for photovoltaic applications: Chiral, amphiphilic and electrochemical properties. Thesis (Ph.D.), Eastern Mediterranean University, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Dept. of Chemistry, Famagusta: North Cyprus.http://hdl.handle.net/11129/1446Doctor of Philosophy in Chemistry. Thesis (Ph.D)--Eastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Arts and Science, Dept. of Chemistry, 2011. Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Huriye İcil.ABSTRACT: In this research, four novel perylene derivatives (BPDI, LPMI, LPDI and LPPDI) have been successfully synthesized. The synthesized compounds have been characterized and investigated in detail by NMR, IR, UV-vis, emission, DSC, TGA, elemental analysis, CV, SWV and CD. The specific optical rotation values of LPMI, LPDI and LPPDI were measured as +1191.5, +201.7 and -1647.5, respectively at 20 oC. The compounds showed high thermal stabilities. The initial decomposition temperatures were calculated as 361 oC for BPDI, 387 oC for LPMI, 356 oC LPDI and 415 oC, for LPPDI. For LPPDI in NMP, two isosbestic points were observed at 533 and 611 nm which confirmed the presence of overlapped monomer and excimer emissions in the temperature range 10 oC to 80 oC. Fluorescence quenching of chiral dyes; LPMI, LPDI and LPPDI in m-cresol have been attributed to a charge transfer interaction. Moreover, the excited state of the four dyes can decay only by fluorescence in solid state mainly due to O-H...N hydrogen bonds. The novel photonic perylene dyes have a great potential in various fields such as solid state lightning technology, dye-sensitized solar cells and photomedicine. Keywords: Amphiphilic, chiral, hydrogen-bonding, controlled self-assembly, perylene, DSSC.
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ÖZ: Bu araştırmada 4 yeni madde (BPDI, LPMI, LPDI ve LPPDI) başarılı bir şekilde sentezlenmiştir. Sentezlenen maddeler NMR, IR, UV-vis, DSC, TGA, elemental analiz, dönüşümlü voltametri, kare dalga voltametrileri ve dairesel dikroizm (CD) yöntemleri ile karakterize edilip detaylı bir şekilde incelenmiştir.
LPMI, LPDI ve LPPDI’ın 20 oC’deki spesifik çevirme açıları sırası ile +1191.5, +201.7 ve -1647.5 olarak ölçülmüştür. Sentezlenen maddeler yüksek termal kararlılık gösterirken; bozulma sıcaklığı başlama noktaları BPDI için 361 oC, LPMI için 387 oC, LPDI için 356 oC ve LPPDI için 415 oC olarak hesaplanmıştır. Kiral asimetrik perilen diimide, LPPDI NMP çözgeni içinde sıcaklığa sıcaklığa bağlı emisyon çalışmasında 522 ve 611 nm de olmak üzere iki izobestik nokta sergilemiştir. Monomer ve ekzimer emisyonunun çakıştığını göstermektedir. LPMI, LPDI ve LPPDI maddelerinin m-kresol içinde flüoresans söndürmesi yük transferi etkileşimine bağlanmıştır. Ayrıca katı fazdaki 4 madde de uyarık durumda sadece O-H...N hidrojen bağı yüzünden sadece flüoresans yapabiliyor.
Elde edilen sonuçlara göre; sentezlenenin maddeler ışık teknolojilerinde, boya ile duyarlaştırılmış güneş pillerinde ve ışıklı terapi anlanlarında kullanılmak üzere büyük potansiyel taşımaktadırlar.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Amfifil, kiral, hidrojen bağı, kontrollü kolayca kurululabilirlilik, perlilen, boya ile duyarlaştırılmış güneş pilleri.enEastern Mediterranean University (EMU) - Doğu Akdeniz Üniversitesi (DAÜ)ChemistryAmphiphilic Chiral Hydrogen-Bonding Controlled Self-Assembly Perylene DSSCSymmetrical and unsymmetrical perylene diimide dyes for photovoltaic applications: Chiral, amphiphilic and electrochemical propertiesThesisDepartment of Chemistry08 Faculty of Arts and SciencesTheses (Master's and Ph.D) – Chemistry
oai:i-rep.emu.edu.tr:11129/14762014-11-16T00:00:46Zhdl_11129_111Nwokeji, Chidozie Kingsley2014-11-15T13:31:06Z2013-07Nwokeji, Chidozie Kingsley. (2013). Chitin / Chitosan and alginates based two component systems for Fe3+ adsorption. Thesis (M.S.), Eastern Mediterranean University, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Dept. of Chemistry, Famagusta: North Cyprus.http://hdl.handle.net/11129/1476Master of Science in Chemistry. Thesis (M.S.)--Eastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Dept. of Chemistry, 2013. Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Elvan Yılmaz.ABSTRACT: In this study chitin and chitosan were blended with sodium alginate. The blends were characterized by FTIR and SEM analysis. The swelling ratios of obtained products in different pH (1.0, 7.0, 11) were determined and their adsorption properties in pH=1.3 were tested for Fe3+. The desorption capacities of the products in acidic buffer (pH=1.2) and alkaline media (0.06 M ammonia) were also compared.
Chitin/Alginate and Chitosan/Alginate beads which swelled in aqueous media up to 200-300% were obtained. The beads proved to be effective Fe3+ adsorbents. Chitin/Alginate and Chitosan/Alginate beads showed an adsorption capacity of the order of 80mg/g bead towards Fe3+ in 100ppm Fe3+ solution within 3hours contact time. Ammonia (0.06M) was found to work better than acid buffer as a desorption agent for Fe3+. It was possible to obtain 100% desorption using ammonia solution.
Keywords: Chitosan, alginic acid, Fe3+ adsorption.
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ÖZ: Bu çalışmada, kitin ve kitosan aljinat ile karıştırılmış olup fiziksel özellikleri FTIR ve SEM analizleri ile karakterize edilmiştir. Elde edilen ürünlerin farklı pH lardaki tampon çözeltilerde (pH=1.0, 7.0, 11.0) şişme oranı belirlendi ve adsorpsiyon özellikleri, pH=1.2 Fe3+ için test edildi. Asidik tampon çözeltide (pH=1.2) ve alkali çözeltide (0.06 M amonyak) desorpsiyon kapasiteleri karşılaştırıldı.
Sulu ortamda 200-300 % mertebesinde şişme kapasitesine sahip kitin/aljinat küreler elde edilmiştir. Ürünlerin 100 ppm Fe3+ çözeltisinde 3 saatte 80 mg Fe3+/g küre adsorplama kapasitesine ulaşabildikleri gözlemlenmiştir Seyreltilmiş amonyak çözeltisi ile 100% desorpsiyon sağlanabildiği saptanmıştır.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Kitosan, aljinik asit, Fe3+ adsorpsiyonu.enEastern Mediterranean University (EMU) - Doğu Akdeniz Üniversitesi (DAÜ)ChemistryChitosanChitosan, Alginic Acid, Fe3+ AdsorptionChitin / Chitosan and alginates based two component systems for Fe3+ adsorptionThesisDepartment of Chemistry08 Faculty of Arts and SciencesTheses (Master's and Ph.D) – Chemistry
oai:i-rep.emu.edu.tr:11129/14952014-11-19T00:00:50Zhdl_11129_111Yalınca, Zülal2014-11-18T11:42:29Z2013-05Yalinca, Zulal. (2013). Modified chitosans for biomedical applications. Thesis (Ph.D.), Eastern Mediterranean University, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Dept. of Chemistry, Famagusta: North Cyprus.http://hdl.handle.net/11129/1495Doctor of Philosophy in Chemistry. Thesis (Ph.D.)--Eastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Dept. of Chemistry, 2013. Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Elvan Yılmaz.ABSTRACT: The subject of this thesis is the exploration of the suitability of chitosan and some of its derivatives for some chosen biomedical applications. Chitosan-graft-poly (N-vinyl imidazole), Chitosan-tripolyphosphate and ascorbyl chitosan were synthesized and characterized for specific biomedical applications in line with their chemical functionalities.
Chitosan-graft-poly (N-vinyl imidazole), Chi-graft-PNVI, was synthesized by two methods; via an N-protection route and without N-protection to observe the effect of free amine groups on the antibacterial activity. Both chitosan and Chi-graft-PNVI samples demonstrated antibacterial activity against both gram-positive Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis), and against gram-negative Escherichia coli (E. coli). Decreased antibacterial activity was measured with increasing grafting percentage of PNVI. The observed trend can be explained by the fraction of free amine groups present in the samples. PNVI grafting onto chitosan proceeds via both OH-bearing carbons and free amine groups which results in a reduced fraction of free amine groups responsible from the antibacterial effect. When the amine group is protected, grafting proceeds mainly from the hydroxyl bearing carbon atoms. Hence, after deprotection there are higher fraction of free amine groups available for antibacterial activity leading to improved antibacterial activity. New combinations of an aminoglycoside antibiotic, gentamicin with the natural aminopolysaccharide chitosan and Chi-graft-PNVI were investigated as antibacterial agents. It was found that a mixture of gentamicin and Chi-graft-PNVI exhibited a higher antibacterial activity against both S. epidermidis and against E. coli when compared to gentamicin alone. Gentamicin produces an inhibition zone of 8.2±0.2 mm against S. epidermidis when undiluted, while the inhibition zone increases to 25.8±0.7 mm in combination with Chi-graft-PNVI prepared via N-protection. These combinations have a potential to form a basis to new formulations of gentamicin with improved antibacterial activity and might allow usage of decreased doses of the antibiotic.
Blood contact properties of chitosan and its derivatives were investigated in detail. Chitosan-TPP bioadsorbents and ascorbyl chitosans were prepared. Nonimprinted and Fe3+ imprinted chitosan TPP gel beads were prepared via physical gel formation. A method based on in-situ crosslinking using ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether, EGDE, was developed to imprint the chitosan-TPP gels with Fe3+ without deteriorating the gel beads. The Fe3+ imprinted and in-situ crosslinked beads proved to be durable and effective adsorbents for Fe3+ in solution. The characteristics of the beads as biomedical iron adsorbents were tested by evaluating their serum iron removal capacities from human blood. The preliminary tests carried out showed that Fe3+ imprinted beads were more effective in decreasing serum iron in human blood, when compared to the nonimprinted beads. The decrease in serum iron level accompanied a parallel decrease in the haemoglobin level. The calcium level was also affected upon contact with the beads. The Fe3+ imprinted beads were less effective than the nonimprinted ones in decreasing the calcium level indicating selectivity towards iron containing species. Blood contact properties of ascorbyl chitosans were investigated by testing for changes in total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and triglyceride levels in addition to total calcium analysis, complete blood count analysis and prothrombin time determination upon contact in human blood with ascorbyl chitosans. The lipid lowering activity increased with ascorbyl substitution. The inherent non specific adsorption capability of chitosan due to its chelating power with several different functional groups was exhibited by ascorbyl chitosans as well. This behaviour was exemplified in a simultaneous decrease in the total iron values of the volunteers together with lower lipid levels. Furthermore, ascorbyl chitosans were observed to have less hemocompatibility but increased anticoagulant activity when compared to chitosan alone. Ascorbyl chitosans performed better blood contact properties as biomaterials compared to ascorbic acid alone but poorer when compared to chitosan alone.
In summary, the suitability of chitosan-based materials was examined in different biomedical domains. Our results highlight the importance of this particular polymer in biotechnology and biomedical applications.
Keywords: Chitosan, N-vinyl imidazole, antibacterial activity, tripolyphosphate, Fe3+ adsorption, imprinting, blood contact chitosan, cholesterol lowering activity, vitamin C (ascorbic acid), biomedical applications.
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ÖZ: Bu tezde kitosan ve türevlerinin biyomedikal uygulamalarda uygulanabilirliği incelendi. Kitosan-aşı-poli (N-vinil imidazol), kitosan-tripolifosfat ve askorbil kitosanlar sentezlenip kimyasal işlevleri doğrultusunda özel biyomedikal uygulamalarda kullanımı ile ilgili olarak karaterize edilmeye çalışıldı.
Kitosan-aşı-poli (N-vinil imidazol), serbest aminlerin antibakteriyel aktiviteye etkisini anlamak için serbest amin gruplarını korumalı ve korumasız olmak üzere iki farklı metodla sentezlendi. Hem kitosanın hem de amin korumalı olarak sentezlenen kitosan- aşı-poli(N-vinil imidazol) örnekleri gram-pozitif Stapilokokkus epidermidis (S. epidermidis), ve gram-negatif Escherichia coli (E. coli) ye karşın antibakteriyal etki gösterdiği saptandı. Aşılanan PNVI yüzdesi arttıkça antibakterial aktivitede azalma olduğu gözlendi. Gözlenen bu eğilim örneklerdeki mevcut serbest amin grupları ile açıklanabilir. PNVI nin kitosana aşılanması antibakterial aktivite için gerekli fonksiyonel gruplardan OH taşıyan karbon atomu ve serbest amin grupları aracılığı ile gerçekleşir, bu durum antibakterial aktiviteyi engeller. Ancak amin grubunun korumalı olması halinde aşılama, kitosanın özellikle OH taşıyan karbon atomu aracılığı ile gerçekleşir. Aşılama sonrası koruma bozulduğunda ortaya çıkan serbest amin gruplarının antibakterial aktivitede etkin rol aldığı anlaşıldı. Aminoglikozid antibitotiklerinden biri olan gentamisin ile doğal aminopolisakkaritlerden biri olan kitosan ve kitosan türevi, kitosan-aşı-poli (N-vinil imidazol), kombinasyonlarının antibakteriyel etkileri incelendi. Gentamisinin amin korumalı metodla sentezlenen kitosan-aşı-poli (N-vinil imidazol) ile karışımının, gentamisinin yalnız başına S. epidermidis ve E. coli’ ye karşı gösterdiği antibakteriyal aktiviteden daha etkin antibakteriyal etkisi olduğu bulundu. S. epidermidise karşın gentamisin yalnız başına 8.2±0.2 mm inhibasyon zonu oluştururken, gentamisinin amin korumalı metodla sentezlenen kitosan-aşı-poli (N-vinil imidazol) ile karışımının inhibaston zonunu 25.8±0.7 mm ye artırdığı ölçüldü. Böyle kombinasyonların iyileştirilmiş antibakteriyal aktivite ve düşük dozda gentamisin kullanımını sağayacak potansiyel gentamisin türevleri olarak antibiyotik kullanımında aday olabilecekleri düşünüldü.
Kitosan ve kitosan içerikli materyallerin kanla etkileşim özellikleri detaylı olarak incelenmeye çalışıldı. Bu amaçla kitosan-tripolifosfat (TPP) jel boncuklar ve askobil kitosan hazırlandı. Öncelikle, Fe3+ baskılanmış ve baskılanmamış kitosan-TPP jel boncuklar oluşturuldu. Baskılama sonucunda yapıda bozunmaya yol açmayan etilen glikol diglisidil eter, EGDE, çapraz baglayıcısı kullanılarak in-situ çapraz bağlama ile yeni bir Fe3+ baskılama yöntemi geliştirildi. Fe3+ baskılanmış in-situ çapraz bağlanmış jel boncuklar hem daha kararlı hem de Fe3+ adsorpsiyonunda daha etkin olduğu anlaşıldı. Sentezlenen jel boncukların potansiyel biyomedikal demir adsorbanı olarak kullanılabilirliği ile ilgili özellikleri insan kanından serum demiri giderme kapasitesini değerlendirmek ile test edildi.Yapılan ön çalışmalar Fe3+ baskılanmış kitosan-TPP jel boncukların baskılanmamış kitosan-TPP jel boncuklara göre insan kanında serum demirini azaltmada daha etkili olduğu bulundu. Serum demiri düzeyindeki azalma hemoglobin düzeyindeki azalma ile paralel olduğu tespit edildi. Fe3+ baskılanmış kitosan-TPP jel boncukların baskılanmamış kitosan-TPP jel boncukların insan kanı ile etkileşiminin kalsiyum düzeyinde de değişmeye neden olduğu saptandı. Fe3+ baskılanmış kitosan-TPP jel boncuklar kalsiyum düzeyini azaltmada baskılanmamış kitosan-TPP jel boncuklara kıyasla daha az etkili olmuştur. Kanla etkileştirilen askorbil kitosanların, toplam kolesterol, HDL kolesterol, LDL kolesterol, trigliserit ve toplam kalsiyum düzeyine etkisi incelendi. Tam kan sayımı analizi ile ve protrombin zamanına etkisi ile kanla uyumluluğu incelendi. Lipid seviyesini düşürme etkisi artan askorbil grubu ile daha fazla olduğu bulundu. Farklı birkaç fonksiyonel grubun varlığından kaynaklanan non spesifik adsorpsiyon özelliği ile kitosanın şelasyon kapasitesi askorbil kitosan örneklerinde de korundu. Bu davranış, lipid düzeyleri ile birlikte toplam demir seviyelerindede eşzamanlı olarak azalma ile örneklendirilmiştir. Ayrıca askorbil kitosanların kanla uyumluluğunun kitosana kıyasla daha az olduğu ve antikoagülan aktivitenin kitosana kıyasla askorbil kitosan ile arttığı görüldü. Askorbik asite kıyasla askorbil kitosanların kanla uyumluluğunun iyileştirildiği bulundu.
Özetle, farklı biyomedikal alanlarda kitosan-esaslı malzemelerin uygunluğu incelendi. Sonuçlarımızda biyoteknoloji ve biyomedikal uygulamalarda bu özel polimerin önemi vurgulandı.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Kitosan, N-vinil imidazol, antibakteriyal aktivite, tripolifosfat, Fe3+ adsorpsiyonu, baskılama, kitosan-kan etkileşimi, kolesterol düşürme aktivitesi, vitamin C, biyomedikal uygulamalar.enEastern Mediterranean University (EMU) - Doğu Akdeniz Üniversitesi (DAÜ)ChemistryPolymers in medicineChitosan, N-Vinyl Imidazole, Antibacterial Activity, Tripolyphosphate, Fe3+, Adsorption, Imprinting, Blood Contact Chitosan, Cholestrol Lowering Activity, Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid), Biomedical ApplicationsModified chitosans for biomedical applicationsThesisDepartment of Chemistry08 Faculty of Arts and SciencesTheses (Master's and Ph.D) – Chemistry
oai:i-rep.emu.edu.tr:11129/15172014-11-26T00:00:49Zhdl_11129_111Tameemi, Mustafa Basim2014-11-25T11:27:50Z2013-05Tameemi, Mustafa Basim. (2013). Chitosan citrate membrances for naproxen delivery. Thesis (M.S.), Eastern Mediterranean University, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Dept. of Chemistry, Famagusta: North Cyprus.http://hdl.handle.net/11129/1517Master of Science in Chemistry. Thesis (M.S.)--Eastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Dept. of Chemistry, 2013. Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Elvan Yılmaz.ABSTRACT: Chitosan citrate, chitosan citrate/glycerol and chitosan citrate/poly(ethylene glycol) blend membranes were prepared by the solvent casting method. Citrate ion was used as the ionic crosslinker. Glycerol and PEG were added to improve flexibility, and sodium chloride to introduce porosity. The primary concerns in the selection of all components were biocompatibility and safety. Chemical structures of the membranes have been investigated by FTIR spectrophotometry, while the surface morphology has been investigated by SEM analysis. Swelling kinetics has been followed gravimetrically. Naproxen, an analgesic and anti-inflammatory agent, has been used as a model drug to test for the drug release properties of the membranes.
It was found out that swelling, drug loading capacity and drug release properties were affected by the composition and the porosity of the membrane. The maximum release percentage was 31% for the membranes with 1% w/v chitosan concentration while the maximum percentage was 25% for the membranes with 0.5% w/v chitosan concentration. All membranes exhibited a burst effect within the first hour. Then a linear release which obeyed zero order release kinetics was observed between 1-6 hours with release rates changing between 1.2%/h to 0.99%/h, except for the sample 7 whose release rate was 0.41%/h between 2-12 hours.
Keywords: Drug delivery, Crosslinking, Chitosan membranes, Citrate, Naproxen.
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ÖZ: Kitosan sitrat, kitosan sitrat/gliserol ve kitosan sitrat/poli (etilen glikol) karışım membranı çözücü döküm yöntemi ile hazırlandı. Sitrat iyonu çapraz bağlayıcı olarak, gliserol ve PEG ise esnekliği artırmak üzere kullanılmıştır. Porojen olarak sodium klorür kullanılarak gözenekli membranlar hazırlanmıştır. Bileşenlerin seçiminde biyouyumlu ve toksisiteden uzak maddeler olmasına özen gösterilmiştir. Membranların kimyasal yapıları FTIR spektrofotometresi tarafindan araştırılırken, yüzey morfolojisi SEM analizi ile incelenmiştir. Şişme kinetiği gravimetrik olarak takip edildi. Ağrı kesici ve anti-enflamatuar ajan olan Naproksen, membranların ilaç salınım özelliğini test etmek için model ilaç olarak kullanılmıştir.
Şişme, ilaç yükleme kapasitesi ve ilaç salımı özelliklerinin membranın gözenekli olup olmamasına ve komposizyonuna bağlı olarak değiştiği gözlemlenmiştir. Maksimum ilaç salınım yüzdesi, 0.5% w/v kitosan konsantrasyonlu membanlarda %25 iken 1% w/v kitosan konsantrasyonlu membanlarda %31’dir. Çalışılan membranlar ilk bir saat içinde patlama etkisi sergilemiştir. 1-6 saat süreleri arasında sıfırıncı derece kinetiğine uyan 1.2%/h - 0.99%/h aralığında doğrusal salınım gözlenmişken, örnek 7 için ise bu salınım 2-12 saatlerinde aralığında 0.41%/s değerindedir.
Anahtar Kelimeler: İlaç salımı, Çapraz bağlanma, Kitosan membranlar, Sitrat iyonu, Naproksen.enEastern Mediterranean University (EMU) - Doğu Akdeniz Üniversitesi (DAÜ)ChemistryDrug Delivery, Crosslinking, Chitosan Membrances, Citrate, NaproxenChitosan citrate membrances for naproxen deliveryThesisDepartment of Chemistry08 Faculty of Arts and SciencesTheses (Master's and Ph.D) – Chemistry
oai:i-rep.emu.edu.tr:11129/16082015-03-07T00:01:10Zhdl_11129_111Abdullah, Ardalan Jabbar2015-03-06T09:41:38Z2014-08Abdullah, Ardalan Jabbar. (2014). Removal of Methylene Blue from Aqueous Solution Using Untreated Palm Seeds Powder. Thesis (M.S.), Eastern Mediterranean University, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Dept. of Chemistry, Famagusta: North Cyprus.http://hdl.handle.net/11129/1608Master of Science in Chemistry. Thesis (M.S.)--Eastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Dept. of Chemistry, 2014. Supervisor: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Mustafa Gazi.ABSTRACT: This research aimed to investigate the potential of untreated palm seeds powder (PSP as an alternative and environmental friendly adsorbent for the treatment of dye-containing wastewater. PSP was applied to treat methylene blue (MB) simulated solutions, and various operation parameters were investigated under batch system. Kinetic and thermodynamic studies were investigated, pseudo second-order was observed to be the most suitable to describe the adsorption process. Values obtained from thermodynamic analysis show that the adsorption process is endothermic, spontaneous and chemisorptions in nature.
Keywords: Dye Removal, Dye Adsorption, Biomass, Palm Seed, Methylene Blue.
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ÖZ: Bu araştırmada, boya içeren atıksuların arıtılması için bir alternatif ve çevre dostu adsorban olarak işlenmemiş palmiye tohumu tozu (PSP) potansiyelinin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır.
PSP yapay metilen mavisi (MB) çözetisinin iylestirilmesi uygulaması, farklı uygulama sartlarında batch sistem altında incelenmistir. Kinetik ve termodinamik çalısma incelemeleri, yalancı ikinci-derecenin, adsorpsiyon prosesini tanımlayan en uygun gözlem olduğunu göstermistir. Termodinamik değerlerin analizi sonucu adsorpsiyon prosesinin endotermik, kendiliğinden ve doğal kimyasalsorpsiyon olduğunu göstermektedir.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Boya Giderimi, Boya Adsorpsiyonu, Biyokütle, Palmiye Tohumu, Metilen Mavisi.enEastern Mediterranean University (EMU) - Doğu Akdeniz Üniversitesi (DAÜ)ChemistryHazardous wastes - ManagementAdsorption - Environmental aspectsDye Removal, Dye Adsorption, Biomass, Palm Seed, Methylene BlueRemoval of Methylene Blue from Aqueous Solution Using Untreated Palm Seeds PowderThesisDepartment of Chemistry08 Faculty of Arts and SciencesTheses (Master's and Ph.D) – Chemistry
oai:i-rep.emu.edu.tr:11129/16472015-03-18T00:01:03Zhdl_11129_111Ahmad, Adnan R.2015-03-17T07:35:23Z2014-08Ahmad, Adnan R. (2014). Preparation of Activated Carbon from Artichoke Stem by ZnCl2 Activation: Application in Nickel(II) Adsorption from Aqueous Solution. Thesis (M.S.), Eastern Mediterranean University, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Dept. of Chemistry, Famagusta: North Cyprus.http://hdl.handle.net/11129/1647Master of Science in Chemistry. Thesis (M.S.)--Eastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Dept. of Chemistry, 2014. Supervisor: Assist. Prof. Dr. Mehmet Garip.ABSTRACT: Activated carbon is one of the most important industrial products due to its versatile applications. In this work, efficient activated carbon was produced and utilized for adsorption of nickel from simulated wastewater under varying operational parameters. The raw material (Artichoke) has been chemically modified by zinc chloride (ZnCl2) to improve its surface reactivity and enhance its adsorption capacity.
The adsorbent was characterized by the FTIR analysis. The experimental data were analyzed by adsorption isotherms and kinetic models. Langmuir equation proved to be suitable to explain the adsorption process and the experimental results fit well with the pseudo-second-order model.
The performance of the prepared artichoke-based activated carbon (AAC) suggests it can be used as low coast or cheap adsorbent for the treatment of water and removal of heavy metal ions from industrial effluents.
Keywords: Heavy metal ions, nickel, Activated carbon, Artichoke.
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ÖZ: Aktif karbon önemli bir sanayi ürünü olarak çok çeşitli alanlarda kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, yapay atık sulardan etkili bir şekilde nikeli arındırmakta kullanılmak üzere aktif karbon üretilmiş ve değişik şartlarda denenmiştir. Hammaddesi enginar olan aktif karbonun yüzeyi çinko klorür (ZnCl2) ile değiştirilerek reaktivitesi ve tutma kapasitesinin arttırılmaya çalışılmıştır.
Yüzey tutucu madde FTIR analiziyle karakterize edildi. Deneylerden elde edilen veriler tutma izotermleri ve kinetik modeller ile analiz edilmiştir. Langmuir denklemi tutma sürecini uygun bir şekilde açıklamaktadır ve deneysel sonuçlar pseudo-ikinci dereceden kinetik modeli ile uyumludur.
Enginardan hazırlanan bu aktif karbonun (AAC) performansı bu malzemenin düşük masraflı ve ucuz, atık sulardan ağır metal iyonlarının arındırılmasında kullanılabilecek bir tutucu olduğuna işaret etmektedir.
Anahtar kelimeler: Ağır metal iyonları, nikel, Aktif karbon, enginar.enEastern Mediterranean University (EMU) - Doğu Akdeniz Üniversitesi (DAÜ)ChemistryHeavy Metal Ions, Nickel, Activated Carbon, ArtichokePreparation of Activated Carbon from Artichoke Stem by ZnCl2 Activation: Application in Nickel(II) Adsorption from Aqueous SolutionThesisDepartment of Chemistry08 Faculty of Arts and SciencesTheses (Master's and Ph.D) – Chemistry
oai:i-rep.emu.edu.tr:11129/16942015-04-07T23:01:46Zhdl_11129_111Hawezy, Hawar Jalal Sadiq2015-04-07T10:36:45Z2014-07Hawezy, Hawar Jalal Sadiq . (2014). Surveying for Suspected DDT Contamination of Agricultural Soils in North Cyprus. Thesis (M.S.), Eastern Mediterranean University, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Dept. of Chemistry, Famagusta: North Cyprus.http://hdl.handle.net/11129/1694Master of Science in Chemistry. Thesis (M.S.)--Eastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Dept. of Chemistry, 2014. Supervisor: Assist. Prof. Dr. Mehmet Garip.ABSTRACt: DDT is a very potent and cheap pesticide which was once widely used indoors and outdoors for pest control and in agriculture to increase crops. It was used throughout the world until evidence began to accumulate during the 1960s and 1970s about its toxic effects, its spread through the food chain, as well as its persistence in the environment. Its use was banned almost worldwide, starting with USA in 1972. Although its sale and use still remain prohibited, Government agencies can use DDT in times of outbreaks or epidemics. The commercial DDT is a mixture of 4,4’-DDT and its various isomers and degradation products, namely 2,4’-DDT and smaller amounts of 4,4-DDD, 2,4-DDD, 4,4-DDE and another isomers. The generic name however is simply DDT. Although banned in North Cyprus since the early 1980s, occasionally reports appear in the media about DDT tainted produce or contaminated agricultural fields. Most recently, in 2012, reports appeared about DDT contaminated potatoes destined for export. It was claimed that although prevented from export, the potatoes were quietly marketed locally. Also the identity of land on which these potatoes were grown was never made public by the authorities. In this work we aimed to determine whether DDT contamination can be detected and measured accurately and precisely in agricultural soils in North Cyprus. Soil samples from five potato fields were taken. At the time of sampling the fields had not been planted yet, so only soil samples were taken. These samples were analysed for DDT residues by HPLC with DAD-UV absorbance measurement. In all the samples measurable amounts of the degradation product 4,4’DDE were determined.
Keywords: DDT, Soils, Malaria Control, Residues, Degradation, Environmental Contamination, HPLC.
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ÖZ: DDT çok etkili ve ucuz bir pestisit olarak haşerelere karşı açık ve kapalı mekânlarda ve ürün artırmak için tarımsal alanlarda geçmişte yaygın bir şekilde kullanılmıştı. Zararlı etkileri, gıda zinciri yoluyla canlılarda yayılması ve doğada dayanıklılığı hakkında 1960/70'li yıllarda bulgular ortaya çıkmaya başlayana kadar tüm dünyada kullanılmaktaydı. Kullanımı 1972de Amerika’daki yasak ile başlayarak dünyanı birçok ülkesinde yasaklandı. Kullanım ve satışı hala yasak olmasına rağmen, acil durumlarda Hükümet kuruluşları DDT kullanabilirler. Ticari DDT’nin ana maddesi 4,4'-DDT olmakla birlikte çeşitli izomerler ve bozunma ürünleri de içerir. Bunlar 2,4'-DDT, 4,4-DDD, 2,4-DDD, 4,4-DDE ve benzeri maddelerdir. Ancak tümü DDT olarak anılır. Kuzey Kıbrıs’ta 1980'li yılların başından bu yana yasak olmasına rağmen, basında DDT kalıntısı içeren tarım ürünleri veya tarım toprakları hakkında zaman zaman haberler çıkmaktadır. Örneğin, 2012 yılında, ihracat edilecek olan bazı patateslerde sınırların üstünde DDT tespit edildiği ve ihracatının durdurulduğu; ancak bu patateslerin imha edilmeyip ülke içinde tüketildiği haberi yayınlandı. Ayrıca bu patateslerin yetiştirildiği tarlanın nerde olduğu açıklanmadı. Bu çalışmada, Kuzey Kıbrıs tarım arazilerinde DDT kalıntılarının tespit ve ölçümünün doğru ve hassas bir şekilde yapılıp yapılamayacağını anlamak hedeflenmiştir. Bu hedef doğrultusunda beş patates yetiştirilen tarladan toprak örnekleri alınmıştır. Örnekleme tarihinde tarlalarda ekili ürün olmadığından sadece toprak örnekleri alınmıştır. Bu örneklerdeki DDT kalıntıları, HPLC cihazı ve DAD-UV emilme ölçümü yöntemiyle analiz edilmiştir. Bütün örneklerde bozunma ürünü 4,4 'DDE ölçülebilir miktarda tespit edilmiştir.
Anahtar: DDT, Topraklar, Sıtma Kontrolü, kalıntı, Degradasyon/bozunma, Çevre kirlenmesi, HPLC.enEastern Mediterranean University (EMU) - Doğu Akdeniz Üniversitesi (DAÜ)ChemistryPlants, Effect of DDT onSoils, Effect of DDT onInsecticides - Environmental aspects - Cyprus, NorthSoils - Agriculture - Toxicology - Cyprus, NorthDDT, Soils, Malaria Control, Residues, Degradation, Environmental Contamination, HPLCSurveying for Suspected DDT Contamination of Agricultural Soils in North CyprusThesisDepartment of Chemistry08 Faculty of Arts and SciencesTheses (Master's and Ph.D) – Chemistry
oai:i-rep.emu.edu.tr:11129/16962015-04-07T23:01:36Zhdl_11129_111Ismael, Fouad Jawad2015-04-07T11:23:21Z2014-08Ismael, Fouad. (2014). Surfactant Mediated Cadmium Determination with Dithizone in Aqueous Solution. Thesis (M.S.), Eastern Mediterranean University, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Dept. of Chemistry, Famagusta: North Cyprus.http://hdl.handle.net/11129/1696Master of Science in Chemistry. Thesis (M.S.)--Eastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Dept. of Chemistry, 2014. Supervisor: Assist. Prof. Dr. Mehmet Garip.ABSTRACT: Cadmium is a toxic and hazardous trace metal that has become a serious environmental pollutant since industrialization and intensive farming began in late 19th century. Although there are many established wet-chemical and instrumental methods for qualitative and quantitative determination of cadmium, most involve the formation of the Cd-dithizone complex in the presence of the highly toxic potassium cyanide which is then extracted into carcinogenic chlorinated organic solvents such as chloroform or carbon tetrachloride. The main purpose of this study was to see if a sensitive, simple, quick spectro-chemical method that utilizes safer and less toxic chemicals for cadmium analysis using dithizone could be developed. The results found so far are promising and indicate that in the presence of a chelating surfactant such as Deriphat-160C, the cadmium-dithizone complex in alkaline aqueous medium remains soluble and obeys Beers law in the micro molar Cd concentration range studied. The solutions prepared for spectroscopic measurement did not require KCN nor was it necessary to extract the complex in to chlorinated organic solvents.
Keywords: Dithizone, Cadmium, surfactant, spectrophotometric, Deriphat 160C.
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ÖZ: Kadmiyum zehirli ve zararlı bir ağır metal olarak 19. Yüzyılın başlarında sanayileşme ve yoğun tarıma geçiş ile etrafa yayılarak ciddi bir çevre kirleticisi haline gelmiştir. Kadmiyumunnitel ve nicel tayini için birçok kimyasal ve enstrümantal yöntemler olmasına rağmen, çoğu zaman bu yöntemlerde çok zehirli potasyum siyanür içeren ortamda kadmiyumun-dithizone kompleksinin oluşması ve bu kompleksin kloroform ve karbon tetraklorür gibi kanserojen klorlu organik çözücü içine alınmaları gerekmektedir. Bu çalışmanın temel amacı kadmiyumu dithizone kullanarak tayin etmek için hassas, basit, hızlı güvenli ve daha az zehirli ve zararlı kimyasallar maddelerin kullanıldığı bir spektroskopi-kimyasal yöntem geliştirmekti. Burada rapor edilen sonuçlar ümit verici olup, Deriphat-160 isimli yüzey aktif madde içeren bazik sulu bir ortamda kadmiyum-dithizonekompleksinin çökmeden oluşturulabildiğini ve incelenen Cdmikromolarderişim aralığında kompleksin Beer’syasasına uyduğunu göstermektedir. Spektroskopik ölçümü için hazırlanan çözeltilerde ne siyanür kullanılmasına gerek olmuş ne de oluşan kompleksi klorlanmış organik çözücüler için alınmaları gerekmemiştir.
Anahtar kelimeler: dithizone, kadmiyum, yüzeyaktif, spektrofotometrik, Deriphat-160C.enEastern Mediterranean University (EMU) - Doğu Akdeniz Üniversitesi (DAÜ)ChemistryCadmium - ToxicityDithizone, Cadmium, Surfactant, Spectrophotometric, Deriphat 160CSurfactant Mediated Cadmium Determination with Dithizone in Aqueous SolutionThesisDepartment of Chemistry08 Faculty of Arts and SciencesTheses (Master's and Ph.D) – Chemistry
oai:i-rep.emu.edu.tr:11129/17032015-04-13T23:01:07Zhdl_11129_111Salih, Shameran Jamal2015-04-13T12:32:45Z2014-07Salih, Shameran Jamal. (2014). Removal of Basic Dyes from Aqueous Solution by Chloroacetic Acid Modified Ferula Communis Based Adsorbent: Thermodynamic and Kinetic Studies. Thesis (M.S.), Eastern Mediterranean University, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Dept. of Chemistry, Famagusta: North Cyprus.http://hdl.handle.net/11129/1703Master of Science in Chemistry. Thesis (M.S.)--Eastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Dept. of Chemistry, 2014. Supervisor: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Mustafa Gazi.ABSTRACT: This research aimed to propose an alternative cheap and abundantly available adsorbent (Ferula communis) for the removal of basic dyes from aqueous solutions. Chloroacetic acid modified Ferula communis (MFC) shows a great potential for the removal of basic red 9 dyes (BR9) from aqueous solution with the effects of solution capacity under pH, temperature, contact time, adsorbent dosage, and initial dye concentration condition on BR9 removal were examined. The adsorption equilibrium data were fitt to adsorption isotherm models and the pseudo-second order adsorption kinetics provides the best description of BR9 adsorption onto MFC. Thermodynamic evaluation of the adsorption parameters showed that the adsorption is endothermic and spontaneous. The experimental outcomes in the present research elucidated that MFC is suitable alternative to remove basic dyes. Keywords: Ferula communis, Basic red 9, Adsorption, Kinetics, Thermodynamic studies.
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ÖZ: Bu araştırmanın amacı, sulu çözeltilerden bazik boyaların uzaklaştırılması için alternatif ucuz ve bol miktarda bulunabilen bir adsorban (Ferula communis) önermektir. Kloroasetik asit fonksiyonlandırılmıs Ferula communis (MFC), farklı pH, sıcaklık, temas süresi, adsorban bir dozaj ve ilk boya konsantrasyonu koşulları altında çözelti kapasitesinin etkileri ile sulu çözeltiden bazik kırmızı 9 (BR9) boyasının ortadan kaldırılması için önemli bir potansiyel göstermektedir. Adsorpsiyon denge verileri adsorpsiyon izotermi modellerine uygunlugu ve yalancı-ikinci derece adsorpsiyon kinetigi, MFC üzerine BR9 adsorpsiyonunu açıklamaktadır. Adsorpsiyon parametrelerin termodinamik olarak değerlendirilmesi, adsorpsiyonun endotermik ve kendiliğinden olduğunu göstermiştir. Mevcut araştırmadaki deneysel sonuçlar, MFC in bazik boyaların giderimi için uygun bir alternatif olduğunu göstermektedir.
AnahtarKelimeler: Ferula communis, Bazik Kirmizi 9, Adsorpsiyon, Kinetik, Termodinamik calisma.enEastern Mediterranean University (EMU) - Doğu Akdeniz Üniversitesi (DAÜ)ChemistryFerula Communis, Basic red 9, Adsorption, Kinetics, Thermodynamic studiesRemoval of Basic Dyes from Aqueous Solution by Chloroacetic Acid Modified Ferula Communis Based Adsorbent: Thermodynamic and Kinetic StudiesThesisDepartment of Chemistry08 Faculty of Arts and SciencesTheses (Master's and Ph.D) – Chemistry
oai:i-rep.emu.edu.tr:11129/26762016-05-24T23:00:29Zhdl_11129_111Gazi, MustafaReesh, Mosab Abu2016-05-24T09:40:48Z2015-092015-09Reesh, Mosab Abu. (2015). Glucose Responsive Hydrogels: Synthesis and Investigation of the Biomedical Applications. Thesis (Ph.D.), Eastern Mediterranean University, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Dept. of Chemistry, Famagusta: North Cyprus.http://hdl.handle.net/11129/2676Doctor of Philosophy in Chemistry. Thesis (Ph.D.)--Eastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Dept. of Chemistry, 2015. Supervisor: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Mustafa Gazi.The growing rate of diabetes mellitus (DM) has called for urgent concern among researchers and expert in the field of drug delivery. Hence, the present work synthesized pH and glucose-sensitive hydrogels with promising antibacterial applications. The hydrogel (CS─PVA) was synthesized via boric acid crosslinking and freeze-thawing cycle techniques. The surface chemistry of CS─PVA hydrogel was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.
The hydrogel displayed high glucose-sensitivity under physiological conditions, and its sensitivity was noticed to increase in the presence of varied glucose concentrations. Additionally, the swelling and drug loading behavior of the hydrogel was influenced by the pH of the medium. Under optimized conditions, the cumulative drug releases ranged between 33─86% for bovine serum albumin and 39─92% for insulin at 37°C in PBS solutions and in the presence of glucose. The synthesized hydrogel exhibited excellent antibacterial activity and was found to reduce the growth of E.coli (gram negative) bacterial by 86.5%.
Keywords: Chitosan; glucose sensitivity; drug delivery; antibacterial; hydrogels; swelling; optimization.ÖZ:
Diabetes mellitus‟un (DM) büyüme hızı, ilaç taşınımı alanındaki uzman ve araştırmacılara acilen ihtiyaç çağrısında bulunmaktadır. Bu nedenle, bu çalışmada umut verici antibakteriyel uygulamalara sahip, pH ve glukoz-duyarlı hidrojeller sentezlenmiştir. Hidrojel (CS─PVA), çapraz bağlayıcı borik asit ve donma-çözülme döngüsü teknikleri ile sentezlenmiştir. CS─PVA hidrojelinin yüzey kimyası taramalı elektron mikroskobu ve Fourier kızılötesi spektroskopi ile teyit edilmiştir.
Hidrojel fizyolojik koşullar altında, yüksek glukoz duyarlılığı göstermekte ve artan glukoz konsantrasyonları varlığındaki duyarlılığı gelişme göstermektedir. Ayrıca, hidrojel şişme ve ilaç yükleme davranışı ortamının pH etkilenmektedir. Optimum koşullar altında, kümülatif ilaç serbest salınım değerleri glikoz varlığında, bovin serum albümin için 37°C'de %33─86 ve PBS içinde çözeltiler de insülin için %39─92 aralığında değişmektedir. Sentezlenmiş hidrojel mükemmel bir antibakteriye aktivite sergilemiş ve bakteriyel büyümede % 86,5 E.coli (gram negatif) azalmasına yol açtığı saptanmıştır.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Kitosan; glikoz duyarlılığı; ilaç taşınımı; antibakteriyel; hidrojel; şişme; optimizasyon.engEastern Mediterranean University (EMU) - Doğu Akdeniz Üniversitesi (DAÜ)info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessChemistryChitosan; glucose sensitivity; drug delivery; antibacterial; hydrogels; swelling; optimizationClucose - ChemistryGlucose Responsive Hydrogels: Synthesis and Investigation of the Biomedical ApplicationsdoctoralThesisEastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Chemistry.Department of Chemistry08 Faculty of Arts and SciencesTheses (Master's and Ph.D) – Chemistry
oai:i-rep.emu.edu.tr:11129/26422016-05-18T19:18:13Zhdl_11129_781Yurtsever, ErsinYılmaz, OsmanShillady, D.D2016-05-18T19:18:13Z1982Yurtsever, E., Yilmaz, O., & Shillady, D. D. (1982). STURMIAN BASIS MATRIX
SOLUTION OF VIBRATIONAL POTENTIALS.0009-2614http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0009-2614(82)83472-6http://hdl.handle.net/11129/2642Due to copyright restrictions, the access to the publisher version (published version) of this article is only available via subscription. You may click URI and have access to the Publisher Version of this article through the publisher web site or online databases, if your Library or institution has subscription to the related journal or publication.An efficient basis set for use with the Harris, Engerholm and Gwinn solution of one-dimensional vibrational potentials has been derived from centrosymmetric sturmian Laguerre functions using the l = 0 condition. Six-figure accuracy is achieved for n bound levels of the Morse and Fues potentials using 4n sturmian functions. With simple formulas and sparse arrays, convergence to all bound levels is achieved.engElsevier10.1016/0009-2614(82)83472-6info:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccessSturmian Basis Matrix Solution of Vibrational PotentialsarticleChemical Physics LettersEastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Art & Sciences, Department of ChemstiryTR7129TR218420851111116Department of Chemistry08 Faculty of Arts and SciencesCHEM – Journal Articles: Publisher & Author Versions (Post-Print Author Versions) – Chemistry
oai:i-rep.emu.edu.tr:11129/26392016-05-18T19:01:42Zhdl_11129_781Yılmaz, ElvanAdalı, TülayYılmaz, Osman2016-05-18T19:01:42Z2007-01Grafting of poly(triethylene glycol dimethacrylate) onto chitosan by ceric ion initation. Reactive and functional polymers.1381-5148 (print)1873-166X (online)http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2006.08.003http://hdl.handle.net/11129/2639Due to copyright restrictions, the access to the publisher version (published version) of this article is only available via subscription. You may click URI and have access to the Publisher Version of this article through the publisher web site or online databases, if your Library or institution has subscription to the related journal or publication.Grafting of poly(triethylene glycol dimethacrylate) (poly(TriEGDMA)), onto chitosan by ceric ion initiation has been investigated. The grafting conditions were optimized by studying the effect of monomer and initiator concentrations as well as time and temperature. Products with lower grafting yields (90–261%) were water and acid soluble. Those with higher grafting yields (350–868%) were insoluble, indicating a cross linked structure. Chitosan-graft- poly(TriEGDMA) products had a lower thermal stability than chitosan as revealed by DSC analysis. C-13 NMR and FTIR analyses suggested a grafting mechanism that proceeds via oxidation and chain scission of chitosan. The products are degraded by the enzymes lysozyme, lipase and α-amylase–protease.engElsevier10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2006.08.003info:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccessCerium ammonium nitrateCopolymerizationWater soluble; Cross linking; OxidationGrafting of poly(triethylene glycol dimethacrylate) onto chitosan by ceric ion initiationarticleReactive and Functional PolymersEastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Art & Sciences, Department of ChemstiryTR216575TR2184206711018Department of Chemistry08 Faculty of Arts and SciencesCHEM – Journal Articles: Publisher & Author Versions (Post-Print Author Versions) – Chemistry
oai:i-rep.emu.edu.tr:11129/26642016-05-20T19:10:57Zhdl_11129_459Abureesh, Mosab AliOladipo, Akeem AdeyemiGazi, Mustafa2016-05-20T19:10:57Z2015-05-06Abureesh MA, Oladipo AA, Gazi M “ Facile synthesis of glucose-sensitive-poly(vinyl alcohol) hydroge: drug release optimization and swelling properties” International journal of Biological Macromolecules DOI:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.10.0010141-8130 (print)1879-0003 (online)http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.10.001http://hdl.handle.net/11129/2664Due to copyright restrictions, the access to the publisher version (published version) of this article is only available via subscription. You may click URI and have access to the Publisher Version of this article through the publisher web site or online databases, if your Library or institution has subscription to the related journal or publication.The study describes the development of glucose-sensitive hydrogel and optimization of bovine serum albumin release profile from the hydrogel. To enhance the glucose sensitivity and improve the swelling behaviors ofthe hydrogel system, boric acid crosslinking, and freeze-thawing cycle techniques were used to prepare chitosan–poly(vinyl alcohol) hydrogel. The structure of the resultant hydrogel was confirmed
by scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The experimental results revealed that the swelling of the hydrogel was influenced by the pH of the medium, and the hydrogel displayed explicit glucose-sensitivity under physiological conditions. The values of the diffusion exponent range between 0.34 and 0.44 and the diffusion of water into the gel system are assumed to be pseudo-Fickian in nature. Under optimized conditions, the cumulative Bovine serum albumin (BSA) drug releases ranged between 69.33 ± 1.95% and 86.45 ± 1.16% at 37 ◦C in the presence of glucose and pH 7.4, respectively.engElsevier10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.10.001info:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccessChitosanPVAGlucose response hydrogelsDrug releaseOptimizationFacile synthesis of glucose-sensitive chitosan–poly(vinyl alcohol) hydrogel: Drug release optimization and swelling propertiesarticleInternational Journal of Biological MacromoleculesEastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Art and Science, Department of ChemistryTR21657816Department of Chemistry08 Faculty of Arts and SciencesCHEM – Journal Articles: Pre-Prints (Pre-Refereeing Author Versions) – Chemistry
oai:i-rep.emu.edu.tr:11129/26682016-05-21T09:29:38Zhdl_11129_781Oladipo, Akeem AdeyemiGazi, Mustafa2016-05-21T09:29:38Z2015-12-07Oladipo A., Gazi M. “Uptake of Ni2+ and rhodamine B by nano hydroxyapatite/alginate composite beads: batch and continuous-flow systems” Toxicological and environmental chemistry 11/2015; DOI:10.1080/02772248.2015.11155060277-2248 (print)1029-0486 (online)http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02772248.2015.1115506http://hdl.handle.net/11129/2668Due to copyright restrictions, the access to the publisher version (published version) of this article is only available via subscription. You may click URI and have access to the Publisher Version of this article through the publisher web site or online databases, if your Library or institution has subscription to the related journal or publication.Alginate encapsulated nano-hydroxyapatite beads were synthesized and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Brunauer Emmett Teller surface analysis, and X-ray diffraction. Their adsorptive potential for Ni2C and rhodamine B was explored in batch mode and by fixed-bed column passage. In the batch system, maximum uptake capacity for Ni2C was 360 mg g¡1 and 480 mg g¡1 for rhodamine B. In the presence of humic acid, sorption was enhanced. For the continuous-flow system, adsorption was effective at low flow rate. For both pollutants, mass transport resistance increased during adsorption. The overall rates of rhodamine B and Ni2C uptake were found to be controlled by external mass transfer.engTaylor & Francis10.1080/02772248.2015.1115506info:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccessalginatenano-hydroxyapatiteheavy metal removalbasic dyecomposite beadshumic acidUptake of Ni2+ and rhodamine B by nanohydroxyapatite/alginate composite beads: batch and continuous-flow systemsarticleToxicological and Environmental ChemistryEastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Art and Science, Department of ChemistryTR216578982189203Department of Chemistry08 Faculty of Arts and SciencesCHEM – Journal Articles: Publisher & Author Versions (Post-Print Author Versions) – Chemistry
oai:i-rep.emu.edu.tr:11129/26702016-05-21T09:37:55Zhdl_11129_781Oladipo, Akeem AdeyemiAli Abureesh, MosabGazi, Mustafa2016-05-21T09:37:55Z2015-08-28Oladipo AA, Abureesh MA, Gazi M “ Bifunctional composite from spent Cyprus coffee for tetracycline removal and phenol degradation: Solar-Fenton process and artificial neuron network” International journal of Biological Macromolecules DOI:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.08.0540141-8130http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.08.054#sthash.5JhVUCk1.dpufhttp://hdl.handle.net/11129/2670Due to copyright restrictions, the access to the publisher version (published version) of this article is only available via subscription. You may click URI and have access to the Publisher Version of this article through the publisher web site or online databases, if your Library or institution has subscription to the related journal or publication.Removals of tetracycline and photocatalytic degradation of phenol by Fe3O4/coffee residue (MCC) were investigated. Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) and Boehm titration were employed to characterize MCC. Artificial neural network (ANN) model was developed to predict the tetracycline (TC) concentration in the column effluent. Maximum tetracycline adsorption capacity of
285.6 mg/g was observed in a batch system. High removal efficiency (87%) was obtained at 3.3 mL/min flow rate, 8.0 cm bed height and 50 mg/L influent TC concentration in a column system. Complete degradation of phenol by solar-Fenton was attained at 60 min irradiation time. Total organic carbon (TOC) removal increased to 63.3% in the presence of 1.0 g/L MCC, 1.2 g/L H2O2 and solar irradiation. MCC showed remarkable potential to remove antibiotics from wastewater even in the presence of heavy metal (Ni2+) via magnetic separation.engElsevier10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.08.054info:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccessCoffee residueAntibioticsMagnetic separationFixed-bed PhenolArtificial neural networkBifunctional composite from spent “Cyprus coffee” for tetracycline removal and phenol degradation: Solar-Fenton process and artificial neural networkarticleInternational Journal of Biological MacromoleculesEastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Art and Science, Department of ChemistryTR216578111Department of Chemistry08 Faculty of Arts and SciencesCHEM – Journal Articles: Publisher & Author Versions (Post-Print Author Versions) – Chemistry
oai:i-rep.emu.edu.tr:11129/26712016-05-21T09:40:57Zhdl_11129_781Oladipo, Akeem AdeyemiGazi, MustafaYilmaz, Elvan2016-05-21T09:40:57Z2015-12Oladipo AA, Gazi M, Yilmaz E. “Single and binary adsorption of azo and antraquinone dyes by chitosan based hydrogel: Selective factor and Box-Bahnken process design” Chemical Engineering Research and Design (2015) 104(C) 264-279.0263-8762http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1016/j.cherd.2015.08.018http://hdl.handle.net/11129/2671Due to copyright restrictions, the access to the publisher version (published version) of this article is only available via subscription. You may click URI and have access to the Publisher Version of this article through the publisher web site or online databases, if your Library or institution has subscription to the related journal or publication.Comparative removal of two cationic dyes, Basic Green 4 (BG4) and Basic Yellow 28 (BY28), by chemically modified nanoclay was optimized using the central composite design. The chemically modified nanoclay was characterized by SEM, EDX, FTIR, XRD and BET techniques. The average crystal size of nanoclay was about 16.5 nm. The accuracy of the model and regression coefficients was appraised by employing the analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results revealed a good agreement between the predicted values, as obtained by the model, and the experimental values for both BG4 (R2 = 0.960) and BY28 (R2 = 0.927). The optimum conditions proposed by central composite design to reach the maximum dye removal through adsorption process. Under the optimum conditions, the removal efficiency of BG4 and BY28 were 82.35% and 98.78%, respectively. For BG4 and BY28, the pH of solution and adsorbent dosage were found to be the key factors that controlled dye adsorption, respectively.engElsevier10.1016/j.cherd.2015.08.018info:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccessCationic dyesExperimental designOptimizationModified nanoclayAdsorptionSingle and binary adsorption of azo and anthraquinone dyes by chitosan-based hydrogel: Selectivity factor and Box-Behnken process designarticleChemical Engineering Research and DesignEastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Art and Science, Department of ChemistryTR216578104264279Department of Chemistry08 Faculty of Arts and SciencesCHEM – Journal Articles: Publisher & Author Versions (Post-Print Author Versions) – Chemistry
oai:i-rep.emu.edu.tr:11129/27902016-06-21T10:17:57Zhdl_11129_781Oladipo, Akeem AdeyemiGazi, Mustafa2016-06-21T10:17:57Z2015-09Oladipo AA, Gazi M “Two-stage batch sorber design and optimization of biosorption conditions by Taguchi methodology for the removal of acid red 25 onto magnetic biomass” Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering . (2015) 32 (9), 1864-1870256-1115 (print)1975-7220 (online)http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11814-015-0001-6http://hdl.handle.net/11129/2790Due to copyright restrictions, the access to the publisher version (published version) of this article is only available via subscription. You may click URI and have access to the Publisher Version of this article through the publisher web site or online databases, if your Library or institution has subscription to the related journal or publication.Biomagnetic material (MFC) was synthesized via simple co-precipitation and used as biosorbent for the removal of acid red 25 (AR25) under optimized conditions. The characteristics of MFC were studied using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), Boehm titration and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Optimum removal of AR25 was achieved at pH=5.0. The equilibrium data were well described by the Sips and Freundlich models. Taguchi methodology was employed to optimize the biosorption experiments. 411.56 mg/g and 96.8% were obtained as the biosorption capacity and removal efficiency, respectively, at the optimum conditions of ionic strength (0.5 M), influent volume (300 L) and MFC dosage (4 g). The contact time for removal of 96% AR25 in two-stage batch system is 400.8 min which is lower than the single-stage treatment process (895 min).engSpringer Verlag (Germany)10.1007/s11814-015-0001-6info:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccessBiosorption OptimizationFerula CommunisTaguchi MethodologyTwo-stage Batch SorberKineticsAcidic DyesTwo-stage batch sorber design and optimization of biosorption conditions by Taguchi methodology for the removal of acid red 25 onto magnetic biomassarticleKorean Journal of Chemical EngineeringEastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of ChemistryTR21657832918641878Department of Chemistry08 Faculty of Arts and SciencesCHEM – Journal Articles: Publisher & Author Versions (Post-Print Author Versions) – Chemistry
oai:i-rep.emu.edu.tr:11129/27952016-06-21T10:54:57Zhdl_11129_781Saber-Samandari, SamanehGazi, Mustafa2016-06-21T10:54:57Z2015-06Samandari SS, Gazi M “Pullulan based porous semi-IPN hydrogel: Synthesis, characterization and its application in the removal of mercury from aqueous solution” Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers. (2015) 51, 143-1511876-1070http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtice.2015.01.013http://hdl.handle.net/11129/2795Due to copyright restrictions, the access to the publisher version (published version) of this article is only available via subscription. You may click URI and have access to the Publisher Version of this article through the publisher web site or online databases, if your Library or institution has subscription to the related journal or publication.A pullulan-graft-polyacrylamide semi-IPN hydrogel was prepared by free radical polymerization and became porous by the incorporation of calcium carbonate and a subsequent acid treatment. The product was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermal gravimetric analysis, and optical microscopy to confirm the formation of porous hydrogels. In addition, the effect of several variables such as monomer, crosslinker, initiator and porogen concentration on swelling ratio and porosity of hydrogels was explored. The maximum porosity and swelling capacity in the optimized conditions were found to be 96.5% and 3089%, respectively. The prepared hydrogel was utilized as a selective adsorbent of Hg(II) ions from an aqueous solution with fast and high removal efficiency. The mercury sorption capacity under non-buffered conditions is achieved 8.6 mmol/g in the first 90 min via colorimetric method. The mechanism of adsorption was well presented using a pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Furthermore, the isothermal adsorption equilibrium data were fitted to Freundlich model. Finally, the mercury-loaded hydrogel was regenerated without losing its original activity and stability.engElsevier10.1016/j.jtice.2015.01.013info:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccessAdsorptionPolymer gelSemi-IPNSmart polymerMercury removalPullulan based porous semi-IPN hydrogel: Synthesis, characterization and its application in the removal of mercury from aqueous solutionarticleJournal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical EngineersEastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of ChemistryTR21657851143151Department of Chemistry08 Faculty of Arts and SciencesCHEM – Journal Articles: Publisher & Author Versions (Post-Print Author Versions) – Chemistry
oai:i-rep.emu.edu.tr:11129/27932016-06-21T10:35:26Zhdl_11129_781Saber-Samandari, SamanehGülcan, Hayrettin OzanSaber-Samandari, SaeedGazi, Mustafa2016-06-21T10:35:26Z2014-10-24Samandari SS, Gulcan HO, Saber-Samandari S, Gazi M “Efficient Removal of Anionic and Cationic Dyes from an Aqueous Solution Using Pullulan-graft-Polyacrylamide Porous Hydrogel” Water, Air, & Soil Pollution (2014) 225 (11), 1-140049-6979 (print)1573-2932 (online)http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1007/s11270-014-2177-5http://hdl.handle.net/11129/2793Due to copyright restrictions, the access to the publisher version (published version) of this article is only available via subscription. You may click URI and have access to the Publisher Version of this article through the publisher web site or online databases, if your Library or institution has subscription to the related journal or publication.A pullulan-graft-polyacrylamide porous hydrogel was prepared by radical polymerization in the presence of a crosslinking agent (N,N′-methylenebisacrylamide). Then, the swelling behavior of the hydrogel and the kinetics of swelling were investigated. The novel synthesized hydrogel was used as an adsorbent for removal of dyes from aqueous solutions. In this study, methylene blue (MB) and reactive blue 2 (RB) were selected as representative cationic and anionic dyes, respectively. The synthesized porous hydrogel exhibited excellent adsorption ability for both dyes. Various experimental conditions affecting the dye adsorption were explored to achieve maximum removal of both dye molecules. In addition, kinetic, thermodynamic, and adsorption isotherm models were employed to describe the dye adsorption process. The results indicated that the prepared hydrogel is an efficient adsorbent for dyes and possesses the ability to be regenerated without losing its original activity and stability for water treatment applications.engSpringer Verlag (Germany)10.1007/s11270-014-2177-5info:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccessDye adsorptionPorous hydrogelPullulanAcrylamideWater treatmentEfficient Removal of Anionic and Cationic Dyes from an Aqueous Solution Using Pullulan-graft-Polyacrylamide Porous HydrogelarticleWater, Air, and Soil PollutionEastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of ChemistryTR21657822511114Department of Chemistry08 Faculty of Arts and SciencesCHEM – Journal Articles: Publisher & Author Versions (Post-Print Author Versions) – Chemistry
oai:i-rep.emu.edu.tr:11129/27042016-05-25T20:14:11Zhdl_11129_781Oladipo, Akeem AdeyemiGazi, Mustafa2016-05-25T20:14:11Z2015-02Oladipo AA, Gazi M “Microwaves initiated synthesis of activated carbon-based composite hydrogel for simultaneous removal of copper (II) ions and direct red 80 dye: A multi-component adsorption system” Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers (2014) 47, 125–1361876-1070http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtice.2014.09.027http://hdl.handle.net/11129/2704Due to copyright restrictions, the access to the publisher version (published version) of this article is only available via subscription. You may click URI and have access to the Publisher Version of this article through the publisher web site or online databases, if your Library or institution has subscription to the related journal or publication.We present a novel microwave initiated preparation of polyacrylamide/activated carbon hydrogel (PAAm-FAc) in this article and characterized by FT-IR, pHzpc and Boehm titration. The adsorbent was assessed for competitive adsorption of copper(II) and direct red 80 from a binary mixture in a single-staged batch process as a function of volume of binary mixture/mass of adsorbent (V0/M0) ratio at varying orders of second pollutant concentration. A competitive, multi-component Langmuir isotherm was used to express the adsorption process and the model was applied for calculating adsorbed or equilibrium individual pollutant concentration (Cad,eq,i or Ceq,i) at a fixed V0/M0 ratio for a combination of pollutants in a batch reactor. The data obtained indicated that the decrease of V0/M0 ratio with the addition of second pollutant influenced the amount of copper or direct red 80 removed. The prepared adsorbent is efficient and useful in multi-component adsorption system.engElsevier10.1016/j.jtice.2014.09.027info:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccessFerula communisCopperCompetitive adsorptionDirect red 80Microwave radiationMicrowaves initiated synthesis of activated carbon-based composite hydrogel for simultaneous removal of copper(II) ions and direct red 80 dye: A multi-component adsorption systemarticleJournal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical EngineersEastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Arts and Science, Department of ChemistryTR21657847125136Department of Chemistry08 Faculty of Arts and SciencesCHEM – Journal Articles: Publisher & Author Versions (Post-Print Author Versions) – Chemistry
oai:i-rep.emu.edu.tr:11129/26662016-05-21T09:22:42Zhdl_11129_781Oladipo, Akeem AdeyemiGazi, Mustafa2016-05-21T09:22:01Z2014-12-17Oladipo AA, Gazi M “Fixed-bed column sorption of borate onto pomegranate seed powder-PVA beads: a response surface methodology approach” Toxicological & Environmental Chemistry (2014) 96 (6), 837-8480277-2248 (print)1029-0486 (online)http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1080/02772248.2014.989854http://hdl.handle.net/11129/2666Due to copyright restrictions, the access to the publisher version (published version) of this article is only available via subscription. You may click URI and have access to the Publisher Version of this article through the publisher web site or online databases, if your Library or institution has subscription to the related journal or publication.Pomegranate seed powder (PS) was functionalized with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and utilized for boron removal from the aqueous system. Results of Brunauer--Emmett--Teller (BET) surface area analysis and Boehm titration indicated notable decrease in total surface area and increase in acidic surface functional groups of PS after PVA modification. Enhanced sorption is indicative of complex formation between diol groups of the pomegranate seed powder--polyvinyl alcohol (PS–PVA) and borate ions. Under column test, the saturated sorption capacity of boron was noted to be dependent on flow rate and bed height. The developed central composite design (CCD) was adequate to elucidate the sorption mechanism. Mathematical modeling of the column data was conducted, and a modified-dose-response model was the most suitable to describe the breakthrough curve and observed to be consistent with CCD analysis. This is further supported by extensive error analyses conducted between the model predicted and experimental data.engTaylor & Francis10.1080/02772248.2014.989854info:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccesspomegranate seedpolyvinyl alcoholboron removalCCDcolumn studiesFixed-bed column sorption of borate onto pomegranate seed powder-PVA beads: a response surface methodology approacharticleToxicological and Environmental ChemistryEastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Art and Science, Department of ChemistryTR216578966837848Department of Chemistry08 Faculty of Arts and SciencesCHEM – Journal Articles: Publisher & Author Versions (Post-Print Author Versions) – Chemistry
oai:i-rep.emu.edu.tr:11129/28012016-06-23T23:00:35Zhdl_11129_111Garip, MehmetKhaleal, Wihad Mohamed Hussain2016-06-23T10:40:10Z2015-092015Khaleal, Wihad Mohamed Hussain. (2015). Isolation, Identification and Quantification of Essential Oils in Cyprus and Anatolia Thyme . Thesis (M.S.), Eastern Mediterranean University, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Dept. of Chemistry, Famagusta: North Cyprus.http://hdl.handle.net/11129/2801Master of Science in Chemistry. Thesis (M.S.)--Eastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Dept. of Chemistry, 2015. Co-Supervisor: Assist. Prof. Dr. Aybike Yektaoğlu, Supervisor: Assist. Prof. Dr. Mehmet Garip.In this study our aim was to extract, identify and quantify the essential oils in locally obtained thyme samples grown in Cyprus and Anatolia. The samples comprised three Cypriot specimens, one of which grew wild and two of which were grown commercially; and two commercially grown Anatolian samples. All the specimens were obtained as the dry herb. The essential oils from these were isolated by hydrodistillation using a Clevenger type Apparatus. Analyses were carried out by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. In the extracts, up to 45 different constituents could be identified which accounted for about 95% of the total essential oils extracted. The major constituents in all the samples were found to be carvacrol (about 90 % of the total) and p-cymene (around 3 %). We can therefore predict the chemotype of our five samples as carvacrol but exactly which species they are requires further botanical identification. The higher yields of essential oils were obtained from the Cyprus specimens, the highest being from the wild Cyprus thyme.
Keywords: Carvacrol, Clevenger-type Apparatus, essential oils, Gas Chromatography- Mass Spectrometry, Thyme.ÖZ;
Bu çalışmanın amacı Kıbrıs ve Anadolu‟da yetişen ve yerel olarak temin edilen bazı kekik örneklerindeki uçucu yağların damıtma yoluyla elde edilmeleri ve içeriklerinin ne olduğunu ve her bir maddeden ne kadar olduğunu tespit etmektir. Çalışılan örneklerin üçü Kıbrıs‟ta, ikisi ise Anadolu‟da yetişmiştir. Temin edilen tüm örnekler kurutulmuş haldeydi. Uçucu yağlar Clevenger tipi bir sulu-damıtma düzeneği ile damıtılarak elde edildi. Analizler Gaz Kromatografi – Kütle Spektroskopisi ile gerçekleştirildi. Elde edilen uçucu yağlarda toplamın yüzde 95‟ini oluşturan 45 farklı madde tanımlandı. Tüm örneklerde, uçucu yağın çoğunluğunu oluşturan madde karvakrol (takriben 90 %) olarak tespit edilirken ikinci sıradaki madde p-cymene (takriben 3 %) oldu. Bu sonuçlara göre beş örneğimizin kimotipinin karvakrol olarak tanımlanması gerekeceğini düşünüyoruz. Ancak nihai isimlendirme örneklerimizin öncelikle botanik olarak tür ve cinsinin tanımlanması ile mümkün olacaktır. En çok uçucu yağ miktarı Kıbrıs kekik örneklerinden elde edilmiştir.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Karvakrol, Clevenger-tipi cihaz, uçucu yağlar, Gaz Kromatografi-Kütle Spektroskopisi, Kekik.engEastern Mediterranean University (EMU) - Doğu Akdeniz Üniversitesi (DAÜ)info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessChemistryEssential Oils - Herbs - Thyme - ChemistryThyeme - Cyprus - Turkey - AnatoliaCarvacrolClevenger-type Apparatusessential oilsGas Chromatography - Mass SpectrometryThymeIsolation, Identification and Quantification of Essential Oils in Cyprus and Anatolia ThymemasterThesisEastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Dept. of ChemistryDepartment of Chemistry08 Faculty of Arts and SciencesTheses (Master's and Ph.D) – Chemistry
oai:i-rep.emu.edu.tr:11129/28132016-06-29T23:00:32Zhdl_11129_111Yılmaz, ElvanBirjandi, Elahe Malaki2016-06-29T08:10:30Z2013-072013Birjandi, Elahe Malaki. (2013). A Miscibility study on pullulan/poly (Ethylene Glycol) blends . Thesis (M.S.), Eastern Mediterranean University, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Dept. of Chemistry, Famagusta: North Cyprus.http://hdl.handle.net/11129/2813Master of Science in Chemistry. Thesis (M.S.)--Eastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Dept. of Chemistry, 2013. Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Elvan Yılmaz.Miscibility of pullulan and poly(ethylene glycol) in aqueous solution has been
determined by dilute solution viscometry. Blends of different compositions (100/0,
80/20, 50/50, 20/80, 0/100) with respect to pullulan/poly(ethylene glycol) have been
prepared. Huggins plots of each homopolymer and polymer blend have been determined
in aqueous solution at 25, 30 and 40 0C temperatures. From the data obtained from
Huggins plots the miscibility parameters Δb, α, and μ have been calculated. The
miscibility of polymers in a ternary system is measured by these parameters which are
related to the slope of the Huggins’s plot and the intrinsic viscosities of the polymers and
the polymer mixtures. In addition to solution viscosity measurements, blend films were
prepared by the solvent casting method and were tested by SEM and DSC analysis
methods for the investigation of blend miscibility in the solid state. Moreover the
molecular interactions between pullulan and PEG were studied by FTIR spectroscopy.
Favorable interactions via H-bonding have been confirmed. The results have shown that
pul/PEG blend with a blend composition of (80/20) is miscible in solution with positive
miscibility parameter values for Δb, α, and μ respectively. DSC and SEM results
indicate miscibility in the solid state as well. Keywords: Viscosity, Miscibility, polymer blends, Pulluan, Poly(ethylene glycol).Pululan (Pul) ve poli(etilen glikol) (PEG) polimerlerinin karışabilirliği seyreltik
çözeltide viskometrik yöntemle tayin edildi. Pul/PEG bakımından 100/0, 80/20,50/50,
20/80, 0/100 kompozisyonlarına sahip beş değişik örnek hazırlanarak test edildi.
Homopolimerlerin ve polimer karışımlarının Huggins eğrileri çizildi. Elde dilen veriden
ΔB, μ ve α olarak tanımlanan karışabilirlik parametreleri hesaplandı. Karışabilirlik
parametreleri Huggins eğrilerinden bulunan intrinzik viskozite ve Huggins sabitleri
kullanılarak hesaplanmaktadır. Viskometrik ölçümlere ilaveten katı halde yapılan DSC,
FTIR ve SEM analizleri için filmler hazırlandı. FTIR analizi iki polimer arasında
hidrojen bağı etkileşimini doğrularken SEM ve DSC analizleri Pul/PEG 80/20
karışımının karışabilir olduğunu göstermiştir. Bu karışım için viskometrik ölçümlerden
de pozitif ΔB, μ ve α değerleri elde edilmiştir. Buna karşılık Pul/PEG 20/80 karışımı
için negatif karışabilirlik değerleri elde edilmiştir. Karışımdaki pululan oranı arttıkça
Pul/PEG karışımı arasındaki karışabilirliğin de arttığı sonucuna varılmıştır.engEastern Mediterranean University (EMU) - Doğu Akdeniz Üniversitesi (DAÜ)info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessChemistryViscosity, Miscibility, Polymer Blends, Pulluan, Poly (Ethylene Glycol)A Miscibility study on pullulan/poly (Ethylene Glycol) blendsmasterThesisEastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of ChemistryDepartment of Chemistry08 Faculty of Arts and SciencesTheses (Master's and Ph.D) – Chemistry
oai:i-rep.emu.edu.tr:11129/28902016-08-19T06:12:12Zhdl_11129_787hdl_11129_817hdl_11129_781Garip, Mehmet U.Erdil, ErzatBilsel, Ayhan2016-08-19T06:12:12Z2006M. Garip, E. Erdil& A. Bilsel; “Engineering Faculty Attitudes to General Chemistry Courses in Engineering Curricula”,
JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL EDUCATION 83(12): 1873-1878 20060021-9584(print)1938-1328(online)http://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ755014http://hdl.handle.net/11129/2890Due to copyright restrictions, the access to the publisher version (published version) of this article is only available via subscription. You may click URI and have access to the Publisher Version of this article through the publisher web site or online databases, if your Library or institution has subscription to the related journal or publication.A survey on the attitudes of engineering faculty to chemistry, physics, and mathematics was conducted with the aim of clarifying the attitudes of engineering faculty to chemistry courses in relation to engineering education or curricula and assessing their expectations. The results confirm that on the whole chemistry is perceived as having a legitimate place as a core course in engineering curricula with frequently appearing comments from faculty to make chemistry relevant to real-life problems and everyday applications.engAmer Chemical Socinfo:eu-repo/semantics/embargoedAccessCHEMISTRYMULTIDISCIPLINARY, EDUCATIONSCIENTIFIC DISCIPLINES, Engineering EducationEngineering faculty attitudes to general chemistry courses in engineering curriculaarticleJournal of Chemical EducationEastern Mediterranean University, Faculty Arts & Sciences , Department of ChemistryTR10250831218731878Department of Chemistry08 Faculty of Arts and SciencesDepartment of Physics08 Faculty of Arts and SciencesDepartment of Electrical and Electronic Engineering02 Faculty of EngineeringPHY – Journal Articles: Publisher & Author Versions (Post-Print Author Versions) – PhysicsEEE – Journal Articles: Publisher & Author Versions (Post-Print Author Versions) – Electrical and Electronic EngineeringCHEM – Journal Articles: Publisher & Author Versions (Post-Print Author Versions) – Chemistry
oai:i-rep.emu.edu.tr:11129/32642017-05-22T23:00:33Zhdl_11129_111Yılmaz, ElvanYahya, Kovan Ibrahim Ali2017-05-22T08:06:46Z2014-012014Yahya, Kovan Ibrahim Ali. (2014). Grafting of Poly [(2-Diethylamino) Ethyl Methacrylate] onto Chitosan. Thesis (M.S.), Eastern Mediterranean University, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Dept. of Chemistry, Famagusta: North Cyprus.http://hdl.handle.net/11129/3264Master of Science in Chemistry. Thesis (M.S.)--Eastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Dept. of Chemistry, 2014. Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Elvan Yılmaz.In this study, chitosan was grafted with poly[(2-diethyl amino)ethyl methacrylate] in homogeneous and heterogeneous systems by using potassium persulphate as the initiator. The effect of temperature, time, (2-diethyl amino)ethyl methacrylate concentration and the concentration of the initiator on the grafting yield was examined in aqueous acetic solution under nitrogen atmosphere. The maximum grafting percentage of poly[(2-diethyl amino)ethyl methacrylate] on to chitosan was found to be 180% under homogeneous conditions using 0.5 mL of monomer concentration with 1.00 g chitosan dissolved in 1.0mL of 0.10% (w/v) acetic acid solution, temperature at 70◦C and 4 hour reaction time. The products were precipitated in ethanol in the powder form. They were found to be water soluble which is an improvement over the dissolution properties of the parent molecule, namely chitosan. Chitosan tripolyphosphate gel beads which were chemically crosslinked by glutaraldehyde or ethylene glycol digylcidyl ether were used as solid substrates for grafting of poly[(2-diethyl amino)ethyl methacrylate] PDEAEM in a heterogeneous system at the optimum conditions determined for the homogeneous system. The maximum grafting yield was found to be in the range 40-50%. The swelling kinetics of the grafted beads was followed in acidic, neutral and basic buffer solutions. The experiments demonstrated 166-4811% swelling within 72 hours. The synthesized copolymers were characterized by using Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
Keywords: graft copolymerization, natural polymer, chitosan, chitosan tripolyphosphate bead, (2-diethyl amino)ethyl methacrylate (DEAEM), water soluble polymer.ÖZ:
Bu çalışmada kitosanın potasyum per sülfat başlatıcı kullanarak homojen ve heterojen ortamlarda poli[(2-dietil amino)]etil metakrilat ile aşılanması incelenmiştir. Derişimi 1.0% (w/v) olan sulu asetik asit çözeltisi içinde ve azot ortamında sıcaklık, zaman, monomer ve başlatıcı konsantrasyonlarının aşılanma yüzdesi üzerindeki etkisi çalışılmıştır. Homojen ortamda 1.00 g kitosan ve 0.5 mL (2-dietil amino)etil metakrilat örneğinin 1mL çözelti içinde 70◦C sıcaklıkta 4 saat sonunda %180 aşılanma oranı elde edilmiştir. Poli[(2-dietil amino)etil metakrilat] aşılanmış kitosan etanol çöktürücü ile toz halde çözeltiden ayrılmıştır. Ürünlerin saf suda tamamen çözündükleri ve dolasıyla kitosanla karşılaştırıldığında önemli bir avantaja sahip oldukları gözlemlenmiştir. Sistem, homojen ortamda belirlenen en iyi koşullar sağlanarak heterojen ortamda da test edilmiştir. Glutareldehit veya etilen glikol diglisidil eter kullanılarak kimyasal çapraz bağlanmaya uğratılmış kitosan tripolifosfat jel boncukların, poli[(2-dietil amino)]etil metakrilat ile aşılanmasıyla %40-50 arasında değişen aşılanma oranlarına ulaşılmıştır. Aşılanmış jel boncukların şişme kinetiği de izlenmiş ve asit, nötral ve baz tampon çözeltilerde 72 saat içinde 166-4811% şişme kapasitesine sahip oldukları bulunmuştur.Ürünler FTIR spektroskopisi, termal gravimetric analiz (TGA) ve tarayıcı electron mikroskopisi SEM yöntemleri ile karakterize edilmişlerdir.
Anahtar kelimeler: aşı kopolimerizasyonu, doğal polimerler, suda çözünen polimerler (2-dietil amino)etil metakrilat, DEAEM, kitosani kitosan tripolifosfat.engEastern Mediterranean University (EMU) - Doğu Akdeniz Üniversitesi (DAÜ)info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessChemistryChitin - Chitosangraft copolymerizationnatural polymerchitosanchitosan tripolyphosphate bead(2-diethyl amino)ethyl methacrylate (DEAEM)water soluble polymerGrafting of Poly [(2-Diethylamino)Ethyl Methacrylate] onto ChitosanmasterThesisEastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Arts and Science, Department of ChemistryDepartment of Chemistry08 Faculty of Arts and SciencesTheses (Master's and Ph.D) – Chemistry
oai:i-rep.emu.edu.tr:11129/32552017-05-17T23:00:43Zhdl_11129_111Yılmaz, ElvanMizwari, Zirar Mohammed Taher2017-05-17T05:12:56Z2013-072013Mizwari, Zirar Mohammed Taher. (2013). Preparation and characterization of phosphorylated chitosan films via graft copolymerizatio. Thesis (M.S.), Eastern Mediterranean University, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Dept. of Chemistry, Famagusta: North Cyprus.http://hdl.handle.net/11129/3255Master of Science in Chemistry. Thesis (M.S.)--Eastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Dept. of Chemistry, 2013. Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Elvan Yılmaz.Graft copolymerization of bis (2-methacryloyl oxy ethyl) acid phosphate (BAP) on to chitosan initiated by potassium per sulphate (KPS) under N2 atmosphere has been studied. The effect of polymer concentration, monomer concentration, polymerization temperature, initiator concentration and polymerization time on the grafting yield have been investigated.
The copolymers were characterized by FTIR, SEM, DSC, and contact angle measurement. Swelling and dissolution behaviour of grafted polymer was followed in different buffer solutions (pH = 3, 7, and 11).
Keywords: Chitosan, Phosphorylated Chitosan, Contact Angle, BAPÖZ:
Azot atmosferi altında potasyum persülfat (KPS) redoks başlatıcısı kullanılarak farklı konsantrasyonlardaki kitosan sulu çözeltilerinin bis(2-metakriloil oksi) asit fosfat (BAP) ile kopolimerizasyonu incelenmiştir. Polimer konsantrasyonunun, monomer konsantrasyonu, polimerizasyon sıcaklığı, başlatıcı konsantrasyon ve polimerizasyon süresinin % aşılama etkisi çalışılmıştır.
Aşılı kopolimerler FTIR, SEM, DSC ile karakterize edilmiş ve temas açısı ile hidrofilik özelliği incelenmiştir. Sentezlenen yeni fosforile kitosan filmlerin morfolojileri ile termal davranışları SEM ve DSC analizleri ile test edilmiştir. Aşılı polimerin şişme davranışı farklı pH' lardaki tampon çözeltilerde (pH = 3, 7 ve 11) test incelenmiştir.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Kitosan, Fosforile Kitosan, Temas Açısı, BAPengEastern Mediterranean University (EMU) - Doğu Akdeniz Üniversitesi (DAÜ)info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessChemistryChitosanPhosphorylated ChitosanContact AngleBAPPreparation and characterization of phosphorylated chitosan films via graft copolymerizationmasterThesisEastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Arts and Science, Department of ChemistryDepartment of Chemistry08 Faculty of Arts and SciencesTheses (Master's and Ph.D) – Chemistry
oai:i-rep.emu.edu.tr:11129/32502017-05-15T23:00:46Zhdl_11129_460Alizor, Nwaka Esther2017-05-15T12:24:57Z2015-09http://hdl.handle.net/11129/3250Master of Science in Chemistry. Thesis (M.S.)--Eastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Dept. of Chemistry, 2015. Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Elvan Yılmaz.In this study, chitosan was cross-linked with glutaraldehyde to prepare semi-IPN (SIPN) and IPN hydrogel systems. Several interpenetrating polymer network (IPNs) type hydrogels from the mixture of chitosan, diethylamino ethylmethacrylate (DEAEM), potassium persulphate, N,N′- methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) of pH responsive swelling properties were synthesized by in-situ polymerization method.
The IPN and semi-IPN (SIPN) gels prepared were characterized by swelling characteristics at 37 °C, and also by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The SEM image of the semi-IPN gel shows smoother morphology while that of the IPNs gives rougher surface with smaller pores. The hydrogels obtained exhibit pH sensitive swelling behavior. All samples swell highest in acidic medium. The equilibrium swelling values obtained at pH 1, 7 and 11 respectively are as follows: IPN (822%)> SIPN (783%) > CH (173%), IPN (453%)> SIPN (235%)> CH (119%) IPN (425%)> SIPN (242%) > CH(78%).
The drug ciprofloxacin was loaded into the IPN hydrogels in water. Drug release kinetics were followed in pH 1.2 buffer solution at 37 °C.ÖZ: Bu çalışmada , kitosan glutaldehit ile çapraz bağlanıp yarı iç-içe girmiş polimerik ağ yapılar ile iç-içe girmiş polimerik ağ yapılarının sentezi ile hidrojeller hazırlandı. pH duyarlı çeşitli polimerik ağlar kitosanın dietilamino etilmetakrilat (DEAEM), potasyum persülfat , N , N'- metilenbisakrilamid (MBA) ile in-situ polimerizasyon yöntemi ile sentezlenmiştir. Hazırlanan yarı iç-içe girmiş polimerik ağ yapılar ile iç-içe girmiş polimerik ağ yapılarının 37 °C 'de şişme özellikleri incelenmiş ve taramalı elektron mikrokopu ile morfolojileri karakterize edilmiştir. Elektron mikroskopu analizlerinden iç-içe girmiş polimerik ağ yapılarının küçük gözeneklere sahip pürüzlü bir yüzeye sahip olduğu gözlemlenirken yarı iç-içe girmiş polimerik ağ yapılarının SEM görüntüsü daha az pürüzlü morfoloji göstermektedir . Hidrojellerin pH duyarlı şişme davranışı gösterdiği saptandı. Bütün numuneler, asidik ortam içinde en yüksek oranda şişme gösterirken. Denge şişme% değerleri pH 1 , 7 ve 11 de elde edilmiş ve aşağıda sırasıyla belirtilmiştir: IPN ( 822 %) > SIPN ( 783 %) > CH ( 173 %) , IPN ( 453 %) > SIPN ( % 235) > CH ( 119 %) IPN ( 425 %) > SIPN ( 242 %) > CH ( % 78).
Siprofloksasin antibiyotik ilaç suda hazırlanan hidrojellere yüklenerek ilaç salım kinetiği , 37 ° C'de pH 1.2 tampon çözeltisi içinde takip edilmiştir.enginfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessChemistryInterpenetrating polymer network, glutaraldehyde, chitosan, ciprofloxacin, hydrogelsSynthesis of Chitosan/Poly (Diethyl aminoethyl methacrylate) Interpenetrating Polymer Network GelsmasterThesisEastern Mediterranean University Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Dept. of ChemistryDepartment of Chemistry08 Faculty of Arts and SciencesBook Chapters – Chemistry
oai:i-rep.emu.edu.tr:11129/32802017-05-29T23:00:37Zhdl_11129_111Gazi, MustafaNabukue, Luki Stella2017-05-29T10:47:48Z2014-082014Nabukue, Luki Stella. (2014).The Preparation and Characterization of Phosphoric Acid modified Ferula Communis Biomass and its Application in the Removal of BR-9 Dye. Thesis (M.S.), Eastern Mediterranean University, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Dept. of Chemistry, Famagusta: North Cyprus.http://hdl.handle.net/11129/3280Master of Science in Chemistry. Thesis (M.S.)--Eastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Dept. of Chemistry, 2014. Supervisor: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Mustafa Gazi.In this study, the potential of Ferula Communis biomass (FC) was evaluated for removal of cationic dye from aqueous solution. Phosphoric acid modified FC was utilized to remove basic red 9 (BR-9) under varying adsorption parameters such as pH, temperature, contact time, adsorbent dosage, and ionic strength. The adsorption process using modified FC (PFC) was evaluated under isothermal conditions and Langmuir model showed monolayer adsorption of 354.89mg/g with high R2 value of 0.9997 compared to Freundlich model.
The adsorption process was evaluated under various kinetic models. The experimental results indicated that BR-9 removal fit well with pseudo-second order kinetic and the treatment process is exothermic and spontaneous in nature. The obtained results showed that PFC can be used as an alternative adsorbent for the treatment of dye-containing wastewaters.
Keywords: Ferulla Communis, Basic Red 9 (BR9), Biomass, Dye Removal, Adsorption, Water Treatment.ÖZ:
Bu çalışmada, katyonik boyaların sulu çözeltilerden gideriminde, Ferulla Communis biyokütlesinin (FC) potansiyeli değerlendirilmiştir. Fosforik asit modifiye FC, pH, sıcaklık, temas süresi, adsorban dozaj ve iyonik kuvveti gibi çeşitli adsorpsiyon parametreleri altında, bazik kırmızı 9 (BR-9)’un giderimi için kullanılmıştır.İzotermik şartlar altındaki Modifiye FC (PFC) kullanılarak yapılan adsorpsiyon işlemleri değerlendirilmiştir ve Langmuir modeli Freundlich modeli ile karşılaştırıldığında yüksek, R2, 0.9997, değeri ile Langmuir modeli 354.89mg/g’lık tek tabakalı adsorpsiyon göstermiştir.
Adsorpsiyon süreci çeşitli kinetik modeller altında değerlendirilmiştir. Deneysel sonuçlar, BR-9’un gideriminin yalancı ikinci dereceden kinetik ile iyi uyumlu olduğunu ve iyleştirme sürecinin de ekzotermik olarak doğada kendiliğinden olduğunu göstermiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlar, PFC boya ihtiva eden atık suların iyleştirilmesi için alternatif bir adsorban olarak kullanılabileceğini göstermiştir.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Ferulla Communis, Bazik Kırmızı 9 (BR9), Biokütle, Boya Giderimi, Adsorpsiyon, Su İyleştirme.engEastern Mediterranean University (EMU) - Doğu Akdeniz Üniversitesi (DAÜ)info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessChemistryFerulla CommunisBasic Red 9 (BR9)BiomassDye RemovalAdsorptionWater TreatmentThe Preparation and Characterization of Phosphoric Acid modified Ferula Communis Biomass and its Application in the Removal of BR-9 DyemasterThesisEastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Arts and Science, Department of ChemistryDepartment of Chemistry08 Faculty of Arts and SciencesTheses (Master's and Ph.D) – Chemistry
oai:i-rep.emu.edu.tr:11129/32822017-06-02T23:00:45Zhdl_11129_111Yılmaz, ElvanShakir, Ameer Piro2017-06-02T11:23:50Z2013-072013Shakir, Ameer Piro. (2013)Graft Copolymerization of Benzyl Methacrylate onto Alginates.. Thesis (M.S.), Eastern Mediterranean University, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Dept. of Chemistry, Famagusta: North Cyprus.http://hdl.handle.net/11129/3282Master of Science in Chemistry. Thesis (M.S.)--Eastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Dept. of Chemistry, 2013. Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Elvan Yılmaz.Homopolymerization of benzyl methacrylate has been studied by UV initiation using 25 mg DMPA with 2.5 ml BzMA and 0.5, 2.5 mL hexane for different time intervals. The maximum conversion value 99% has been obtained. Homopolymerization reaction was carried out with and without photo initiator. It was found that without photo initiator polymerization does not occur. DMPA and benzophenone were the two photo initiators tested. DMPA was found to be more effective than benzophenone, in a homopolymerization system of 50 mg DMPA or bezophenone, 2.5 mL BzMA and 0.5 mL hexane irradiated for 15 minutes, conversion resulted 61% and 11.5% respectively. Without photo initiator no polymerization occurred. Alginic acid, sodium alginate and calcium alginate have been grafted with poly(benzyl methacrylate) by the UV-irradiation method. The heterogeneous system was placed in a LZC4 photo-reactor with 15 cm distance from UV lamps (in UVA region, 350 nm) and irradiated for several different intervals of time, at room temperature (25±1◦C) and fixed power (7670 μW/cm2). Effect of irradiation time, monomer concentration and photo initiator concentration on the grafting yield was studied at room temperature. The maximum grafting yield was obtained using 0.52 g sodium alginate with 2.5 mL BzMA and 25 mg DMPA at 15 min. It was found that most vulnerable polymer to benzyl methacrylate grafting among alginic acid, sodium alginate and calcium alginate is sodium alginate with the highest grafting yields under the same conditions with others.
Keywords: Alginate, Benzyl methacrylate, Graft copolymer, PhotopolymerizationÖZ:
Benzyl metakrilatın homopolimerizasyonu ve sodyum aljinat, aljinik asit ve kalsium aljinat üzerine aşılanması foto-LZC4 reaktörü içinde 350 nm dalgaboyunda, 7670 μW/cm2 sabit güce sahip UV lambaları örnekten 15 cm uzakta konumlanmış şekilde oda sıcaklığında, farklı zaman aralıklarında çalışılmıştır. Işınlama deneyleri ya DMPA ve benzofenon olmak üzere iki farklı foto başlatıcı varlığında ya da foto başlatıcı olmadan yapılmıştır. Foto başlatıcı kullanılmadığı durumda polimerizasyon veya kopolimerizasyonun gerçekleşmediği gözlemlenmiştir. Yirmi dakika ışınlama süresi sonunda 25 mg DMPA, 2.5 mL BzMA ve 0.5 mL hekzan karışımının azami dönüşüm değeri % 99 olarak elde edilmiştir. Benzer koşullarda DMPA varlığında homopolimerizasyon dönüşüm değerinin benzofenona göre daha fazla olduğu bulunmuştur. 50 mg DMPA veya 50 mg benzofenon varlığında homopolimerizasyonun 2.5 mL BzMA ile 0.5 mL hekzan bulunduran homopolimerizasyon sisteminde 15 dakika süre ışınlama süresi sonunda . homopolimerizasyon dönüşüm değerleri sonuçları sırasıyla % 61 ve % 11.5 olarak bulunmuştur. Aljinik asit, sodyum aljinat ve kalsiyum aljinat üzerine gerşekleştirilen aşılama reaksiyonları için ışınlama süresi, monomer konsantrasyonunun ve başlatıcı konsantrasyonunun aşılama yüzdesine etkisi oda sıcaklığında incelenmiştir. En fazla aşılama verimi 39.5% 15 dakikada, 2.5 ml BzMA 25 mg DMPA varlığında 0.52 g sodyum aljinat kullanılarak elde edilmiştir.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Aljinat, Benzil metakrilat, Aşı kopolimer, FotopolimerleşmeengEastern Mediterranean University (EMU) - Doğu Akdeniz Üniversitesi (DAÜ)info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessChemistryAlginateBenzyl methacrylateGraft copolymerPhotopolymerizationGraft Copolymerization of Benzyl Methacrylate onto AlginatesmasterThesisEastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Arts and Science, Department of ChemistryDepartment of Chemistry08 Faculty of Arts and SciencesTheses (Master's and Ph.D) – Chemistry
oai:i-rep.emu.edu.tr:11129/32922017-06-13T23:00:34Zhdl_11129_111İcil, HuriyeAhmed, Hamidu2017-06-13T07:44:44Z2013-022013Ahmed, Hamidu. (2013). Synthesis, characterization and spectroscopic properties of chiral perylene 3, 4 -dicarboxylic- 9, 10- ((R) - (+) - 1 - Phenylethyl) - carboximide for solar cell applications . Thesis (M.S.), Eastern Mediterranean University, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Dept. of Chemistry, Famagusta: North Cyprus .http://hdl.handle.net/11129/3292Master of Science in Chemistry. Thesis (M.S.)--Eastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Dept. of Chemistry, 2013. Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Huriye Icil.Perylene chromophoric derivatives are versatile compounds for many applications in various fields. Excellent optical properties such as high extinction coefficients and strong fluorescence combined with ease in electron accepting ability are most notable advantages of perylene derivatives.
Herein, the project focused on the synthesis of different kinds of perylene dyes, a chiral perylene diimide, a chiral perylene monoimide, and a perylene dicarboxylic acid chiral monoimide, named, N,N′-bis((R)-(+)-1-phenylethyl)-3,4,9,10-perylenebis(dicarboximide) (PDI), N-((R)-(+)-1-phenylethyl)-3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic-3,4-anhydride-9,10-imide (PMI), chiral perylene-3,4-dicarboxylic -9,10-((R)-1-phenylethyl)carboximide (CPMI), respectively. The final perylene derivative CPMI was synthesized in three consecutive reactions. CPMI was especially designed to be applicable in photovoltaic cells such as dye sensitized solar cells.
The synthesized perylene derivatives are characterized in detail by investigating their optical, photophysical, and thermal properties using the techniques FTIR, UV-vis, Fluorescence, DSC, TGA and elemental analysis. They exhibited interesting optical properties, high solubilities, high molar absorption coefficients, and thermal stabilities.
Keywords: perylene diimide, perylene monoimide, carboxylic acid monoimde, chiral, extinction coefficient.ÖZ:
Perilen kromoforik türevleri pek çok alanda uygulama olanağına sahip çok yönlü bileşiklerdir. Yüksek molar absorplama sabitleri ve elektron kabul etme kolaylığı ile birlikte güçlü fluoresansa sahip olma gibi özellikler perilen türevlerinin dikkat çeken çok önemli üstünlüklerindendir.
Çeşitli perilen boyaların sentezlenmesine odaklanılan bu çalışmada, yeni bir kiral perilen diimid (N,N′-bis((R)-(+)-1-phenylethyl)-3,4,9,10-perylenebis(dicarboximide) (PDI)),, kiral bir perilen monoimid (N-((R)-(+)-1-phenylethyl)-3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic-3,4-anhydride-9,10-imide (PMI)) ve bir kiral perilen dikarboksi asit monoimid (perylene-3,4-dicarboxylic -9,10-((R)-1-phenylethyl)carboximide (CPMI)). Son sentezlenen perilen türevi olan CPMI üç adımla sentezlenmiştir. Boya duyarlı güneş pilleri gibi fotovoltaik sistemlerde uygulanabilmesi amacıyla tasarlanmıştır.
Sentezlenmiş olan perilen türevlerinin optik, fotofiziksel ve termal özellikleri FTIR, UV-vis, Floresans, DSC, TGA ve elementel analiz teknikleri kullanılarak karakterize edilmiştir. Bu maddeler oldukça ilginç optik özelliklerin yanında, yüksek çözünebilirlik, molar soğurma katsayıları ve termal kararlılık göstermektedirler.
Anahtar kelimeler: perilen diimid, perilen monoimid, karboksilik asit monoimid, kiralite, soğurma katsayısı.engEastern Mediterranean University (EMU) - Doğu Akdeniz Üniversitesi (DAÜ)info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessChemistryDyes and Dyeing--Chemistry.Perylene--Synthesis.Perylene DiimidePerylene MonoimideCarboxylic Acid MonoimdeChiralExtinction CoefficientSynthesis, characterization and spectroscopic properties of chiral perylene 3, 4 -dicarboxylic- 9, 10- ((R) - (+) - 1 - Phenylethyl) - carboximide for solar cell applicationsmasterThesisEastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Arts and Science, Department of ChemistryDepartment of Chemistry08 Faculty of Arts and SciencesTheses (Master's and Ph.D) – Chemistry
oai:i-rep.emu.edu.tr:11129/33002017-06-13T23:00:45Zhdl_11129_111Yılmaz, ElvanIfebajo, Ayodeji Olugbenga2017-06-13T11:26:11Z2014-082014Ifebajo, Ayodeji Olugbenga. (2014). Synthesis and characterisation of chemically crosslinked chitosan citrate gels. Thesis (M.S.), Eastern Mediterranean University, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Dept. of Chemistry, Famagusta: North Cyprus.http://hdl.handle.net/11129/3300Master of Science in Chemistry. Thesis (M.S.)--Eastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Dept. of Chemistry, 2014. Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Elvan Yılmaz.Chitosan was modified using citric anhydride to produce film membranes via solvent evaporation. The films dissolved in acidic media which showed that crosslinking was not achieved, but it showed an appreciable amount of swelling (896%) as a result of the modification with maximum % swelling obtained by 1.0 g citric acid (CA):0.5g chitosan at pH 11 as compared with chitosan films with maximum swelling % of 314% at the same pH.
N-protected chitosan was chemically crosslinked with a non-toxic crosslinker citric anhydride to obtain citrate esters and incorporate the carboxylic group onto chitosan. Products obtained did not dissolve in acidic media which confirms crosslinking and there was also a high % of swelling observed with the maximum %swelling of 875% by 1.0 g CA: 0.5g at pH 4.
Characterisation was done using FTIR and C-13 NMR. Free amine content was determined by titration and the kinetic study revealed that both modified and citrate crosslinked chitosan samples obeyed pseudo 2nd order. The effect of time on crosslinking showed that as time increases crosslinking also increased.
In this study, we were able to develop a pH sensitive gel that could find a wide range of applications.
Keywords: Chemical Crosslinking, Citrate ester, Crosslinking DensityÖZ:
Kitosan sitrik anhidrit ile reaksiyona sokularak modifiye edilmiştir. Elde edilen ürünün çapraz bağlanmaya uğramadığı dolayısıyla asitli ortamda cözündüğü ve bu çözeltilerden filmler elde edilebildiği gösterilmiştir. Ağırlıkça 1.:0:0.5 sitrik asit:kitosan oranında reaksiyona sokularak elde edilen üründen oluşturulan filmlerin çözünmeden önce pH 11 çözeliti içerisinde %896 şişme derecesine ulaştıkları bu değerin kitosan filmler için %314 olduğu saptanmıştır.
Amin grupları benzaldehit ile korunarak elde edilen kitosan örneği sitrik anhidrit ile reaksiyona sokularak çapraz bağlanmayla birlikte kitosanın sitrat esterleri elde edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Elde edilen ürünlerin asitli ortamda çözünmemesi çapraz bağlanmaya uğratıldıklarını düşündürmüştür. Ağırlıkça 1.:0:0.5 sitrik asit:korunmuş kitosan oranında reaksiyona sokularak elde edilen ürünün pH 4 çözeltide %875 oranında şiştiği gözlemlenmiştir.
Ürünler FTIR ve C-13 NMR yöntemleri ile karakterize edilmişlerdir. Serbest amin miktarları asit-baz titrasyonu yöntemi ile bulunmuştur. Örneklerin şişme kinetiğinin ikinci dereceden olduğu ve çapraz bağlanma oranının reaksiyon zamanı ile arttığı saptanmıştır.
Bu çalışmada, pH’a duyarlı, çeşitli uygulama alanları olabilecek poliamfolit ürünler elde edilmiştir.
Anahtar Kelimeler: çapraz bağlanma, sitrat ester, kitosanengEastern Mediterranean University (EMU) - Doğu Akdeniz Üniversitesi (DAÜ)info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessChemistryChitin - ChitosanChemical CrosslinkingCitrate EsterCrosslinking DensitySynthesis and characterisation of chemically crosslinked chitosan citrate gelsmasterThesisEastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Arts and Science, Department of ChemistryDepartment of Chemistry08 Faculty of Arts and SciencesTheses (Master's and Ph.D) – Chemistry
oai:i-rep.emu.edu.tr:11129/33372017-06-28T23:00:48Zhdl_11129_111Yılmaz, ElvanNkechinyere, Egwuagu Ifeyinwa2017-06-28T10:48:32Z2014-082014Nkechinyere, Egwuagu Ifeyinwa. (2014). Preparation and characterization of porous chitosan tripolyphosphate gel bead. Thesis (M.S.), Eastern Mediterranean University, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Dept. of Chemistry, Famagusta: North Cyprus.http://hdl.handle.net/11129/3337Master of Science in Chemistry. Thesis (M.S.)--Eastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Dept. of Chemistry, 2014. Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Elvan Yılmaz.In this study, Chitosan TPP beads and Chitosan TPP beads in the presence of PEG was prepared. PEG was added to achieve porosity after the removal of the polymer. The samples were characterized by FTIR and SEM analysis. The swelling behaviour was followed in pH 1.2, 7, and 11 and their Fe3+ ion adsorption rate from aqueous solution was determined at pH 1.2.
Beads prepared both in the presence and absence of PEG contained porosity. Chi-TPP porous beads prepared by PEG leaching method swelled more in aqueous media having a swelling ratio of about 3500% in acidic media, 350% in neutral media and 400% in basic media as compared with Chi-TPP beads with swelling ratio of 2000% in acidic media, 150% in neutral media and 200% in basic media. The beads served as effective adsorbents for Fe3+. The Chi-TPP PEG beads showed a better adsorption capacity for Fe3+ and better swelling behavior as a result of increased hydrophilicity due to PEG treatment. The adsorption behavior obeyed Langmuir model and the kinetics followed pseudo second order.
Keywords: Chitosan, Polyethyleneglycol, Fe3+ adsorption.ÖZ:
Bu çalışmada kitosan TPP jel boncukların hazırlanması ve çözeltiden Fe3+ adsorplama davranışları incelenmiştir. Kitosan TPP jel boncuklar PEG porojen varlığında ve yokluğunda sulu çözeltiden koagülasyon yöntemi ile elde edilmiş ve birbirleriyle bazı fiziksel özellikleri bakımından karşılaştırılmıştır. Örnekler FTIR ve SEM analizi yöntemleri ile incelenmiş ve sulu asitli, nötr ve bazik ortamda şişme davranışları ile pH=1.2 tampon çözeltide Fe3+ adsorplama davranışları çalışılmıştır.
Jel boncuklar PEG den arındırıldıktan sonra gözenekli yapıda önemli bir değişiklik saptanamamıştır. Ancak bu işlemden sonra jel boncukların daha hidrofilik bir yapıya sahip oldukları şişme ve Fe3+ adsorplama kapasitelerinin arttığı gözlemlenmiştir. Jel boncukların Fe3+ adsorplama davranışlarının Langmuir modeline uyduğu ve ikinci dereceden kinetiğe sahip olduğu anlaşılmıştır.
Anahtar Kelimeler: polietilen glikol, kitosan, tripolifosfat, jel boncuk, Fe3+ adsorpsiyonuengEastern Mediterranean University (EMU) - Doğu Akdeniz Üniversitesi (DAÜ)info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessChemistryChitosanPolyethyleneglycolFe3+ adsorptionPreparation and characterization of porous chitosan tripolyphosphate gel beadmasterThesisEastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Arts and Science, Department of ChemistryDepartment of Chemistry08 Faculty of Arts and SciencesTheses (Master's and Ph.D) – Chemistry
oai:i-rep.emu.edu.tr:11129/33952017-08-09T23:00:45Zhdl_11129_111İcil, HuriyeHassan, Paywand Jalal2017-08-09T10:28:40Z2013-062013Hassan, Paywand Jalal. (2013).Synthesis and Characterization of p-Type Poly(2,7-carbazole) Materials for Solar Cells. Thesis (M.S.), Eastern Mediterranean University, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Dept. of Chemistry, Famagusta: North Cyprus.http://hdl.handle.net/11129/3395Master of Science in Chemistry. Thesis (M.S.)--Eastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Dept. of Chemistry, 2013. Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Huriye İcil.π-Conjugated light emitting polymers are having very wide applications in many areas, especially in optoelectronic, photonic and renewable energy systems. 2,7-substituted polycarbazoles are excellent p-type candidates with great potential toward these applications. However, very few reports were published in literature about the applicability of poly(2,7-carbazoles) which is attributed to the difficulties in direct functionality at 2,7-positions (meta-).
In the present work, we report the synthesis of a 2,7-dibromo-substituted polycarbazole (poly(N-dodecylcarbazole)-2,7-diyl) material via four different consecutive steps. In first two steps, the basic 2,7-substitution was made by using commercial dibromobiphenyl and then the monomeric dodecylcarbazole was synthesized by nucleophilic substitution in the third step. Finally, the titled polymer was synthesized by Yamamoto polymerization. The structures of the intermediate products are confirmed by FTIR. The monomer and polymer were characterized by FTIR, UV-vis, emission and NMR techniques.
The polymer has shown broad absorption comparing to the parent 2,7-dibromo-substituted-carbazole and monomeric dodecylcarbazole. Similarly, PCbz has exhibited strong excimer emission in all of the most commonly used organic solvents. Nevertheless, owing to the attractive tunable optical properties poly(2,7-carbazoles) and derivatives, they could be used as smart materials for electroactive and photonic device architectures.
Keywords: Carbazole, Dodecylcarbazole, Poly(dodecylcarbazole), ExcimerÖZ:
Işık yayan π-konjuge polimerler, özellikle optoelektronik, fotonik ve yenilenebilir enerji sistemleri gibi birçok alanda çok geniş uygulama alanına sahiptirler. Bu uygulama alanları için 2,7-karbazoller büyük bir potansiyele sahip mükemmel p-tipi malzemelerdir. Ancak, karbazolün 2,7-pozisyonlarındaki modifikasyon zorluğundan dolayı literatürde poli(2,7-karbazoller)in uygulamaları ile ilgili çok az çalışma bulunmaktadır.
Bu çalışmada, bir 2,7-dibromopolikarbazol (poli(N-dodesilkarbazol)-2,7-diil) dört ardışık basamakta sentezlenmiştir. İlk iki basamakta, 2,7-pozisyonları ticari dibromobifenil maddesi kullanılarak elde edildi. Üçüncü basamakta ise dodesilkarbazol monomeri nükleofil yer değiştirme tepkimesi ile elde edilmiştir. Son olarak, polimer Yamamoto polimerizasyonu tekniği ile sentezlenmiştir. Ara ürünleri yapıları FTIR ile teyit edilmiştir. Monomer ve polimer FTIR, UV-vis, emisyon ve NMR teknikleri ile karakterize edilmiştir.
Polimer 2,7-dibromokarbazol ve dodesilkarbazol ile karşılaştırıldığında geniş bir absorpsiyon göstermiştir. Benzer şekilde, polikarbazol yaygın olarak kullanılan organik çözücülerde güçlü ekzimer emisyonu sergilemiştir. Bunula birlikte, poli(2,7-karbazoller) ilgi çekici ayarlanabilir optik özelliklerinden dolayı, elektroaktif ve fotonik cihaz mimarileri için akıllı malzemeler olarak kullanılabilirler.
Anahtar kelimeler: Karbazol, Dodesilkarbazol, Poli(dodesilkarbazol), EkzimerengEastern Mediterranean University (EMU) - Doğu Akdeniz Üniversitesi (DAÜ)info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessChemistryPolymers - Organic ChemistryCarbazoleDodecylcarbazolePoly(dodecylcarbazole)ExcimerSynthesis and Characterization of p-Type Poly(2,7-carbazole) Materials for Solar CellsmasterThesisEastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Arts and Science, Department of ChemistryDepartment of Chemistry08 Faculty of Arts and SciencesTheses (Master's and Ph.D) – Chemistry
oai:i-rep.emu.edu.tr:11129/34112017-08-18T23:00:39Zhdl_11129_111İcil, HuriyeShaban, Shaban Rajab2017-08-18T07:17:12Z2013-062013Shaban, Shaban Rajab. (2013). Energy Transfer Studies of Electron Donating Carbazole and Electron Accepting Perylene Dye Systems. Thesis (M.S.), Eastern Mediterranean University, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Dept. of Chemistry, Famagusta: North Cyprus.http://hdl.handle.net/11129/3411Master of Science in Chemistry. Thesis (M.S.)--Eastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Dept. of Chemistry, 2013. Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Huriye İcil.Electron donating poly(2,7-carbazoles) are one of the most attractive materials emerged as p-type semiconductors for applications in photovoltaic devices in combination with relevant electron accepting systems. On the other hand, perylene dyes are known as versatile n-type building block materials for organic device architectures and supramolecular systems.
These polymeric- or small molecule-based organic materials are very important concerning controlled and improved light emission is therefore a key issue and blending of fluorescent dye materials with conjugated polymers could enhance transfer of energy (excitation) from host to guest.
In the present work, the electronic energy transfer between three different chromophoric materials of 2,7-carbazoles and perylene dyes were investigated. The carbazole compounds are considered as electron donors and perylene diimide is considered as electron accepting group. The energy transfer studies of three carbazole derivatives with perylene dye in three different kinds of varying polarity (CHCl3, 4.81; CH3CN, 37.5; CH3OH, 32.6) reveal that most efficiency is achieved for the three of the carbazoles in CHCl3. The critical transfer distances measured are in excellent agreement and in addition Stern-Volmer plots show efficient diffusion-controlled energy transfer in chloroform. Although there is no efficient nonradiative energy transfer in CH3CN and CH3OH, interesting charge transfer leading to electron transfer are evidenced from carbazole to perylene chromophore
Keywords: Energy Transfer, Stern-Volmer, Carbazole, PeryleneÖZ:
Elektron verici poli(2,7-karbazoller), fotovoltaik cihaz uygulamalarında ilgili elektron alıcı sistemlerle kombinasyon halinde kullanılan p-tipi yarı iletkenler olarak ortaya çıkan en ilgi çekici maddelerdendir. Diğer yandan, perilen boyalar, organik cihaz mimarileri ve supramoleküler sistemler için çok yönlü bir n-tipi yapı taşı olarak bilinmektedir.
Bu polimerik veya küçük molekül tabanlı organik maddeler gelişmiş ve kontrol edilebilir ışık emisyon özelliklerinden dolayı büyük önem kazanmaktadır. Bu nedenle, floresan boya malzemelerinin konjuge polimerlerle olan karışımları enerji transferinin artırılması açısından önemli bir konudur.
Bu çalışmada, perilen boyaları ile üç farklı kromoforik 2,7-karbazol malzemleri arasındaki elektronik enerji transferi incelenmiştir. Karbazol bileşikleri elektron verici, perilen diimid ise elekron alıcı grup olarak kabul edilmiştir. Üç karbazol türevinin perilen diimid ile değişen polaritedeki çözgenlerde (CHCl3, 4.81; CH3CN, 37.5; CH3OH, 32.6) gerçekleştirilen enerji transfer çalışmalarında, üç karbazol türevi için de en etkili enerji transferi CHCl3 çözücüsünde sağlanmıştır.
Ölçülen kritik transfer mesafeleri Stern-Volmer ilişkisine uygun olup, Stern-Volmer grafikleri kloroformda etkin difüzyon-kontrollü enerji transferi göstermektedir. CH3CN ve CH3OH çözgenlerinde etkin ışınımsız enerji transferi olmamasına rağmen, karbazolden perilen kromoforuna elektron transferine yol açan yük transferi gözlemlenmiştir.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Enerji Transferi, Stern-Volmer, Karbazol, Perilen
DICATIONengEastern Mediterranean University (EMU) - Doğu Akdeniz Üniversitesi (DAÜ)info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessChemistryOrganic electronicsEnergy TransferStern-VolmerCarbazolePeryleneEnergy Transfer Studies of Electron Donating Carbazole and Electron Accepting Perylene Dye SystemsmasterThesisEastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Arts and Science, Department of ChemistryDepartment of Chemistry08 Faculty of Arts and SciencesTheses (Master's and Ph.D) – Chemistry
oai:i-rep.emu.edu.tr:11129/33942017-08-09T23:00:44Zhdl_11129_111Yılmaz., ElvanSoud, Shemaa Abdul Sattar2017-08-09T10:20:15Z2013-062013Soud, Shemaa Abdul Sattar. (2013).Physical and Antibacterial Properties of Iodine Containing Pullulan/Poly(vinylpyrrolidone) /Poly(vinylalcohol) Polymer Films. Thesis (M.S.), Eastern Mediterranean University, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Dept. of Chemistry, Famagusta: North Cyprus.http://hdl.handle.net/11129/3394Master of Science in Chemistry. Thesis (M.S.)--Eastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Dept. of Chemistry, 2013. Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Elvan Yılmaz.Iodine releasing polymer films were prepared by blending the polysaccharide pullulan (PUL) with poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) while glutaraldehyde (GA) was used as a cross linker and glycerine (GL) as a plasticizer. Cross linking was done at 25°C and 60°C and homogeneity was improved by heating. Physical, chemical and thermal properties of the films were assessed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). In addition, the swelling behavior was followed in aqueous solution.
Polymer films were loaded with 0.10%, 1.0% and 10% (w/v) iodine solutions, a wide spectrum antibacterial agent. The quantities of iodide I- and triiodide I3- loaded and released were measured by UV-VIS spectroscopy. Release kinetics was followed for
168 hr using the film treated with 10% (w/v) iodine solution. Antibacterial activity of iodine species released was tested against two types of bacterial strains Escherichia coli IFO3972 as gram negative and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC25923 as gram positive bacteria. Inhibition zone measurements proved antibacterial activity. The results obtained in this thesis work show that iodine containing PUL/PVP/PVA blend films are potential candidates for controlled release iodine systems for antibacterial applications under suitable conditions.
Keywords: Pullulan, Antibacterial Agent, Iodine Release System, Poly(vinyl alcohol), Poly(vinyl pyrrolidone)ÖZ:
Pululan (PUL), poli(vinil pirolidon) (PVP)ve poli(vinil alkol) (PVA) polimer karışımı filmler hazırlanarak iyot salım sistemi olarak incelenmiştir. Gluteraldehit (GA) ve gliserin (GL) ise sırasıyla çapraz bağlayıcı ve plastisizer olarak kullanılmıştır. Çapraz bağlanma 25°C ve 60°C sıcaklıklarda gerçekleştirilmiştir. Yüksek sıcaklıkta çapraz bağlama yapılan filmlerin daha homojen bir yüzeye sahip oldukları gözlenlenmiştir. Hazırlanan filmlerin kimyasal yapısı, fiziksel ve termal özellikleri sırasıyla FTIR, SEM ve DSC yöntemleri ile incelenmiştir. Şişme davranışı ise sulu çözeltilerde çalışılmıştır.
Polimer filmler %0.10, %1.0, %10 (w/v) derişime sahip iyot çözeltileri içine daldırılarak iyot yüklenmiş ve daha sonra sulu ortamda iyot salımı yaptırılmıştır. Sulu ortamda I2, I-, I3-, ve HOI molekülleri açığa çıkmaktadır. I-, I3- miktarları UV-
vis spektoskopisi ile belirlenmiştir. İlaç salım kinetiği % 10 (w/v) luk iyot çözeltisi
ile yüklenmiş olan filmlerle 168 saat izlenmiştir. Bu filmlerden salınan iyotun antibakteryal etkisi 2 tür bakteri suşuna Escherichia coli IFO3972 ve Staphylococcus.aureus ATCC25923 karşı inhibisyon zonu ölçümleri yapılarak çalışılmıştır. Bu tez çalışmasından elde edilen souçlara göre iyot yüklü PUL/PVP/PVA polimer blend filmlerin uygun koşullarda ve ortamlarda kontrollu iyot salımı yapan antibakteryal sistemler olarak uygulanabileceği önerilmektedir.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Pullulan, Antibakteriyel Ajan, İyot Salınım Sistemi, Poli (vinil alkol), Poli (vinil pirolidon).engEastern Mediterranean University (EMU) - Doğu Akdeniz Üniversitesi (DAÜ)info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessChemistryPullulanAntibacterial AgentIodine Release SystemPoly(vinyl alcohol)Poly(vinyl pyrrolidone)Physical and Antibacterial Properties of Iodine Containing Pullulan/Poly(vinylpyrrolidone) /Poly(vinylalcohol) Polymer FilmsmasterThesisEastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Arts and Science, Department of ChemistryDepartment of Chemistry08 Faculty of Arts and SciencesTheses (Master's and Ph.D) – Chemistry
oai:i-rep.emu.edu.tr:11129/34192017-08-18T23:00:41Zhdl_11129_111İcil, HuriyeYücekan, İlke2017-08-18T08:27:04Z2013-062013Yücekan, İlke. (2013). Synthesis and Properties of Low Band Gap Organic Semiconductors for Solar Cell Applications. Thesis (Ph.D.), Eastern Mediterranean University, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Dept. of Chemistry, Famagusta: North Cyprus.http://hdl.handle.net/11129/3419Doctor of Philosophy in Chemistry. Thesis (Ph.D.)-Eastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Dept. of Chemistry, 2013. 'Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Huriye İcil.The development of new PV technology is essential with increasing consumption of fossil fuels and seems to be the only way to cover energy demand. The primary objective should be accomplished efficiency between cost and power conversion efficiency. Moreover, the applicability of new materials is primarily determined by their balanced electrical, thermal, physical and chemical properties.
In this thesis, a new series of low band gap aromatic polyimides were successfully synthesized to be used in photovoltaic applications as next generation organic semiconductor material. To this purpose, chitosan biopolymer based two aromatic polyimide functionalized with commercially available perylene and naphthalene organic semiconductors and previously synthesized high molecular weight naphthalene based polyimide have been characterized in detail by studying their , photophysical, thermal and electrochemical properties through the data obtained from NMR, FTIR, GPC, UV-vis, Fluorescence, DSC, TGA and CV and SQWV.
Incorporation of the hydrophobic chromophore units within the hydrophilic polymeric backbones yielded a network-like structure and maintained good solubility. The compounds showed extraordinary thermal stabilities and high molar absorption coefficients. They possessed excimer type emission and aggregation formation which confirmed the electroactive species both in ground and excited state. The products showed outstanding electrochemical stability and also undergoes only one reversible reduction and oxidation in solid state which make them candidate as Donor/Acceptor polymer for PV technology.
Keywords: Perylene, Naphthalene, Donor/Acceptor Polymer, High Molar AbsorptivityÖZ:
Fosil yakıtlarının artan tüketimi karşısında, yeni PV teknolojilerinin geliştirilmesi zaruridir ve enerji talebinin karşılanması için tek kurtuluş yolu olarak gözükmektedir. Birincil amaç, maliyet ve güç dönüşüm verimliliği arasındaki tutarlılığın gerçekleştirilmesidir. Ayrıca, elektriksel, ısı, fiziksel ve kimyasal özellikleri bakımından dengeli yeni materyallerin uygulanabirliği belirlenmelidir.
Bu tezde, fotovoltaik uygulamalarda yeni nesil organik yarı-iletken malzeme olarak kullanılmak üzere düşük bant aralığına sahip aromatik poliimidlerin sentezi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu amaçla, ticari olarak temin edilebilen naftalin ve perilen organik yarı iletkenler ile fonksiyonlandırılmış kitozan tabanlı iki aromatik poliimid ile daha önce sentezlenmiş olan naftalin esaslı yüksek molekül ağırlıklı poliimidin fotofiziksel, termal ve elektrokimyasal özellikleri NMR, FTIR, GPC, UV-vis, Fluoresans, DSC, TGA ve voltametri ölçümleri ile karakterize edilmiştir.
Sentezlenen maddeler, hidrofobik kromofor birimlerinin hidrofilik yapıdaki polimerlere dahil edilmesiyle ağ-benzeri bir yapı oluşturmuş olup iyi bir çözünürlüğe sahiptirler. Her bir polimer, yüksek molar soğurma katsayısına ve olağanüstü termal kararlılıpa sahiptir. Poliimidler eksimer tipi emisyon ve aggregasyon oluşumuna sahip olduklarından hem temelde hem de uyarılmış halde elektroaktif türlere sahiptirler. Sentezlenen ürünler, elektrokimyasal kararlılığa sahip olup, katı halde geri dönüşümlü oksidasyon ve redüksiyon potansiyeline sahiptir. Bu özellikleri sayesinde, PV teknolojisi için elektron donör/akseptör polimer olarak potansiyel birer adaydırlar.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Perilen, Naftalin, Donör/Akseptör Polimer, Yüksek Molar SoğurumengEastern Mediterranean University (EMU) - Doğu Akdeniz Üniversitesi (DAÜ)info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessChemistryFossil Fuels - ChemistryGreen chemistry - Power Resources - Alternative & RenewableEnergy conversionRenewable energy sources - Agricultural wastes as fuelPeryleneNaphthaleneDonor/Acceptor PolymerHigh Molar AbsorptivitySynthesis and Properties of Low Band Gap Organic Semiconductors for Solar Cell ApplicationsdoctoralThesisEastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Arts and Science, Department of ChemistryDepartment of Chemistry08 Faculty of Arts and SciencesTheses (Master's and Ph.D) – Chemistry
oai:i-rep.emu.edu.tr:11129/34472017-10-23T23:00:36Zhdl_11129_111Yılmaz, ElvanMohammed, Dana Ali Kader2017-10-23T08:14:43Z2014-072014Mohammed, Dana Ali Kader (2014). Grafting of poly (2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate) onto chitin beads. Thesis (M.S.), Eastern Mediterranean University, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Dept. of Chemistry, Famagusta: North Cyprus.http://hdl.handle.net/11129/3447Master of Science in Chemistry. Thesis (M.S.)--Eastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Dept. of Chemistry, 2014. Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Elvan Yılmaz.Chitin was grafted with poly(2-hydroxyrthyl methacrylate) poly(HEMA) by using
ceric ammonium nitrate (CAN) as the initiator. The effect of temperature, time,
concentration of the monomer (HEMA), the amount of chitin beads and the initiator
(CAN) concentration on the grafting yield has been studied under nitrogen
atmosphere. The optimum conditions for the grafting process were established. The
maximum grafting percentage of poly(HEMA) on to non porous chitin was found to
be 65%, while for porous chitin beads it was 515%. The optimum conditions were
0.1 g of porous chitin beads, 8 mL (3.3 Mol/L) HEMA monomer, 0.5 g (4.6×10-2
mol/L) of CAN initiator for three hour reaction time at 35 °C.
The products were characterized by FT-IR, SEM, C13 NMR and XRD analysis.
Swelling and dissolution behavior of the products were followed in different buffer
solutions (pH = 1, 7 and 11).
Keywords: 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), chitin, graft copolymerization,
hydrogel, chitin bead.ÖZ:
Kitin redoks başlatıcısı serrik amonyum nitrat (CAN) ile poli (2-
hydroksilmetilmethakrilat), poli (HEMA), ile aşılanmıştır. Sıcaklık, reaksiyon süresi,
monomer konsantrasyonu, kitin ve başlatıcı madde, (CAN), konsantrasyonunun
aşılama verimi üzerinde etkisi N2 atmosferi altında incelenmiştir.Aşılama işlemi için
en uygun şartlar 0.1 g gözenekli kitin boncuklar kullanılarak 35°C sıcaklıkta, üç
saatlik bir reaksiyon süresi için, 8 ml (3.3 mol / L), HEMA monomer, 0.5 g (4.6 x
10-2 mol/L) CAN başlatıcı olarak bulundu. Aşılama yüzdesi gözenekli kitin
boncuklarda en fazla 515% gözenekli olmayan kitin boncuklar içinse %65 olarak
bulunmuştur. Ürünler FT-IR, SEM, C13 NMR ve XRD analizi ile karakterize edildi.
Şişme ve çözelti içindeki davranışları farklı pH lardaki tampon çözeltilerde (pH = 1,
7 ve 11) takip edildi.
Anahtar kelimeler: 2-hidroksietil metakrilat (HEMA), kitin, aşı kopolimrizasyon,
hidrojel, kitin kürecik.engEastern Mediterranean University (EMU) - Doğu Akdeniz Üniversitesi (DAÜ)info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessChemistryPolymers2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA)ChitinGraft CopolymerizationHydrogelChitin BeadGrafting of poly (2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate) onto chitin beadsmasterThesisEastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Arts and Science, Department of ChemistryDepartment of Chemistry08 Faculty of Arts and SciencesTheses (Master's and Ph.D) – Chemistry
oai:i-rep.emu.edu.tr:11129/35002017-11-01T00:00:51Zhdl_11129_111İcil, HuriyeZubair, Rizgar Maher2017-10-31T09:32:36Z2013-062013Zubair, Rizgar Maher. (2013). Electron Donating 2,7-Carbazole Derivatives: Synthesis and Characterization . Thesis (M.S.), Eastern Mediterranean University, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Dept. of Chemistry, Famagusta: North Cyprus.http://hdl.handle.net/11129/3500Master of Science in Chemistry. Thesis (M.S.)--Eastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Dept. of Chemistry, 2013. Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Huriye İcilCarbazoles (Cbz)s are well known electron-donating materials because of the conjugated π-electrons present in their structures, they are one of the most suitable candidates for construction of electronic devices.
In the present work, we synthesized a 2,7-dibromo-N-dodecyl carbazole (dodecylcbz) via a two step procedure. In the first step, 2,7-dibromocarbazole (cbz) was synthesized (via another two step procedure–nitration of dibromobiphenyl and consequent cadogan ring closing steps). In the second step, the targeted dodecylcbz was synthesized via nucleophilic substitution. The synthesized compounds were characterized by mp, FTIR, UV-vis, NMR, and emission techniques. The FTIR spectra confirm the structures. The solubility is very high for both the cbz and dodecylcbz in all common organic solvents.
The absorption spectra of both cbz and dodecylcbz show high energy forbidden S0→S2 transition absorptions with high intensity at around 240 nm comparing to π→π* electronic transition absorptions at around 303 nm, respectively in all of the common organic solvents studied. Most importantly, π→π* electronic transition absorptions of both carbazole and dodecylcarbazole were unchanged with respect to the polarity and type of the solvent. Whereas, S0→S2 transition absorptions have undergone solvent-dependent shifts.
Both the cbz and dodecylcarbazole exhibited intense excimer emissions in all of the solvents. These interesting optical properties are very useful for present-day organic-based optoelectronic applications.
Keywords: Carbazole, 2,7-Dibromocarbazole, Excimer Emission, Forbidden TransitionsÖZ:
Karbazoller yapılarında mevcut olan konjuge π-elektronları nedeniyle elektron-verici maddeler olarak bilinmektedirler. Bu yüzden, karbazoller elektronik cihazların yapımı için en uygun adaylardan biridir.
Bu çalışmada, 2,7-dibromo-N-dodesil karbazol (dodesilcbz) iki basamakta sentezlenmiştir. İlk basamakta 2,7-dibromokarbazol (cbz) sentezlenmiştir (başka bir iki basamaklı prosedür ile – dibromofenil nitrasyonu ve Cadogan halka kapanma işlemi). İkinci basamakta hedeflenen dodesilkarbazol nükleofil yer değiştirme tepkimesi ile sentezlenmiştir. Sentezlenen bileşikler, erime noktası, FTIR, UV-vis, NMR ve emisyon teknikleri kullanılarak karakterize edilmiştir. FTIR spektrumları yapıları teyit etmektedir. Çözünürlük yaygın olarak kullanılan tüm organik çözücülerde cbz ve dodesilcbz için çok yüksektir.
Karbazol ve dodesilkarbazolun yaygın olarak kullanılan tüm organik çözücülerdeki absorpsiyon spektrumlarında, 240 nm civarındaki S0→S2 yasaklanmış geçiş absorpsiyonu 303 nm civarındaki π→π* elektronik geçiş absorpsiyonu ile karşılaştırıldığında daha şiddetlidir. En önemlisi, karbazol ve dodesilkarbazolun π→π* elektronik geçiş absorpsiyonu çözücünün türü ve polaritesinden bağımsızken S0→S2 geçiş absorpsiyonu çözücüye bağlı olarak kaymaktadır. Karbazol ve dodesilkarbazol tüm çözücülerde yoğun ekzimer emisyonu sergilemiştir. Bu ilginç optic özellikler, günümüz organik-bazlı optoelektronik uygulamalar için çok kullanışlıdır.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Karbazol, 2,7-Dibromokarbazol, Ekzimer Emisyonu, Yasaklanmış Geçişler.engEastern Mediterranean University (EMU) - Doğu Akdeniz Üniversitesi (DAÜ)info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessChemistryOrganic ChemistryOrganic electronicsCarbazole2,7-DibromocarbazoleExcimer EmissionForbidden TransitionsElectron Donating 2,7-Carbazole Derivatives: Synthesis and CharacterizationmasterThesisEastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Arts and Science, Department of ChemistryDepartment of Chemistry08 Faculty of Arts and SciencesTheses (Master's and Ph.D) – Chemistry
oai:i-rep.emu.edu.tr:11129/36852018-05-24T23:00:57Zhdl_11129_111İcil, HuriyeRamadhan, Bishar Kareem2018-05-24T12:05:43Z2014-072014Ramadhan, Bishar Kareem. (2014). Synthesis and Characterization of A New Electron Acceptor Perylene Diimide for Further Functionalization . Thesis (M.S.), Eastern Mediterranean University, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Dept. of Chemistry, Famagusta: North Cyprus.http://hdl.handle.net/11129/3685Master of Science in Chemistry. Thesis (M.S.)--Eastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Dept. of Chemistry, 2014. Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Huriye İcil.Nowadays, novel organic substances are broadly employed in numerous sensing architectures. Clever organic compounds with profound electrochemical and photophysical properties are important for photonic applications. Importantly, electron acceptor properties of perylene derivatives are well known.
In the present project, a new perylene bisimide named as N,N′-Bis(2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl)-3,4,9,10-perylenebis(dicarboximide) (HE-PDI) has been successfully synthesized. The synthesized HE-PDI was characterized by FT-IR and its photophysical properties were studied by UV–vis absorption and emission spectroscopy techniques.
HE-PDI has high extinction coefficient and fluorescence quantum yield (Φf = 0.91). The synthesized HE-PDI is completely soluble in the both dipolar aprotic (DMF, DMSO, etc.) and non-polar solvents like (CHL).
Keyword: Perlyene bisimide, Electron acceptor, Fluorescence quantum yield, thermal stabilityÖZ:
Günümüzde, sentezlenen yeui organik maddeler sensor yapılar olarak uygulanmaktadırlar. Üstün elektrokimyasal ve fotofiziksel özelliklere sahip akıllı organik ürünlere ihtiyaç vardır.
Bu çalışmada N,N'-Bis (2-(4-hidroksifeniletil)-3,4,9,10-perilenebis (dikarboksimid) (HE-PDI), başarıyla sentezlenmiştir. Sentezlenen HE-PDI, FT-IR spektroskopisi ile karakterize edildi. Fotofiziksel özellikleri UV-VIS absorblama ve floresans spektroskopik teknikleriyre çalışılmıştır.
HE-PDI, çok yüksek floresans kuantum verimi (Φf = 0.91) absorblama katsayısına sahiptir. Sentezlenen yeni ürün dipolar aprotik ve apolar çözücülerde tamamiyle çözünmektedir (DMF, CHL).
Anahtar Kelimeler: perilenebisimid, electron akseptör, floresans kuantum verim, termal kararlılık.engEastern Mediterranean University (EMU) - Doğu Akdeniz Üniversitesi (DAÜ)info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessChemistryDyes (Chemistry)Perylene DyesPhotochemistryOrganic conductorsPerlyene bisimideElectron acceptorFluorescence quantum yieldthermal stabilitySynthesis and Characterization of A New Electron Acceptor Perylene Diimide for Further FunctionalizationmasterThesisEastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Arts and Science, Department of ChemistryDepartment of Chemistry08 Faculty of Arts and SciencesTheses (Master's and Ph.D) – Chemistry
oai:i-rep.emu.edu.tr:11129/36662018-05-18T23:01:28Zhdl_11129_111İcil, HuriyeShareef, Ziyad Ahmed2018-05-18T11:27:51Z2014-072014-07Shareef, Ziyad Ahmed (2014). A New Perylene Monoimide Derivative as Potential DNABinding Agent . Thesis (M.S.), Eastern Mediterranean University, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Dept. of Chemistry, Famagusta: North Cyprus.http://hdl.handle.net/11129/3666Master of Science in Chemistry. Thesis (M.S.)--Eastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Dept. of Chemistry, 2014. Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Huriye İcil.Nowadays, inhibiting telomerase and consequent disruption of the telomeres via formation of small organic molecule based G-quadruplex DNA structures is extensively studied. The potential of curing cancer cells (preventing the replication) by the formation of G-quadruplexes is emerging as an efficient method. π-Conjugated perylene dyes are one of the most suitable small organic molecules that can bind to DNA to form G-quadruplexes. In the present research work, two perylene dyes, namely, aminododecyl perylene diimide (ADPDI) and aminododecyl perylene monoimide (ADPMI) were synthesized in order to explore their potential towards DNA binding. Especially, long alkyl chain attached amino groups have been induced at the imide positions of the perylene chromophore to increase the capacity of hydrogen bonding. The synthesized ADPDI and ADPMI dyes have been characterized via TLC, FTIR, UV-vis, and emission measurements. FTIR spectra support the structure of the dyes. UV-vis absorption spectra in dipolar aprotic DMF (for ADPMI) and nonpolar isoquinoline (for ADPDI and ADPMI) solvents show that the dyes are aggregated to some extent in solutions by forming a broad absorption shoulder in their absorption spectra.
Keywords: Perylene diimide, Perylene monoimide, G-quadruplex, DNA bindingÖZ : Günümüzde, G-quadruplex DNA yapıları kaynaklı küçük organik molekül oluşumu ile inhibe telomeraz ve telomerlerin bozulma sonuçları yaygın olarak incelenmektedir. G-quadruplex oluşumu ile kanser hücrelerinin tedavi potansiyeli (replikasyonu önlemede) etkin bir yöntem olarak ortaya çıkmaktadır. π-konjuge perilen boyaları, G-quadruplexes oluşturması için DNA’ya bağlanmaya en uygun küçük organik moleküllerden biridirler. Bu çalışmada, iki perilen boyası; Aminododesil perilen diimit (ADPDI) ve Aminododesil perilen monoimit (ADPMI) DNA’ya doğru bağlanma potansiyellerini keşfetmek amacıyla sentezlenmiştir. Özellikle, uzun alkil zinciri bağlı amino grupları, Hidrojen bağlama kapasitesini artırmak için perilen kromoforunun imit pozisyonlarına bağlanmıştır. Sentezlenen ADPDI ve ADPMI boyaları, TLC, FT-IR, UV-Visible ve Emisyon ölçümleri ile karakterize edilmişlerdir. FT-IR spektrumu sentezlenen boyaların yapısını ispat etmektedir. UV-Visible absorpsiyon spektrumu, dipolar aprotik DMF (ADPMI) ve polar olmayan izokinonin (ADPDI ve ADPMI) çözgenlerindeki boyaların absorpsiyon spektrumlarında çözeltilerdeki bazı yaymalar ile birleşme (agregasyon) olduğunu, bunu geniş bir omuz oluşturarak göstermektedir.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Perilen diimid, Perilen monoimid, G-quadruplex, DNA bağlamaengEastern Mediterranean University (EMU) - Doğu Akdeniz Üniversitesi (DAÜ)info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessChemistryDyes (Chemistry)Perylene DyesPhotochemistryPerylene diimidePerylene monoimideG-quadruplexDNA bindingA New Perylene Monoimide Derivative as Potential DNABinding AgentmasterThesisEastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Dept. of ChemistryDepartment of Chemistry08 Faculty of Arts and SciencesTheses (Master's and Ph.D) – Chemistry
oai:i-rep.emu.edu.tr:11129/36292018-05-03T23:01:03Zhdl_11129_111İcil, HuriyeShukur, Karar Tawfeeq Jawad2018-05-03T12:10:14Z2014-022014-02Shukur, Karar Tawfeeq Jawad. (2014). Synthesis, Characterization and Optical Properties of a Bay-Substituted Perylene Dye: N,N′-Didodecyl-1,7-di(2-Decyl-1-tetradecanoyl)- perylene-3,4:9,10-tetracarboxylic Acid Bisimide . Thesis (M.S.), Eastern Mediterranean University, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Dept. of Chemistry, Famagusta: North Cyprus.http://hdl.handle.net/11129/3629Master of Science in Chemistry. Thesis (M.S.)--Eastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Dept. of Chemistry, 2014. Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Huriye İcil.Functionalization of perylene chromophore to result in a wide variety of perylene derivatives is a renowned strategy. Functionalization can be achieved by the substitution of corresponding groups at bay and imide positions of the conjugated aromatic perylene chromophore.
In the current work, we have synthesized a new bay–substituted perylene diimide in three steps. We have selected the long aliphatic and branched aliphatic chains to substitute at imide and bay- positions, respectively, to promote the solubility as well as the electrical and optical characteristics. In the first step the raw compound perylene dianhydride was brominated at 1,7-positions of the perylene chromophore to result in brominated dianhydride (BrPDA). Subsequently, BrPDA was imidized at the imide positions of BrPDA with dodecyl amine to yield brominated perylene diimide (BrPDI). In the final step, the designed bay-substituted perylene diimide (PDI-Decanol) was synthesized upon substituting 2-decyl-1-tetradecanol at the bay positions of perylene core. The final compound was purified and the resulting PDI-Decanol was characterized by FTIR, UV-vis and fluorescence measurements. A detailed comparison on optical properties was made especially by studying the photophysics of the intermediate products along with the PDI-Decanol.
The UV-vis absorption spectra of the three synthesized perylene derivatives in nonpolar aprotic solvents show regular characteristic π–π* absorption bands. Contrarily, absorption in dipolar aprotic solvents shows weak additional absorption bands (BrPDA in NMP; BrPDI in DMF; and PDI-Decanol in DMF and NMP; and
iv
methanol) at higher wavelengths which were remained after microfiltering the solution.
Interestingly, the emission spectra of the three perylene derivatives have shown traditional three characteristic emission peaks and were not influenced by additional weak absorption bands.
Keywords: Perylene, bay-substitution, brominated dianhydride, brominated diimide, aliphatic substituent.ÖZ :
Perilen boyaları fonksiyonelleştirilerek çok çeşitli perilen türevlerinin elde edilmesi, bilinen bir stratejidir. Fonksiyonelleşme konjüge aromatik perilen boyalarının körfez ve imid pozisyonlarına ilgili grupların sübstitüe edilmesi ile elde gerçekleşir.
Bu çalışmada, üç basamaklı sentez yöntemiyle körfez pozisyonunda sübstitüe yeni bir perilen diimid sentezlenmiştir. Çözünürlük yanında elektrik ve optik özellikleri geliştirmek amacı ile uzun alifatik ve dallı alifatik zincir sübstitüentler seçilerek sırası ile imid ve körfez pozisyonlarına bağlanmıştir. Birinci adımda, başlangıç maddesi olan perilen dianhidrit, bromlu dianhidrit (BrPDA) elde edebilmek için perilen yapısının 1,7pozisyonlarında brominleştirildi. Daha sonra, BrPDA dodesil amin ile imid pozisyonunda imidize edilerek bromlu perilen diimid (BrPDI) Elde edildi. Son aşamada ise tasarlanan diimid (PDI-Dekanol) perilen yapısının körfez pozisyonuna 2desil1tetradekanol bağlanması ile sentezlendi. Sentezlenen bileşik saflandırılmış ve elde edilen PDIDekanol FTIR, UV-vis ve floresans ölçümleri ile karakterize edilmiştir. Özellikle ara ürünler ile PDIDekanol'un fotofiziksel özellikleri incelenerek optik özellikleri üzerinde ayrıntılı bir karşılaştırma yapılmıştır.
Sentezlenen üç perilen türevinin apolar aprotik çözücülerdeki UV-vis absorpsiyon spectrumları normal karakteristik ππ* absorsiyon bantları göstermiştir. Buna karşılık, dipolar aprotik çözgenlerde solüsyonlar mikrofilterden geçirildikten sonra dahi uzun dalga boylarında ek zayıf absorpsiyon bantları göstermiştir (BrPDA NMP'de; BrPDI DMF'te; ve PDI-Dekanol DMF, NMP ile metanol'da).
İlginç olarak, üç perilen türevlerinin emisyon spektrumları ek zayıf absorpsiyon bandlarından etkilenmeden geleneksel üç karakteristik emisyon pikleri göstermiştir.
Anahtar kelimeler: Perilen, körfez pozisyonu, bromlu dianhidrit, bromlu diimid, alifatik sübstütie.engEastern Mediterranean University (EMU) - Doğu Akdeniz Üniversitesi (DAÜ)info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessChemistryDyes (Chemistry)Perylene DyesPhotochemistryPerylenebay-substitutionbrominated dianhydridebrominated diimidealiphatic substituentSynthesis, Characterization and Optical Properties of a Bay-Substituted Perylene Dye: N,N′-Didodecyl-1,7-di(2-Decyl-1-tetradecanoyl)- perylene-3,4:9,10-tetracarboxylic Acid BisimidemasterThesisEastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Dept. of ChemistryDepartment of Chemistry08 Faculty of Arts and SciencesTheses (Master's and Ph.D) – Chemistry
oai:i-rep.emu.edu.tr:11129/37502018-06-12T23:01:21Zhdl_11129_111İcil, HuriyeAl-Khateeb, Basma Basil Ismael2018-06-12T11:08:45Z2014-012014-01Al-Khateeb, Basma Basil Ismael. (2014). Synthesis, Characterization and Optical Properties of a Bay- Functionalized Perylene Dye:N, N′-Didodecyl-1,7-di(3-methylphenoxy)- perylene-3,4:9,10-tetracarboxylic Acid Bisimide . Thesis (M.S.), Eastern Mediterranean University, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Dept. of Chemistry, Famagusta: North Cyprus.http://hdl.handle.net/11129/3750Master of Science in Chemistry. Thesis (M.S.)--Eastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Dept. of Chemistry, 2014. Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Huriye İcil.Perylene chromophore has an excellent aromatic conjugation and offers numerous
advantages in many fields of application. One of their greatest advantages is the
capability to functionalize the chromophore at its core/bay and imide positions with
various substituents according to the desired application.
In the present research on perylene dyes, we have synthesized a new core substituted
perylene diimide in three consecutive steps focusing the application toward solar
cells. Firstly, the starting raw material perylene dianhydride was brominated at 1,7-
positions of the perylene chromophore to yield brominated dianhydride (Br–PDA).
The product was imidized in the second step with a long dodecyl alkyl chain to yield
brominated perylene diimide (Br-PDI). Finally, the targeted core substituted perylene
diimide (PDI-m-Cresol) was synthesized upon bay substitution of perylene
chromophore with m-cresol. The final compound is highly pure and characterized by
FTIR, UV-vis and Emission measurements. For comparison, photophysics of the
intermediate products were carried out in parallel.
The absorption spectra of three perylene derivatives in nonpolar aprotic solvents and
polar protic solvents show characteristic aromatic π–π* transition absorption peaks.
In contrary, absorption in dipolar aprotic solvents shows irregular additional
absorption bands (Br-PDA in NMP; Br-PDI in DMF; and PDI-m-Cresol in DMF and
NMP) at higher wavelengths which were remained after microfiltering the solution.
Interestingly, the emission spectra of the three perylene derivatives have shown traditional three characteristic emission peaks and were not influenced by additional weak absorption bands.
Keywords: Perylene dyes, perylene derivatives, Bay-substitution, characterization of perylene derivatives.ÖZ :
Mükemmel bir aromatik konjugasyon yapısına sahip olan perilen boyar maddeleri pekçok uygulama alanında kullanılabilecek üstün özellikler sunmaktadırlar. En önemli üstünlüklerden biri gerek çekirdek/körfez gerekse imid pozisyonlarında çeşitli sübstitüentlerle perilen boyalarının fonksiyonelleştirilebilmesidir. Bu çalışmada, güneş hücreleri uygulamalarında kullanılmak amacıyle üç ardışık basamaklı reaksiyonlar ile körfez pozisyonunda fonksiyonleştirilen yeni bir perilen diimid sentezlenmiştir. İlk basamakta perilen anhidrit 1,7-pozisyonlarında bromlanmıştır (Br–PDA). İkinci basamakta dodesil sübsitientli ve bromlanmış diimid sentezlenmiştir (Br-PDI). En son basamakta ise perilen diimid körfez pozisyonunda m-kresol ile sübstitüe edilmiştir (PDI-m-Cresol). Saflandırılan ürünler FTIR, UV-Vis ve emisyon ölçümleri ile karakterize edilmiştir. Karşılaştırma için, ara ürünlerin fotofiziksel özellikleri de paralel biçimde incelenmiştir.Üç ayrı perilen türevinin apolar aprotik ve polar protik çözgenlerde ölçülen absorpsiyon spetrumlarında karakteristik π-π* geçiş absorpsiyon bandları gözlenmiştir. Buna karşın, dipolar aprotik çözgenlerde ölçülen absorpsiyon spektrumlarında mikro süzgeçten geçirildiğinde dahi yok olmayan düzensiz ve yeni bandlar gözlenmiştir (NMP'de Br-PDA; DMF'te Br-PDI; ve DMF ile NMP'de PDI-m-kresol).İlginç biçimde, üç ayrı perilen türevlerinin emisyon spektrumlarında düzensiz ve yeni absorbsiyon bandlarından etkilenmiyen karakteristik üç ayrı emisyon bandları yer almaktadır.
Keywords: perylene diimid, körfez sübstitüe, fotonik, solar hücre.engEastern Mediterranean University (EMU) - Doğu Akdeniz Üniversitesi (DAÜ)info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessChemistryDyes (Chemistry)Perylene DyesPhotochemistryPerylene dyesperylene derivativesBay-substitutioncharacterization of perylene derivativesSynthesis, Characterization and Optical Properties of a Bay- Functionalized Perylene Dye:N, N′-Didodecyl-1,7-di(3-methylphenoxy)- perylene-3,4:9,10-tetracarboxylic Acid BisimidemasterThesisEastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Dept. of ChemistryDepartment of Chemistry08 Faculty of Arts and SciencesTheses (Master's and Ph.D) – Chemistry
oai:i-rep.emu.edu.tr:11129/38162018-06-20T23:01:15Zhdl_11129_111Yılmaz, ElvanHadi, Jihad Mohammed2018-06-20T05:20:44Z2014-082014-08Hadi, Jihad Mohammed. (2014). Grafting of Poly (4-Vinyl Pyridine) onto Chitin under Heterogeneous Conditions. Thesis (M.S.), Eastern Mediterranean University, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Dept. of Chemistry, Famagusta: North Cyprus.http://hdl.handle.net/11129/3816Master of Science in Chemistry. Thesis (M.S.)--Eastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Dept. of Chemistry, 2014. Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Elvan Yılmaz.Chitin gel beads were prepared, crushed into powder and grafted with poly(4-
vinylpyridine) (P4VP) under nitrogen gas by using cerium ammonium nitrate(CAN)
as a redox initiator under heterogeneous conditions in toluene. The effect of the
amount of chitin, concentration of the monomer (4VP), amount of the initiator
(CAN), reaction time and temperature on the grafting percent has been studied. The
maximum grafting yield of poly (4-vinylpyridine) on to chitin beads was determined
to be 380%. The optimum conditions were 0.10 g of chitin, 10 mL of (4VP)
monomer, and 0.50 g of cerium ammonium nitrate (CAN) initiator at 60°C for one
hour reaction time. The grafted samples were found to be soluble in aqueous acidic
buffer solution (pH=1.2). The grafted and non grafted products were characterized by
FTIR spectroscopy, SEM, DSC and C13 NMR analysis.
Keywords: 4-vinylpyridine (4VP), chitin gel, redox initiated grafting.ÖZ :
Kitin jel boncuklar hazırlandıktan sonra ezilerek toz hale getirilmiş ve heterojen ortamda, seryum amonyum nitrat (CAN) başlatıcı kullanılarak azot atmosferinde poli(4-vinil piridin) (P4VP) ile toluen içinde aşılanmıştır. Kitin miktarı, monomer konsantrasyonu, başlatıcı konsantrasyonu, reaksiyon zamanı ve reaksiyon sıcaklığının aşılanma yüzdesi üzerindeki etkisi incelenmiştir. En yüksek aşılanma yüzdesi 0.10 g kitin, 10 mL 4VP, ve 0.50 g CAN kullanılarak 60°C sıcaklıkta bir saatlik reaksiyon süresi sonunda %380 olarak bulunmuştur. P4VP aşılanmış kitin örneklerinin asitli ortamda pH=1.2 tampon çözeltide çözündüğü gözlemlenmiştir. Aşılanmış ve aşılanmamış ürünler FTIR ve C-13 spektroskopisi yöntemleri ile ve DSC ve SEM analizi yapılarak karakterize edilmiştir.
Anahtar Kelimeler: 4-vinilpiridin, kitin jel, redoks başlatıcı, aşılanma.engEastern Mediterranean University (EMU) - Doğu Akdeniz Üniversitesi (DAÜ)info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessChemistryChitin - Chitosan4-vinylpyridine (4VP)chitin gelredox initiated graftingGrafting of Poly (4-Vinyl Pyridine) onto Chitin under Heterogeneous ConditionsmasterThesisEastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Dept. of ChemistryDepartment of Chemistry08 Faculty of Arts and SciencesTheses (Master's and Ph.D) – Chemistry
oai:i-rep.emu.edu.tr:11129/37462018-05-31T23:00:48Zhdl_11129_111İcil, HuriyeGalabe, Emile Muah2018-05-31T11:45:54Z2014-062014-06Galabe, Emile Muah. (2014). Synthesis and Optical properties of New Perylene Derivatives. Thesis (M.S.), Eastern Mediterranean University, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Dept. of Chemistry, Famagusta: North Cyprus.http://hdl.handle.net/11129/3746Master of Science in Chemistry. Thesis (M.S.)--Eastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Dept. of Chemistry, 2014. Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Huriye İcil.Versatile substituents of perylene chrmophores creates higher absorptions in visible region of absorption spectrum and also exhibits higher coefficients of molar extinction. Furthermore, they have the ability to emit light of almost unitary which signifies higher fluorescence quantum yields. Perylene dyes acts a major role in dye sensitized solar cells due to the presence of four carbonyl groups in its core which creates ease of accepting an electron.
In this research, N,N′-Bis(3,3,5,5-tetramethyl-4-piperidinyl)-3,4,9,10-perylenebis (dicarboximide) (PPDI) and N-(3,3,5,5-tetramethyl-4-piperidinyl)-3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic-3,4-anhydride-9,10-imide (PPMI) were sensitized and comparison of their photophysical properties were carried out. FTIR spectroscopy was used to characterize the compounds and their photophysical properties analyzed via absorption and emission spectroscopy.
All the perylene dyes synthesized showed very high molar absorptivity with the highest being 152000 M-1cm-1 obtained from PPMI. PPMI absorption spectrum shows a 4 nm blue shift in a polar aprotic solvent as a result of increased level of polarity and the stabilization of PPMI energy levels it induces on the structure.
Keywords: Perylene diimide, perylene tetracarboxylic acid, perylene monoimde, perylene carboxylic acid monoimide.ÖZ :
Çok Yönlü atomuna no oluşturur perylene chrmophores emilimler daha yüksek görünen bölge absorpsiyon spektrumu ve olduysa da daha yüksek varyasyon katsayıları molar sönme. Ayrıca, ışık yaydığından yeteneğine sahip olan hemen hemen devletin üniter anlamına gelmektedir uygulandığında flüoresans üreten kendinden aydınlatmalı kuvantum verimleri daha yüksek. Görevi görür Perylene boyalar önemli bir rol boya pozlandırmadan güneş enerjisi hücreleri bulunması nedeniyle dört carbonyl grubu oluşturan, temel kabul kolaylığı bir elektron.
Bu araştırma, N, N' -Bis(3,3,5,5-tetramethyl-4-piperidinyl)-3,4,9,10-perylenebis (dicarboximide) (PPDI) ve N- (3,3,5,5-tetramethyl-4-piperidinyl)-3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic-3,4-anhidrit-9,10-imide (PPMI) pozlandırmadan ve karşılaştırma, photophysical özellikleri gerçekleştirildi. FTIR spektroskopi, karakterize etmek için kullanılan bileşikler ve onların photophysical özellikleri üzerinden analiz emilim ve emisyon spektroskopi.
Gösterdi Tüm perylene boyalar sentezlenmiş çok yüksek molar absorptivity olan en yüksek 152000 M-1cm-1 elde PPMI. PPMI absorpsiyon spektrumu 4 nm mavi gösterir vardiya kutup ayısı aprotic solvent sonuç olarak artan düzeyde polarite ve stabilizasyonu PPMI enerji seviyelerine yankılanmaya neden olur.
Anahtar Sözcükler: Perylene diimide, perylene tetracarboxylic asit, perylene monoimde, perylene carboxylic asit monoimide.engEastern Mediterranean University (EMU) - Doğu Akdeniz Üniversitesi (DAÜ)info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessChemistryDyes (Chemistry)Perylene DyesPhotochemistryPerylene diimideperylene tetracarboxylic acidperylene monoimdeperylene carboxylic acid monoimideSynthesis and Optical properties of New Perylene DerivativesmasterThesisEastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Dept. of ChemistryDepartment of Chemistry08 Faculty of Arts and SciencesTheses (Master's and Ph.D) – Chemistry
oai:i-rep.emu.edu.tr:11129/37112018-06-19T10:10:42Zhdl_11129_111Yılmaz, Osman (Supervisor)Yalınca, Zülal (Co-Supervisor)Odinaka, Ahaka Edith2018-05-30T11:20:00Z2015-082015-08Odinaka, Ahaka Edith. (2015). Synthesis of Alginate-Graft-Poly(benzyl methacrylate) Copolymer by Chemical and UV Initiation. Thesis (M.S.), Eastern Mediterranean University, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Dept. of Chemistry, Famagusta: North Cyprus.http://hdl.handle.net/11129/3711Master of Science in Chemistry. Thesis (M.S.)--Eastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Dept. of Chemistry, 2015. Co-Supervisor: Dr. Zülal Yalınca, Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Osman Yılmaz.The subject of this thesis is to synthesize alginate-graft-poly(benzyl methacrylate) copolymer by two different approaches including chemical and UV initiation. The pros and cons of the grafting methods were examined by evaluating benzyl methacrylate: alginate ratio, type and amount of initiator, reaction duration and type of solvent on grafting yield. Grafting percentage was calculated gravimetrically. The highest grafting yield was obtained as 32.1% by UV initiation under 0.1g beads, 0.5 mL BMA with 2.5g 2.2-Dimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone (DMPA) and 2.5mL hexane. The dissolution properties tested in buffer media of pH 1.2, 7 and 11. Ciprofloxacin loading in water and release studies were performed in water and acidic media (pH 1.2). The ciprofloxacin release kinetics was investigated with four different models. The release kinetics in water is dependent on the diffusion rate as such fits into the Higuchi’s Model while that for the acidic media fitted best for the Korsmeryer-Peppas Model. In-vitro antibacterial activity of the products was examined. Grafted beads exhibited antibacterial activity however non-grafted beads did not show any inhibition.
Keywords: Alginate beads, Benzylmethacrylate, UV initiation, Antibacterial activity.ÖZ : Bu çalışmanın konusu aljinate-aşı-poli(benzil metakrilat) kopolimer sentezini kimyasal ve UV polimerizasyon yöntemleri ile sentezini gerçekleştirmekti. Seçilen aşılama yöntemlerinin artılarını ve eksilerini değerlendirmek için benzilmetakrilat: aljinat oranı, başlatıcı türü ve miktarı reaksiyon süresi ve çözücü türünün aşılama verimine etkisi incelendi. Yüzde aşılama verimi gravimetrik olarak hesaplandı. En yüksek aşılama verimi UV polimerizasyon yöntemi ile 0.1 g aljinat boncuklarının 0.5 mL BMA in 2.5 mL heksanda çözülmesi ile 2.5 g 2,2- Dimetoksi- 2 - fenilasetofenon (DMPA ) varlığında 32.1 % verim elde edildi. Ürünlerin pH 1.2 , 7 ve 11 tampon çözeltilerdeki şişme özellikleri tespit edildi. İlaç yükleme ve salımı için siprofloksasin seçilmiş ve ilaç yükleme suda, salımı için su ve asidik ortam ( pH 1.2 ) 'de gerçekleştirildi. Siprofloksasin salım kinetikleri dört farklı modellerle araştırılmıştır. In vitro olarak LB besiyer üzerinde E.coli bakterilerine karşın ürünlerin antibakteriyel aktiviteleri inhibisyon çapı ölçümleri ile incelendi . BMA aşılı boncuklar inhibisyon oluştururken aşılama olmayan aljinat boncukların antibakteriyal aktivite göstermediği tayin edildi Anahtar Kelimeler: Aljinat boncuklar, benzilmetakrilat, UV başlatma , Antibakteriyel aktivite .engEastern Mediterranean University (EMU) - Doğu Akdeniz Üniversitesi (DAÜ)info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessChemistryAlginate beadsBenzylmethacrylateUV initiationAntibacterial activitySynthesis of Alginate-Graft-Poly(benzyl methacrylate) Copolymer by Chemical and UV InitiationmasterThesisEastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Dept. of ChemistryDepartment of Chemistry08 Faculty of Arts and SciencesTheses (Master's and Ph.D) – Chemistry
oai:i-rep.emu.edu.tr:11129/37072018-05-30T23:01:26Zhdl_11129_111Gazi, MustafaNanfang, Ida Doris Kobou2018-05-30T11:13:43Z2015-082015-08Nanfang, Ida Doris Kobou. (2015). Anti-Bacterial Properties of Boron Cross-linked Chitosan/Poly (Vinyl Alcohol) Hydrogels Containing Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles. Thesis (M.S.), Eastern Mediterranean University, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Dept. of Chemistry, Famagusta: North Cyprus.http://hdl.handle.net/11129/3707Master of Science in Chemistry. Thesis (M.S.)--Eastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Dept. of Chemistry, 2015. Supervisor: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Mustafa Gazi.Chitosan is a hydrophilic and versatile polysaccharide possessing functional groups such as carbonyl and amine groups which are areas for antimicrobial activity. PVA has high degree of swelling in aqueous solutions and mostly blended with chitosan because of its good tensile strength and elastic nature. Six chitosan- PVA hydrogel samples were prepared by varying the amounts of chitosan and PVA, blending them with equal amounts of boric acid ( cross-linker), soaking them in sodium hydroxide overnight, washed several times with distilled water, freeze- thawed at -200 for 6hrs and + 370 for 2hrs respectively for 5 cycles, then dried in an oven and later analyzed. During the hydrogel preparations, the first three samples were blended without zinc oxide nanoparticles and the last three with equal amounts of zinc oxide nanoparticles. Swelling percentages of samples 1- 3 were evaluated in 2 ways: (1) soaking a known amount of each dried sample in distilled water while varying time. (2) soaking another known amount of dried samples in different pH buffer solutions for 24hrs. Its kinetics showed that: as the pH increases, their swelling % increases and starts dropping as the pH gets more basic and that the higher the amount of PVA in a sample, the higher its swelling % in water with increased time. The bacterial analysis of the samples were carried out in order to determine the effect of an increased amount of chitosan and of zinc oxide nanoparticles on bacterial growth. The LB agar medium was used for the culturing of the E.coli bacteria which is a gram negative bacteria possessing a thinner peptidoglycan membrane. The sample with the highest amount of Chitosan showed more inhibition than the others and the addition of nanoparticles to this sample showed an even more
greater inhibition towards the bacteria. Finally the Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and FTIR of the prepared hydrogels were done inorder to determine the surface structures of the hydrogels and the various functional groups present in each hydrogel respectively. Keywords : Chitosan-PVA hydrogel, Zinc oxide nanoparticles, Boric acid cross linker, Antibacterial properties, Swelling properties.ÖZ : Kitosan-PVA hidrojel örnekleri, değişik miktarda kitosan ile PVA’nın sırasıyla -20 °C'de 6 saat + 37 °C 2 saat süreyle ilk dondurma/çözülme döngüyle hazırlanmıştır. Bu örneklerin, 5 donma/çözülme döngülüyle hazırlanmış olması sonucundaki kristallindeki artışla son derece esnek hidrojeller oluşmuştur. Eşit miktarda borik asitle çaprazbağlanmış çeşitli örnekler gece boyunca NaOH çözeltisiyle muamele edilmiş ardından hidrojel memran 5 kez saf suda durulanarak temizlenmiş ve 24 saat + 80 ° C'de bir fırında kurutulmuştur.Çinko oksit nanopartikülleri içermeyen numunelerin Şişme yüzdeleri iki yolla belirlendi: Birincisi, değişik zaman aralığında bilinen miktarlardaki kuru örneklerin saf su içerisideki, ikincisi ise farklı tampon çözeltilerindeki 24 saatlik etkileşimleridir. Kinetiğinden pH arttıkça % şişmede artış gözlenirken, pH ın oldukça yüksek, bazik şartlarında ise düşüş gözlenmektedir. Sudaki örneklerinden PVA miktarının artması PVA’ün sudaki çözünebilmesi özelliğinden, kitosanın ise çözünmeme özelliğinden dolayı şişmeyi arttıracaktır. ZnO nanopartikülleri içeren ve içermeyen örnekler için antibakteriyel özellikler, öncelikle kitosanın ve PVA miktarlarının bakteri çoğalmasına etkisi ile, ikinci olarak bu örneklerin nanopartikül içermesi durumundaki bakteri çoğalmasını önleyici etkisi olup olmadığıyla belirlenmiştir. LB agar ortamı daha ince bir peptidoglikan membran sahip olan bir Gram negatif bakteridir ve E.coli bakteri kültürünün oluşturulması için kullanılmıştır. Yüksek miktarda kitosan içeren örneklerin diğer örneklere göre, bakteri çoğalmasına karşın daha fazla önleyici etkisi olmuştur ve bu önleyici etki nanopartikül ilavesiyle artış göstermiştir. Son olarak hazırlanan örneklerin analizleri SEM ve FTIR ile yapılmıştır.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Kitosan-PVA hidrojel, Çinko oksit nanaopartikülleri, Borik asit çaprazbağlayıcı, Antibakteriyel özellikler, Şişme özellikleriengEastern Mediterranean University (EMU) - Doğu Akdeniz Üniversitesi (DAÜ)info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessChemistryChitosan-PVA hydrogelZinc oxide nanoparticlesBoric acid cross linkerAntibacterial propertiesSwelling propertiesAnti-Bacterial Properties of Boron Cross-linked Chitosan/Poly (Vinyl Alcohol) Hydrogels Containing Zinc Oxide NanoparticlesmasterThesisEastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Dept. of ChemistryDepartment of Chemistry08 Faculty of Arts and SciencesTheses (Master's and Ph.D) – Chemistry
oai:i-rep.emu.edu.tr:11129/37742018-06-19T10:16:45Zhdl_11129_111İcil, Huriye (Supervisor)Aydınlık, Nur P. (Co-Supervisor)Sherko, Saween Nariman Mawlood2018-06-14T07:23:22Z2014-062014-06Sherko, Saween Nariman Mawlood. (2014). Synthesis and Characterization of Perylene Chromophoric Ligands for DNA Binding. Thesis (M.S.), Eastern Mediterranean University, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Dept. of Chemistry, Famagusta: North Cyprus.http://hdl.handle.net/11129/3774Master of Science in Chemistry. Thesis (M.S.)--Eastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Dept. of Chemistry, 2014. Co-Supervisor: Assist. Prof. Dr. Nur P. Aydınlık, Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Huriye İcil.Perylene chromophoric derivatives are versatile compounds for many applications in various fields. Excellent optical properties such as high extinction coefficients and strong fluorescence combined with ease in electron accepting ability are the most notable advantages of perylene diimides.
This project is focused on the synthesis of different kinds of perylene dyes. A Perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic acid monoanhydride monopotassium carboxylate (K-Salt), N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic acid-3,4-anhydride-9,10-imide (OHPMI) and N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-perylene-3,4-dicarboximide-9,10-di (isopropyloxy.carbonyl) (OHPMI-DIESTER) are synthesized. The final perylene derivative (OHPMI-DIESTER) was synthesized by consecutive reactions. OHPMI-DıESTER was especially designed to bind with DNA.
The synthesized perylene derivatives are characterized by FTIR. Their optical properties are investigated by UV-Vis and emission techniques.
Keywords: K-Salt, perylene monoimide, OHPMI-Diester, extinction coefficient.ÖZ :
Kromoforik perilen türevleri pek çok uygulama için çok yönlü birleşiklerdir. Kolay electron kabul yeteneği kolaylığı, yüksek soğurma katsayısı ve güçlü fluoresans gibi özelliklerinin birleşmesi perilen türevlerinin en önemli avantajlarındandır.
Bu projede farklı tür perilen boyaların sentezi üzerine odaklanılmıştır. Perylene-3,4,9,10-tetrakarboksilik asit monoanhidrit monopotasyum karboksilat (K-tuzu), N-(4-hidroksifenil)-3,4,9,10-perilentetrakarboksilik asit-3,4-anhidrit-9,10-imid (OHPMI), ve N-(4-hidroksifenil)-perilen-3,4-dikarboksimid-9,10-di (izopropiloksikarbonil) (OHPMI-DIESTER) sentezlenmiştir. Son perilen türevi (OHPMI-DIESTER) ardışık tepkimeler ile sentezlendi. OHPMI-DIESTER‟in özellikle DNA‟ya bağlanabilmesi için tasarlanmıştır.
Sentezlenen perilen türevleri FTIR ile karakterize edilmiştir. Optik özellikleri UV-Vis ve emisyon teknikler ile incelenmiştir.
Anahtar Kelimeler: K-Tuzu, perilen monoimid, OHPMI-Diester, soğurma katsayısı.engEastern Mediterranean University (EMU) - Doğu Akdeniz Üniversitesi (DAÜ)info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessChemistryDyes (Chemistry)Perylene DyesPhotochemistryOrganic conductorsK-Saltperylene monoimideOHPMI-Diesterextinction coefficientSynthesis and Characterization of Perylene Chromophoric Ligands for DNA BindingmasterThesisEastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Dept. of ChemistryDepartment of Chemistry08 Faculty of Arts and SciencesTheses (Master's and Ph.D) – Chemistry
oai:i-rep.emu.edu.tr:11129/37692018-06-14T23:01:15Zhdl_11129_111İcil, HuriyeAl-Zebari, Brhan Ramadhan2018-06-14T06:47:44Z2014-062014-06Al-Zebari, Brhan Ramadhan. (2014). Synthesis and Characterization of a New Perylene Anhydride Derivative Functionalized at the Bay Region. Thesis (M.S.), Eastern Mediterranean University, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Dept. of Chemistry, Famagusta: North Cyprus.http://hdl.handle.net/11129/3769Master of Science in Chemistry. Thesis (M.S.)--Eastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Dept. of Chemistry, 2014. Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Huriye İcil.Perylene chromophore has an outstanding aromatic conjugation. The functionalization at the bay and imide positions brings great advantages. Specifically, functionalization at the bay region via long alkyl chain improves the solubility as well as the optical and electrochemical properties.
In this thesis study, we have synthesized a new bay-substituted perylene dianhydride, (1,7-di(2-decyl-1-tetradecanoyl)-perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic dianhydride; decanol-PDA) in two steps. In the first step, the bay positions (1, 7-positions) of perylene dianhydride (PDA) were brominated (Br-PDA). In the second step, the targeted bay substituted perylene dianhydride (decanol-PDA) was synthesized through bay substitution of perylene core with 2-decyl-1-tetradecanol.
The product was purified and characterized by using FTIR spectroscopy, UV-vis spectroscopy and emission spectroscopy. Expectively, the synthesized product showed enhanced solubility comparing perylene anhydride.
The UV-vis absorption spectra of the two synthesized perylene derivatives in nonpolar solvents showed three characteristic absorption bands, that are belonging to π–π* electronic transitions of perylene chromophore. While, the UV-vis absorption spectra in dipolar aprotic solvents showed additional absorption bands at higher wavelength. The emission spectra of the synthesized compounds showed excimer-like emission spectra in nonpolar and dipolar aprotic solvent.
Keywords: Perylene dianhydride, bay-substitution, optical and photophysical properties.ÖZ :
Perilen kromoforu zengin aromatik yapıdadır. Gerek körfez gerekse imid bölgesinde fonksiyonlaştırma sayesinde çok farklı fotonik özelliklere ulaşılabilmesi avantaj teşkil etmektedir. Körfez bölgesinde özellikle uzun ve dallanmış yapıda alkiller ile fonksiyonlaştırma çözünürlük yanında optik ve elektrokimyasal özellikleri değiştirilebilmektedir.
Bu çalışmada 1,7-di(2-desil-1-tetradekanoil)-perilen-3,4,9,10-tetrakarboksilik dianhidrit (Decanol-PDA) iki aşamada sentezlenmiştir. İlk aşamada körfez bölgesinde bromlanma gerçekleştirilerek (1,7-pozisyonları) bromlanmış perilen dianhidrit elde edilmiştir (Br-PDA). İkinci aşamada ise hedeflenen körfez sübstitüe ürün 2-desil-1-tetradekanol kullanımıyle substitasyon reaksiyonu ile sentezlenmiştir.
Ürün saflandırılarak FTIR, UV-vis ve emisyon spekroskopi yöntemleri kullanılarak karakterize edilmiştir. Bekendiği gibi ürünün organik çözgenlerdeki çözünürlüğü perilen dianhidrite gore oldukça yüksektir.
Sentezlenen iki ürünün apolar çözgenlerde alınan UV-vis absorpsiyon spektrumlarında π–π* elektronik geçişlerini gösteren karakteristik üç band elde edilmiştir. Halbuki dipolar aprotik çözücülerde uzun dalga boylarında ek bandlar gözlenmiştir. Ürünler gerek apolar gerekse dipolar aprotik çözücülerde ekzimer emisyonu vermektedir.
Keywords: Perilen dianhidrit, körfez substitasyon, optik ve fotofiziksel özelliklerengEastern Mediterranean University (EMU) - Doğu Akdeniz Üniversitesi (DAÜ)info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessChemistryDyes (Chemistry)Perylene DyesPhotochemistryPerylene dianhydridebay-substitutionoptical and photophysical propertiesSynthesis and Characterization of a New Perylene Anhydride Derivative Functionalized at the Bay RegionmasterThesisEastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Dept. of ChemistryDepartment of Chemistry08 Faculty of Arts and SciencesTheses (Master's and Ph.D) – Chemistry
oai:i-rep.emu.edu.tr:11129/36982018-05-28T23:01:04Zhdl_11129_111İcil, HuriyeAli, Haval Mohammed2018-05-28T12:39:44Z2014-012014-01Ali, Haval Mohammed. (2014). A Comparison of Photophysical Properties of A Chiral Perylene Monoimide with 3,4,9,10-Perylenetetracarboxylic Acid. Thesis (M.S.), Eastern Mediterranean University, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Dept. of Chemistry, Famagusta: North Cyprus.http://hdl.handle.net/11129/3698Master of Science in Chemistry. Thesis (M.S.)--Eastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Dept. of Chemistry, 2014. Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Huriye İcil.The perylene chromophore with versatile substituents offers strong absorption in the visible region with high molar extinction coefficients. Moreover, they are capable of emitting light with high fluorescence quantum yields near unity. The four carbonyl groups present in the core structure facilitate ease of accepting electrons and therefore perylene dyes plays important role for dye sensitized solar cells.
In this project, perylene -3,4,9,10 tetracarboxylic acid (PTCA) and perylene-3,4-dicarboxylic-9,10-(R)(+)1phenylethyl)-carboximide (R-CPMI) were synthesized and their photophysical properties were compared. The synthesized compounds were characterized by FT-IR spectroscopy and photophysical properties were studied by absorption and emission spectroscopy.
All the synthesized dyes have very high molar absorptivities. The highest value is obtained for R-CPMI 114000 M−1 cm−1. PTCA and PDA absorption spectra indicate aggregation formation where dye-dye molecular interaction in PTCA is higher than PDA. Introducing a chiral substituent at one end of the PTCA breaks dye-dye molecular interaction in polar aprotic solvents. R-CPMI absorption spectrum in polar protic solvent display 9 nm blue shift due to hydrogen bonding.
Keywords: Perylene diimide, perylene monoimide, perylene carboxylic acid monoimide, perylene tetracarboxylic acidÖZ :
Perilen boyaları çok yönlü sübstitüentlerle görünür bölgede, yüksek molar absorplama sabitleri ile güçlü absorblama sunmaktadırlar. Ayrıca, bire yakın floresan kuantum verimleri ile ışık yayma yeteneğine sahiptirler. Perilenin çekirdek yapısında bulunan dört karbonil grupu elektron alabilme özelliğini kolaylaştırmakta ve bu nedenle, perilen boyaları güneş pillerinde önemli rol oynamaktadırlar. Bu projede, perilen-3,4,9,10 tetrakarboksilik asit (PTCA) ve perilen3,4dikarboksilik9, 10 (R)(+)1feniletil)karboksimid (R-CPMI) sentezlenmiş ve bunların fotofiziksel özellikleri karşılaştırılmıştır. Sentezlenen bileşikler FT-IR spektroskopisi ile karakterize edilmiş ve fotofiziksel özellikleri absorpsiyon ve emisyon spektroskopisi ile incelenmiştir.
Sentezlenen tüm boyalar çok yüksek molar absorplama özelliğine sahiptir. En yüksek değer 114000 M1 cm1 olarak R-CPMI için elde edilmiştir. PTCA ve PDA absorpsiyon spektrumları her iki bileşikte de agregasyon oluşumunu göstermekte ve boya-boya moleküler etkileşiminin PTCA'de PDA'e göre daha yüksek olduğu tespit edilmiştir. PTCA'in bir ucunda bir kiral sübstitüe bağlanması ile polar aprotik çözücü maddeler içerisinde boya-boya moleküler etkileşiminin kırıldığı tespit edilmiştir. R-CPMI'in polar protik çözücüdeki absorbsiyon spektrumu, hidrojen bağı nedeni ile, 9 nm daha kısa dalga boylu bölgeye kayma olduğunu göstermektedir.
Anahtar kelimeler: Perilen diimid, perilen monoimid, perilen karboksilik asit monoimide, perilen tetrakarboksilik asitengEastern Mediterranean University (EMU) - Doğu Akdeniz Üniversitesi (DAÜ)info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessChemistryDyes (Chemistry)Perylene DyesPhotochemistryPerylene diimideperylene monoimideperylene carboxylic acid monoimideperylene tetracarboxylic acidA Comparison of Photophysical Properties of A Chiral Perylene Monoimide with 3,4,9,10-Perylenetetracarboxylic AcidmasterThesisEastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Dept. of ChemistryDepartment of Chemistry08 Faculty of Arts and SciencesTheses (Master's and Ph.D) – Chemistry
oai:i-rep.emu.edu.tr:11129/39092018-08-07T23:00:56Zhdl_11129_111Yılmaz, ElvanHezarkhani, Marjan2018-08-07T07:37:31Z2015-022015-02Hezarkhani, Marjan. (2015). Cationic Pullulan via Poly(N-vinylimidazole) Grafting . Thesis (M.S.), Eastern Mediterranean University, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Dept. of Chemistry, Famagusta: North Cyprus.http://hdl.handle.net/11129/3909Master of Science in Chemistry. Thesis (M.S.)--Eastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Dept. of Chemistry, 2015. Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Elvan Yılmaz.In this thesis, the possibility of grafting poly N-Vinylimidazole (PNVI) onto pullulan
was investigated under homogenous and heterogenous conditions using potassium
persulphate (KPS) and cerium(IV) ammonium nitrate (CAN) as redox initiators. It
was found out that grafting of PNVI onto pullulan was succesful under
heterogeneous conditions using any one of the initiators, CAN or KPS. Pullulangraft-
PNVI was obtained using 0.1000 g pullulan, 10 mL NVI , 0.5 g CAN at 60 C
for one hour in 100 mL toluene under nitrogen atmosphere with a grafting yield of
103%. Another pullulan-graft-PNVI sample was obtained under similar conditions
using 0.5 g KPS with 162% grafting yield. Aqueous homogeneous reaction medium
was not suitable for PNVI grafting onto pullulan.
Keywords: pullulan, graft copolymer, redox initiation, PNVIÖZ :
Bu çalışmada poli(N-vinilimidazol)’un (PNVI) pululan üzerine aşılanma koşulları
araştırılmıştır. Aşılanma reaksiyonu homojen ve heterojen koşullarda potasyum per
sülfat (KPS) ve seryum (IV) amonyum nitrat (CAN) redoks başlatıcı kullanılarak
çalışılmıştır. Aşılanma reaksiyonunun heterojen ortamda hem KPS hem de CAN
başlatıcı ile gerçekleştiği saptanmıştır. Örneğin 0.5 g CAN başlatıcı ile 100 mL
tolüen içinde ve azot atmosferinde, 60 C sıcaklıkta 0.100 g pululan ve 10 mL NVI
kullanılarak %103 aşılanma verimi elde edilmiştir. Benzer koşullarda 0.5 g KPS
başlatıcı ile ise %162 aşılanma verimi ile ürün elde edilmiştir. Sulu homojen ortamın
ise pululan üzerine aşılanma reaksiyonu için uygun bir ortam olmadığı tesbit
edilmiştir.
Anahtar kelimeler: pululan, PNVI, redoks başlatıcı, aşı kopolimerengEastern Mediterranean University (EMU) - Doğu Akdeniz Üniversitesi (DAÜ)info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessChemistryPullulangraft copolymerredox initiationPNVICationic Pullulan via Poly(N-vinylimidazole) GraftingmasterThesisEastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Dept. of ChemistryDepartment of Chemistry08 Faculty of Arts and SciencesTheses (Master's and Ph.D) – Chemistry
oai:i-rep.emu.edu.tr:11129/37092018-05-30T23:01:43Zhdl_11129_111Yılmaz, ElvanBibilari, Akinbiyi Lanre2018-05-30T11:17:07Z2015-082015-08Bibilari, Akinbiyi Lanre. (2015). Synthesis and Characterization of Poly[2-(diethylamino ethyl methacrylate)] Hydrogels . Thesis (M.S.), Eastern Mediterranean University, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Dept. of Chemistry, Famagusta: North Cyprus.http://hdl.handle.net/11129/3709Master of Science in Chemistry. Thesis (M.S.)--Eastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Dept. of Chemistry, 2015. Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Elvan Yılmaz.Poly[2-(diethylamino ethyl methacrylate)] (PDEAEM) and its ethylene glycol
dimethacrylate (EGDMA) cross-linked hydrogels were synthesized by free radical
polymerization. Chemical structure was characterized by FTIR spectroscopy. The
morphology of the homopolymer and of the hydrogels was investigated by SEM
analysis. Swelling properties of the EGDMA crosslinked hydrogels of PDEAEM
were followed under acidic and neutral conditions. The results revealed weakly pH
responsive swelling behaviour with equilibrium swelling capacity values of 50% in
acidic medium and 30% in distilled water. The drug loading and delivery properties
of the homopolymer and its hydrogels were investigated using ciprofloxacin HCl as
the model compound. EGDMA crosslinked hydrogels of PDEAEM exhibited 35%
CFX loading capacity at pH=4 in 72 h. A percent cumulative drug release value of
60 was obtained with the hydrogel that (DEAEM/EGDMA = 1:7.5 by mole) within 2
hours in acidic solution.
Keywords: 2-(diethylamino ethyl methacrylate), ethylene glycol dimethacrylate,
hydrogels, ciprofloxacin-HCl, potassium persulfate, free radical polymerization.ÖZ :
Bu çalışmada poli[2-(dietilamino etil metakrilat)] (PDEAEM) homopolimer ve onun
etilen glikol dimetakrilat (EGDMA) ile çapraz bağlanmış hidrojellerinin sentezi ve
karakterizasyonu incelenmiştir. Polimerler serbest radikal polimerleşmesi yöntemi ile
çözelti içinde azot ortamında sentezlenmiştir. Ürünlerin kimyasal yapısı FTIR
spektroskopisi ile, morfolojisi ise SEM analizi yöntemi ile belirlenmiştir. Ürünlerin
şişme davranışları asidik ortamda ve saf suda takip edilmiştir. Asidik ortamda %50,
saf suda ise %30 oranında ağırlıkça şişme saptanmıştır. Bu durumda hidrojellerin
zayıf da olsa pH’a bağlı şişme davranışı gösterdikleri anlaşılmıştır. Homopolimerin
ve hidrojellerin ilaç hapsetme ve ilaç salım özellikleri ciprofloxacin HCl antibiyotik
ilaç model alınarak araştırılmıştır. EGDMA ile çapraz bağlanmış PDEAEM
hidrojellerin pH=4 çözelti içinde 72 saat sonunda %35 CFX yüklenme kapasitesine
sahip olduğu ve (DEAEM/EGDMA = 1:7.5 mol oranı) hidrojel örneğinin hapsedilen
ilacın %60’ını asitli ortamda 2 saat içinde saldığı belirlenmiştir.
Anahtar Kelimeler: 2-(dietilamino etil metakrilat), etilen glikol dimetakrilat,
hidrojel, siprofloksasin-HCl, potassium persülfat, serbest radikal polimerleşme.engEastern Mediterranean University (EMU) - Doğu Akdeniz Üniversitesi (DAÜ)info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessChemistry2-(diethylamino ethyl methacrylate)ethylene glycol dimethacrylatehydrogelsciprofloxacin-HClpotassium persulfatefree radical polymerizationSynthesis and Characterization of Poly[2-(diethylamino ethyl methacrylate)] HydrogelsmasterThesisEastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Dept. of ChemistryDepartment of Chemistry08 Faculty of Arts and SciencesTheses (Master's and Ph.D) – Chemistry
oai:i-rep.emu.edu.tr:11129/37712018-06-14T23:01:24Zhdl_11129_111Yalınca, Zulal (Co-Supervisor)Yılmaz, Elvan (Supervisor)Sirotina, Uliana2018-06-14T07:00:49Z2015-092015-09Sirotina, Uliana. (2015). Hydrogels of Chitosan-graft-Poly(diethylamino ethyl methacrylate). Thesis (M.S.), Eastern Mediterranean University, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Dept. of Chemistry, Famagusta: North Cyprus.http://hdl.handle.net/11129/3771Master of Science in Chemistry. Thesis (M.S.)--Eastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Dept. of Chemistry, 2015. Co-Supervisor: Dr. Zulal Yalınca, Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Elvan Yılmaz.Poly(diethylamino) ethyl methacrylate, poly(DEAEM), was grafted onto chitosan, CH, under homogenous and heterogeneous conditions by using potassium persulphate, KPS, as the initiator to obtain pH responsive copolymers. The product, soluble in aqueous solution, was crosslinked with glutaraldehyde, GA. Gelation times of GA crosslinked CH and GA crosslinked CH-graft-poly(DEAEM) gels were experimentally found, and their swelling properties in aqueous solution were followed. Obtained samples were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis and FT-IR analysis.
CH-TPP beads were prepared by coagulating CH in acetic acid solution in aqueous tripolyphosphate, TPP, solution. Then the beads were grafted by poly(DEAEM) by redox initiation.
The antibiotic ciprofloxacin was loaded into the gel and drug release from CH-TPP beads and CH-TPP-graft-poly(DEAEM) beads was investigated.
Keywords: chitosan gel, copolymerization, drug release, smart polymerÖZ :
Poly(dietilamino) etil metakrilat, poli(DEAEM), kitosan (CH) üzerine homojen ve heterojen ortamda potasyum persülfat (KPS) redoks başlatıcı kullanılarak aşılanmıştır. Bu yöntemle pH’a duyarlı kopolimerler elde etmek amaçlanmıştır. Asitli sulu çözeltide çözünen kopolimer glutaraldehit (GA) çapraz bağlayıcı ile reaksiyona sokularak hidrojeller elde edilmiştir. GA-CH ve GA-CH-aşı-poli(DEAEM) örneklerinin GA ile çapraz bağlanmak suretiyle jelleşme süreleri ölçülerek birbirleriyle karşılaştırılmıştır. Elde edilen jellerin sulu asitli, nötral ve bazik sulu ortamda şişme davranışları incelenmiştir. Örnekler taramalı electron mikroskobu (SEM) ve FTIR töntemleri ile karakterize edilmiştir.
CH-TPP jel boncuklar kitosanın sodium tripolifosfat çözeltisi içinde koagülasyonu ile elde edilerek poli(DEAEM) aşılanarak modifiye edilmiştir.
Elde edilen örnekler yukarda analtıldığı gibi karakterize edilmiş ve siprofloksasin yüklenerek sistemin ilaç salım davranışı incelenmiştir.
Anahtar Kelimeler: kitosan jel, kopolimerizasyon, ilaç salımı, akıllı polimerengEastern Mediterranean University (EMU) - Doğu Akdeniz Üniversitesi (DAÜ)info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessChemistrychitosan gelcopolymerizationdrug releasesmart polymerHydrogels of Chitosan-graft-Poly(diethylamino ethyl methacrylate)masterThesisEastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Dept. of ChemistryDepartment of Chemistry08 Faculty of Arts and SciencesTheses (Master's and Ph.D) – Chemistry
oai:i-rep.emu.edu.tr:11129/36942018-06-19T10:09:08Zhdl_11129_111Gazi, Mustafa (Supervisor)Gülcan, Ozan Hayrettin (Co-Supervisor)Ojoro, Zainab Eniola2018-05-28T12:10:29Z2015-082015-08Ojoro, Zainab Eniola. (2015). Microwave Assisted Facile Synthesis of Zinc-Oxide-Activated Carbon Nanocomposite for Photo-Fenton Degradation of Phenol. Thesis (M.S.), Eastern Mediterranean University, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Dept. of Chemistry, Famagusta: North Cyprus.http://hdl.handle.net/11129/3694Master of Science in Chemistry. Thesis (M.S.)--Eastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Dept. of Chemistry, 2015. Co-Supervisor: Assist. Prof. Dr. Ozan Hayrettin Gülcan, Supervisor: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Mustafa Gazi.This work describes simultaneous removal of phenol and photocatalytic experiment to degrade phenol from aqueous solution. Microwave assisted facile synthesis of ZnO-activated carbon nanocomposite for phenol removal employs the use of activated carbon synthesized from waste palm seeds in an easily achievable, cheap and fast method to degrade and remove phenol by depositing ZnO on the activated carbon to produce a rich nanocomposite of Ac-ZnO for subsequent adsorption of phenol onto the activated carbon’s surface, followed by photocatalytic degradation of phenol.
Further characterization of the nanocomposite produced was achieved using FTIR, pH point of zero charge and SEM analysis. The following studies were optimized; effect of pH, concentration, adsorbent dosage, effect of contact time and photocatalytic experiment. Based on this experiment, phenol adsorption followed kinetics of the pseudo-first order , maximum phenol adsorption of 39.62mg/g, was recorded at pH 5.0, 0.2g of adsorbent, 400mg/L of phenol under sunlight, this shows an improvement in catalytic activity of phenol aided by sunlight irradiation and introduction of •OH radicals gotten from of H202 to oxidize and degrade phenol.
Keywords: Activated Carbon, adsorption, Palm seeds, photocatalysis, phenol.ÖZ :
Bu çalışma, sulu bir çözeltiden fenolün giderimi ile aynı anda fotokatalitik yöntemle fenolün parçalanmasını tanımlamaktadır. Mikrodalga destekli olarak ZnO-Aktif karbon nanokompozitik olaylıkla sentezlenerek fenol gideriminde kullanılmıştır. Atık palmiye tohumundan elde edilmiş aktif karbonun ZnO ile zenginleştirilmiş nanokompoziti olan Ac-ZnO, sırasıyla aktif karbon yüzeyinde adsorpsiyon ardından fotokatalitik parçalanma ile fenolü kolay, ucuz ve hızlı bir yöntemle giderimiştir.
FTIR, pH noktası Zero Charge ve SEM analizleri kullanılarak üretilen nanokompozitin ileri karakterizasyonu elde edilmiştir. Aşağıdaki çalışmalar optimize edilmiştir; pH, konsantrasyon, adsorban dozajı, temas süresi ve fotokatalitik deney etkisi etkisi.Bu deneye göre, fenol adsorpsiyonun yalancı birinci mertebe kinetiğine uymaktadır ve 400 mg/L fenole karşın pH 5.0 da 0.2 g adsorbent, güneşışığıaltında H2O2 oksidasyonu ile oluşan .OH radikallerinin fenolü parçalama etkisiyle 39.62 mg/g değerindeki maksimum fenol adsorpsiyonuna ulaşmıştır.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Aktif Karbon, adsorpsiyon, Palmiye tohumu, fotokataliz, fenol.engEastern Mediterranean University (EMU) - Doğu Akdeniz Üniversitesi (DAÜ)info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessChemistryActivated CarbonadsorptionPalm seedsphotocatalysisphenolMicrowave Assisted Facile Synthesis of Zinc-Oxide-Activated Carbon Nanocomposite for Photo-Fenton Degradation of PhenolmasterThesisEastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Dept. of ChemistryDepartment of Chemistry08 Faculty of Arts and SciencesTheses (Master's and Ph.D) – Chemistry
oai:i-rep.emu.edu.tr:11129/39222018-08-10T23:01:06Zhdl_11129_111Gazi, MustafaOladipo, Akeem Adeyemi2018-08-10T05:51:35Z2015-092015-09Oladipo, Akeem Adeyemi. (2015). Preparation, Characterization and Dye/Heavy Metal Adsorption Properties of Bio-based Composites. Thesis (Ph.D.), Eastern Mediterranean University, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Dept. of Chemistry, Famagusta: North Cyprus.http://hdl.handle.net/11129/3922Doctor of Philosophy in Chemistry. Thesis (Ph.D.)--Eastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Dept. of Chemistry, 2015. Supervisor: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Mustafa Gazi.Biomagnetic composite based on raw Ferula communis and polyacrylamide (MBFC)
was synthesized. The MBFC proved to be an effective and high performance
adsorbent for the removal of heavy metals, acidic and basic dyes from simulated
effluents by batch and fixed-bed experiments. The morphology, surface and
magnetic properties of the as-prepared MBFC were examined by Boehm titration;
scanning electron microscope and Fourier transform infrared techniques. The
sorption process was optimized via Box-Behnken approach and techno-economic
analysis completed using central composite design.
The adsorption isotherm, kinetics and parametric behaviors of the pollutants were
investigated, and detailed explanation of the results is discussed. The maximum
removal efficiencies of the pollutants of 69.3─96.9% were obtained at the optimum
operation conditions of 50 mgL─1 initial adsorbate concentration, 100 mg MBFC
dose, 360 min contact time, pH 4.0 (acidic dyes) and pH 7.0 (basic dyes and heavy
metal ions). The rate-controlling mechanism is discussed in terms of intraparticle
diffusion, and the actual step was confirmed by Boyd model. Finally, the efficiency
and stability of MBFC were assessed via several regeneration-reuse cycles.
Keywords: Bio-based composite; acid dyes; basic dyes; heavy metals; adsorption
optimization; modeling; thermokinetic studies.Ham Ferula communis ve poliakrilamid esaslı biyomanyetik kompozit (MBFC)
sentezlenmiştir. MBFC’ın batch ve sabit yatak deneyleriyle ağır metaller, asidik ve
bazik boyaların simule atıklarından giderimi için etkili ve yüksek performaslı bir
adsorbent olduğu kanıtlandı. Hazırlanmış MBFC’nin morfolojisi, yüzey ve manyetik
özellikleri Boehm titrasyonu; taramalı elektron mikroskobu ve Fourier kızılötesi
dönüşüm teknikleri ile incelenmiştir. Sorpsiyon süreci Box-Behnken yaklaşımı ile
optimize edilmiş ve merkezi kompozit tasarım kullanarak tekno-ekonomik analizi
tamamlanmıştır.
Adsorpsiyon izotermi, kinetik ve kirletici parametrik davranışlar araştırıldı ve
sonuçların detaylı açıklamaları tartışılmıştır. Kirleticiler için maksimum giderim
etkinliği, 50 mgL─1 başlangıç adsorbat konsantrasyonu, 100 mg MBFC dozunda
360 dakika temas süresi, pH 4,0 (asidik boyalar) ve pH 7.0 (bazik boya ve ağır metal
iyonları) optimum çalışma koşullarında % 69.3─96.9 olarak belirlenmiştir. Orankontrol
mekanizması partikül içi difüzyon açısından ele alınmış ve gerçek aşama
Boyd modeli ile teyit edilmiştir. Son olarak, MBFC’nin etkinliği ve stabilitesi birçok
rejenerasyon-yeniden döngüleri ile değerlendirilmiştir.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Biyo-bazlı kompozit; asidik boyalar; bazik boyalar; ağır
metaller; adsorpsiyon optimizasyon; modelleme; termokinetik çalşma.engEastern Mediterranean University (EMU) - Doğu Akdeniz Üniversitesi (DAÜ)info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessChemistryBio-based compositeacid dyesbasic dyesheavy metalsadsorption optimizationmodelingthermokinetic studiesPreparation, Characterization and Dye/Heavy Metal Adsorption Properties of Bio-based CompositesdoctoralThesisEastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Dept. of ChemistryDepartment of Chemistry08 Faculty of Arts and SciencesTheses (Master's and Ph.D) – Chemistry
oai:i-rep.emu.edu.tr:11129/38342018-06-20T23:01:56Zhdl_11129_111İcil, HuriyeAleshinloye, Abimbola Ololade2018-06-20T10:06:17Z2015-012015-01Aleshinloye, Abimbola Ololade. (2015). Synthesis and Properties of Donor-Acceptor Conjugated Macromolecules as N-Type Semiconductor for Organic Solar Cells. Thesis (Ph.D.), Eastern Mediterranean University, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Dept. of Chemistry, Famagusta: North Cyprus.http://hdl.handle.net/11129/3834Doctor of Philosophy in Chemistry. Thesis (Ph.D.)--Eastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Dept. of Chemistry, 2015. Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Huriye İcil.The fabrication of novel molecular dyes with suitable absorptive properties for
photon harvesting is an essential area to search on for efficient photovoltaic cells.
Perylene diimides show vibronic absorption band at the middle of visible region of
solar irradiation. Introduction of substituents onto the perylene bay region usually
perturbs the orbital energy of the perylene π-π intermolecular system which
eventually leads to shifting of the absorption maximum to longer wavelength. In this
thesis, the electrochemical properties of chiral multichromophoric macromolecule
(NPM) and its components were well studied. NPM exhibited low band gap energies
of 2.25 V and 1.7 V in solution and solid-state, respectively. Also, three novel
macromolecular bay-substituted perylene diimides have been synthesized
successfully and photophsically characterized namely, N,N'-Di(dodecyl)-1,7-
diphenoxylperylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxy diimide (BP-PDD), N,N'-Di(5-amino-3-
pyrimidinethiol)-1,7-diphenoxyperylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxy diimide (BP-PPD)
and N,N'-Di(2,2,4(2,4,4)-trimethyl-6-aminohexyl))-1,7-di(1-amino-4-
ethanolpiperidyl)perylene-3,4,9,10-diimide (TPE-PDI). All the synthesized
compounds possess appreciable longer wavelength comparing them with their parent
perylene diimides with good solubility in several organic solvents. These compounds
were characterized in detail by several techniques such as NMR, FT-IR, Elemental
analysis; UV-visible, Fluorescence, TGA thermogram, DSC and the results were
analyzed. These results showed an asset for construction of photovoltaic devices
such as organic solar cells.
Keywords: Perylene, bay-substitution, absorptivity, macromolecule, solar cellÖz: Verimli fotovoltaik hücre araştırmaları için uygun absorblama özelliklerine sahip
foton toplayabilen yeni moleküler boyaların imalatı önemli bir araştırma alandır.
Perylen diimidler güneş enerjisi görünür bölgenin ortasında titreşimsel absorpsiyon
bandı göstermektedir. Perilen körfez bölgesi üzerine takılan sübstituentler genellikle
perilen π-π molekküller arası sistemin orbital enerjisini bozmakta ve sonuç olarak
absorpsiyonunun daha uzun dalga boyuna kaymasına neden olmaktadır. Bu tezde,
kiral çok kromoforlu makromolekül (NPM) ve onun bileşenlerinin elektrokimyasal
özellikleri iyice incelenmiştir. NPM, solüsyon ve katı halde, sırasıyla 2.25 V ve 1.7
V’luk düşük bant aralığı enerjisi sergilemektedir. Aynı zamanda, üç yeni
makromoleküler körfez-sübstitüe perilen diimidler başarıyla sentezlenmiştir ve
fotofiziksel olarak karakterize edilmiştir, N,N'-Di(dodesil)-1,7-difenoksiperilen3,4,9,10-tetrakarboksidiimid
(BP-PDD), N,N'-Di(5-amino-3-pirimidintiol)-1,7-
difenoksiperilen-3,4,9,10-tetrakarboksidi- imid (BP-PPD) and N,N'-Di(2,2,4(2,4,4)-
trimetil-6-aminohekzil))-1,7-di(1-amino-4-etanolpiperidil)perilen-3,4,9,10-diimid
(TPE-PDI). Sentezlenen tüm bileşikler, ana perilen diimidlerle karşılaştırıldıklarında
hatırı sayılır uzun dalga boyuna ve çeşitli organik çözücüler içinde iyi çözünürlüğe
sahiptirler. Bu bileşikler, NMR, FT-IR, Elemental analiz, UV-görünür, Floresans,
TGA termogramı, DSC teknikleri ile ayrıntılı bir şekilde karakterize edilmiştir. Bu
sonuçlar, organik güneş pilleri gibi fotovoltaik cihazların yapımı için bir varlık
göstermiştir.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Perilen, körfez-sübstitüsyon, absorptivite, makromolekül,
güneş piliengEastern Mediterranean University (EMU) - Doğu Akdeniz Üniversitesi (DAÜ)info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessChemistryPerylenebay-substitutionabsorptivitymacromoleculeSynthesis and Properties of Donor-Acceptor Conjugated Macromolecules as N-Type Semiconductor for Organic Solar CellsdoctoralThesisEastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Dept. of ChemistryDepartment of Chemistry08 Faculty of Arts and SciencesTheses (Master's and Ph.D) – Chemistry
oai:i-rep.emu.edu.tr:11129/38562018-06-21T23:00:57Zhdl_11129_111Gazi, MustafaSamandari, Samaneh Saber2018-06-21T05:25:46Z2015-022015-02Samandari, Samaneh Saber. (2015). Synthesis and Characterization of Polysaccharide Based Hydrogels for removal of Mercury Ion from Aqueous Solution. Thesis (Ph.D.), Eastern Mediterranean University, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Dept. of Chemistry, Famagusta: North Cyprus.http://hdl.handle.net/11129/3856Doctor of Philosophy in Chemistry. Thesis (Ph.D.)--Eastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Dept. of Chemistry, 2015. Supervisor: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Mustafa Gazi.Production of major industrial products may degrade the environment. It can result in
water pollution since it produces pollutants such as water-coloring agents and toxic
heavy metals that are extremely harmful and impair the environment even at low
concentrations. To reduce the risk of environmental pollution from these wastes, it is
necessary to treat them prior to discharging into the environment. The adsorption
process onto solid substrate and natural polymeric materials especially
polysaccharides is considered superior to other removal techniques.
Mercury deserves special attention among heavy metals such as cadmium, cobalt,
chromium, copper, lead, nickel, and zinc, which are highly toxic and dangerous.
Mercury spillage is highly dangerous because it destroys brain tissue, lungs, and has
the ability to distort protein leading to toxic effects; it mainly affects the kidney and
nerve system and may cause some disorders and diseases. Therefore, the removal of
mercury from aqueous solutions, especially drinking water, is very important in
hydrometallurgical and wastewater treatment. The main aim of this thesis is to
investigate the mercury ion removal ability of different natural polymers, cellulose,
chitosan, and pullulan.
For this purpose, acrylamide monomer has been grafted to chitosan, cellulose, and
pullulan and three different hydrogels were synthesized. In addition, the cellulosegraft-polyacrylamide/nano-hydroxyapatite
composite hydrogel and pullulan-graftpolyacrylamide
porous hydrogels were prepared and characterized using FTIR and
SEM. Then, the effects of several variables such as time, temperature, and pH on the swelling behavior of the hydrogels were examined. The results showed that the
cellulose-graft-polyacrylamide hydrogel with 5170 % has the maximum and
pullulan-graft-polyacrylamide hydrogel with 1554 % has the minimum swelling
amount. In addition, the swelling amount of all hydrogels significantly changed with
temperature and pH and the kinetics of swelling of hydrogels were best fitted with
the second-order model.
Finally, the adsorption studies of the mercury (II) ions on synthesized hydrogels were
performed to investigate their uptake performances. The results showed that the
maximum mercury ion adsorption by cellulose-graft-polyacrylamide hydrogel (1.93
g.g
-1
), cellulose-graft-polyacrylamide/hydroxyapatite composite hydrogel (1.99 g.g1
), chitosan-graft-polyacrylamide hydrogel (1.87 g.g-1
), pullulan-graftpolyacrylamide
hydrogel (1.75 g.g-1
), and pullulan-graft-polyacrylamide porous
hydrogel (1.78 g.g-1
) were attained after 24 h. In addition, batch adsorption
experiments in different conditions such as temperature, pH, mercury solution
concentration, with different amount of adsorbent were performed. According to the
results, all synthesized hydrogels are temperature, pH and concentration sensitive. In
addition, the kinetic, isotherm, and the thermodynamic parameters of adsorption
were calculated. The results indicated that adsorption of mercury ions on all
hydrogels followed pseudo-second-order kinetics and best fitted with Langmuir
adsorption isotherm with the highest maximum adsorption (qmax) of Hg(II) ions for
composite hydrogel and the lowest for pullulan based hydrogels. The negative value
of free energy change (ΔGº) and positive value of enthalpy change (ΔHº) shows the
adsorption process is spontaneous and endothermic. Finally, the regeneration ability
of hydrogels through desorption of mercury ions for three adsorption/desorption cycles were examined. It can be concluded that the synthesized hydrogels qualified
for practical application since they can be used repeatedly with negligible loss of
adsorption capacity for the mercury ions.
Keyword: Cellulose, chitosan, pullulan, hydroxyapatite, hydrogel, porous hydrogel,
composite hydrogels, water treatment, mercuryÖz: Büyük sanayi ürünlerinin üretimi çevreyi olumsuz etkileyebilmektedir. Su
renklendirici maddelerle son derece zararlı ve düşük konsantrasyonlarda bile çevreyi
bozan zehirli ağır metaller gibi kirletici ürünler su kirliliğinin nedenidir. Bu
atıklardan oluşan çevre kirliliği riskini azaltmak için,çevreye salınımları öncesi onları
gidermek gerekir.Katı yüzey ve doğal polimerik malzemeler, özellikle polisakkaritler
üzerine adsorpsiyon işlemi diğer giderim tekniklerine göre üstün kabul edilir.
Civanın son derece zehirli ve tehlikeli olan kadmiyum, kobalt, krom, bakır, kurşun,
nikel, ve çinko gibi ağır metaller arasında dikkate değer bir yeri vardır. Civa beyin
dokusu, akciğerleri tahrip ve protein bozucu toksik etkiye sahiptir, Ana etkisi ile
ağırlıklı olarak böbrek ve sinir sistemini etkileyerek bazı bozukluklar ve hastalıklara
neden olabilir. Bu nedenle, sulu çözeltilerden civa, özellikle içme suyu için,
hidrometalurjik ve atık sulardan arıtımı son derece önemlidir. Bu tezin temel amacı,
selüloz, kitosan ve pullulan gibi farklı doğal polimerlerin civa iyonu giderme
yeteneği araştırmaktır.
Bu amaçla, akrilamid monomerin kitosan, selüloz ve pullulana aşılanarak ve üç farklı
hidrojeller sentezlenmiştir. Buna ek olarak selüloz-aşı-poliakrilamid/nanohidroksiapatat
kmposit hidrojeli ve pullulan-aşı-poliakrilamid poroz hidrojelleri
hazırlanarak FTIR v SEM kullanarak karakterize edilmişlerdir. Daha sonra, bu
hidrojeller şişme davranışına karşın zaman, sıcaklık ve pH gibi çeşitli değişkenlerin
etkileri incelenmiştir. Sonuçlar selüloz-greft-poliakrilamid hidrojelinin % 5170
şişme değeri ile maksimum, pululan-greft-poliakrilamid hidrojelinin ise %1554 değerle minimum şişme yüzdesi değerine sahip olduğunu göstermiştir. Buna ek
olarak, tüm hidrojellerin şişme miktarı ısı ve pH ile önemli ölçüde değişimiş ve
hidrojellerin şişme kinetiği ikinci dereceden modeline uygunluk göstermiştir.
Son olarak, sentezlenen jellerin cıva (II) iyonlarının adsorpsiyon çalışmaları onların
tutma performanslarını araştırmak için yapılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda, 24 saatlik
etkileşim süresi sonucundaki maksimum civa tutma kapasiteleri selüloz-aşı-
poliakrilamid hidrojeli (1.93g.g-1
), selüloz-aşı-poliakrilamid /hidroksiapatat kompozit
hidrojeli (1.99 g.g-1
), kitosan-aşı-poliakrilamid hidrojeli (1.87 g.g-1
), pululan-aşı-
poliakrilamid hidrojeli (1.75 g.g-1
), ve pululan-aşı-poliakrilamid poroz hidrojeli (1.78
g.g
-1
) olarak belirlenmiştir. Buna ek olarak, batch adsorpsiyon deneyleri adsorbentin
farklı bir miktarı ile, sıcaklık, pH, civa çözelti konsantrasyonlarının etkileşimleriyle
gerçekleştirilmiştir.
The negative value of free energy change (ΔGº) and positive value of enthalpy
change (ΔHº) shows the adsorption process is spontaneous and endothermic.
Elde edilen sonuçlara göre, tüm hidrojel sıcaklık, pH ve konsantrasyona duyarlıdır.
Buna ek olarak,adsorpsiyonun, kinetik, izoterm ve termodinamiği hesaplandı.
Sonuçlar tüm hidrojellerin üzerinde civa iyonların tutunmalarının yalancı-ikincidereceden
kinetiği takip ettiğini ve Langmuir adsorpsiyon izotermiyle civa
adsorpsiyonun (qmax) en yüksek değerinin kompozit hidrojeli ile en düşük değerinin
pululan bazlı hidrojelle olduğu belirlenmiştir. Serbest enerji değişimi (ΔGº) negatif
ve entalpi değişimi (ΔHº) pozitif değeri adsorpsiyon işleminin kendiliğinden ve
endotermik olduğunu göstermektedir. Son olarak, üç kez adsorpsiyon / desorpsiyon döngüsü ile civa iyonları desorpsiyon
yoluyla hidrojellerin yenilenmesi yeteneği incelenmiştir. Bu da, civa iyonları için
adsorpsiyon kapasitesinin göz ardı edilebilir kayıp değerinde olması nedeniyle tekrar
tekrar kullanılabilmesi özelliğini ortaya çıkarmakta ve hidrojelin pratik uygulama
için nitelikli olduğu sonucuna varılabilmektedir.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Selüloz, kitosan, pullulan, hidroksiapatat, hidrojel, poroz
hidrojel, kompozit hidrojel, su iyleştirme, civaengEastern Mediterranean University (EMU) - Doğu Akdeniz Üniversitesi (DAÜ)info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessChemistryCellulosechitosanpullulanhydroxyapatitehydrogelporous hydrogelcomposite hydrogelswater treatmentmercurySynthesis and Characterization of Polysaccharide Based Hydrogels for removal of Mercury Ion from Aqueous SolutiondoctoralThesisEastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Dept. of ChemistryDepartment of Chemistry08 Faculty of Arts and SciencesTheses (Master's and Ph.D) – Chemistry
oai:i-rep.emu.edu.tr:11129/38812018-06-21T23:01:16Zhdl_11129_111Gazi, MustafaAzalok, Kola A.2018-06-21T11:54:32Z2017-012017-01Azalok, Kola A. (2017). Adsorptive Removal of Nickel from Aqueous Solution by Palm Seeds-based Magnetic Biochar. Thesis (M.S.), Eastern Mediterranean University, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Dept. of Chemistry, Famagusta: North Cyprus.http://hdl.handle.net/11129/3881Master of Science in Chemistry. Thesis (M.S.)--Eastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Dept. of Chemistry, 2017. Supervisor: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Mustafa Gazi.Here, the possibility of using biomass wastes such as palm seed as a suitable
precursor for the preparation of magnetically responsive adsorbent was explored.
Magnetic biochars (MB) were prepared from raw palm seed in the presence of iron
oxide (Fe3O4) particles and utilized for adsorption of nickel. The thermal
decomposition processes of the adsorbents were determined by thermogravimetric
analysis. The physical structure and textural characteristics of the adsorbents were
investigated. The effects of adsorption parameters, including pH, adsorbent dosage,
temperature, interfering ions and contact time were investigated.
The results showed that the magnetic biochar exhibited high sorption capacity,
excellent dispersion and convenient separation after spent. The relationship between
the MB and the pollutant (Ni2+) was established to follow Langmuir model,
described well by pseudo-second-order kinetic and intraparticle diffusion played an
important role in the sorption process. 27.8 mg/g was obtained as the maximum
nickel uptake. The values of thermodynamic parameters revealed that the sorption
process depended on the temperature of the medium, was spontaneous and
endothermic in nature. Lastly, the magnetic biochar was regenerated via a simple
technique and reuse with no significant loss in activity, suggesting that MB is
technically and economically efficient.
Keywords: Magnetic biochar, palm seed powder; nickel (II) ions,
adsorptionÖz: Burada, palmiye tohumlarından oluşan biyokütle atıkların, manyetik olarak duyarlı
adsorban hazırlanmasında uygun bir ön madde olarak kullanılma olasılığı
araştırılmıştır. Manyetik biyokömür (MB), demir oksit (Fe3O4) partiküllerinin
varlığında işlenmemiş palmiye tohumlarından hazırlanmış ve nikelin adsorpsiyonu
için kullanılmıştır. Adsorpsiyon maddelerinin ısıl bozunma prosesleri
termogravimetrik analiz ile belirlenmiştir. Adsorbanların fiziksel yapısı ve dokusal
özellikleri araştırılmıştır. Adsorpsiyon dozu, sıcaklık, karışan iyonlar ve temas süresi
gibi adsorpsiyon parametrelerinin etkileri araştırılmıştır.
Sonuçlar manyetik biokömürün, yüksek sorplama kapasitesine, mükemmel
dispersiyona ve uygulama sonrası kolay ayrılabilme özelliğine sahip olduğunu
göstermektedir. MB ve kirletici (Ni2+) arasındaki ilişki yalancı-ikinci dereceden
kinetik ve intrapartikül difüzyonun sorpsiyon sürecinde önemli bir rol oynadığı
Langmuir modelini izleğini göstermiştir. Maksimum nikel tutumu 27.8 mg/g olarak
belirlendi. Termodinamik parametrelerin değerleri, sorpsiyon işleminin ortam
sıcaklığına bağlı olarak, kendiliğinden ve endotermik olduğunu ortaya koymuştur.
Son olarak, manyetik biokömürün basit bir teknikle rejenere edilmesi ve etkinliğinde
önemli bir kayıp olmaksızın yeniden kullanımı, MB'nin teknik ve ekonomik açıdan
verimli olduğunu düşündürmektedir.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Manyetik biokömür, palmiye tohum tozu; Nikel (II) iyonları,
adsorpsiyonengEastern Mediterranean University (EMU) - Doğu Akdeniz Üniversitesi (DAÜ)info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessChemistryBiocharMagnetic BiocharPalm Seed PowderNickel (II) IonsAdsorptionAdsorptive Removal of Nickel from Aqueous Solution by Palm Seeds-based Magnetic BiocharmasterThesisEastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Dept. of ChemistryDepartment of Chemistry08 Faculty of Arts and SciencesTheses (Master's and Ph.D) – Chemistry
oai:i-rep.emu.edu.tr:11129/40932019-05-02T23:02:09Zhdl_11129_111Gazi, MustafaYounis, Dilshad Zubair2019-05-02T11:13:46Z2016-072016Younis, Dilshad Zubair. (2016). Bio-derived CuO/olive Cake Nanocomposite for Total Phenols Removal from Olive-mill Wastewater. Thesis (M.S.), Eastern Mediterranean University, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Dept. of Chemistry, Famagusta: North Cyprus.http://hdl.handle.net/11129/4093Master of Science in Chemistry. Thesis (M.S.)--Eastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Dept. of Chemistry, 2016. Co-Supervisor: Dr. Kıvanç Yüney, Supervisor: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Mustafa Gazi.Acutely high organic-loaded olive mill wastewater (OWW) is produced seasonally from the olive oil processing sectors. In North Cyprus, there is no regulated policy regarding the discharge of olive mill wastewater. Hence, the OWW is routinely discharged into the environment top soil or evaporation ponds, and the solid wastes disposed of without treatment to surrounding lands near the processing mills. This poor management of OWW enhances the risk of polluting the surface water and agricultural soil resources.
The environmental threat of the olive mill wastewater is majorly due to the toxicity and low biodegradation of phenolic compounds present in the OWW. This research focused on the feasibility of integrating bio-derived nanoparticles into the surface of waste olives cakes and converting into a high-performance and environmentally nanocomposite adsorbent for removal of total phenol from OWW.
An efficient bio-derived CuO/olive cake nanocomposite (BCO-NC) with 266.11 m2/g surface area was prepared using banana peel extract. Under optimised conditions (pH 6 and dosage 2.5g), 80% of total phenols was removed after 180 min in the dark (BCO–NC/dark), but rapidly increased to 100% just after 90 min using BCO–NC/H2O2/sunlight system at pH 10, dosage 1.0g and H2O2 1mM. The removal mechanism is represented by Freundlich isotherm model (R2= 0.996–1.00) and best modelled by pseudo-second-order kinetic.
Keywords: Bio-derived nanocomposite; olive mill wastewater, total phenols removalÖZ:
Mevsimsel üretilen zeytinyağı işlemi sırasında, zeytin değirmeni atıksuyu (ZDA) içerisinde fazla mitarda organik madde bulunmaktadır. Kuzey Kıbrıs’ta ZDA deşarj işlemi için herhangi bir politika bulunmamaktadır. Bundan dolayı, ZDA sürekli olarak çevredeki toprağa veya göle boşaltılmakta; pirina - zeytin çekirdeği ve posasından oluşmaktadır- ise zeytinyağı değirmeninin yanında muhafaza edilmektedir, hiçbir arıtma işlemi yapılmadan. Organizasyon zafiyetinden dolayı, ZDA boşaltma işlemi yer üstü ve tarımsal amaçlı kullanılan toprağın kirlenmesine neden olmaktadır.
Zeytin değirmeni atıksuyundaki (ZDA) fenol bileşiklerinin zehir etkisi ve düşük biyoparçalanabilirliğinden dolayı çevreyi tehdit etmektedir. Bu araştırmanın incelediği konu, bio-türetilmiş nano parçaların pirina yüzeyine uygulanması, ve yüksek performanslı ve çevresel nano kompozit adsorban ile ZDA bulunan toplam fenolün uzaklaştırılmasıdır.
Verimli, 266.11 m2/g yüzey alanına sahip, bio-üretilmiş Cu/pirina nano kompozit (BCO-NK), muz kabukları kullanılarak hazırlandı. En uygun şartlar altında (pH 6ve doz 2.5 g), toplam fenolün %80’i 180 dakika karanlık ortamda (BCO-NK/karanlık) uzaklaştırıldı; fakat pH 10, doz 1.0 g ve 1 m M H2O2 şartlarında, BCO-NK/ H2O2/güneş ışığı sistemi kullanıldığında, toplam fenol bileşiklerinin %100’ü 90 dakika içerisinde ortamdan uzaklaştırıldı. Uzaklaştırılma mekanizması, Freundlic izoterm modeli (R2 = 0.996 – 1.00) ve en iyi model aldatıcı-ikinci-derece kinetiği.
Anahtar kelimeler: Bio-türetilmiş nano kompozitler, zeytin değirmeni atıksuyu, uzaklaştırılan toplan fenolengEastern Mediterranean University EMUinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessChemistryOlive oil mills-Olive oil industry-Waste disposal-Cyprus, NorthBio-derived nanocompositeolive mill wastewatertotal phenols removalBio-derived CuO/olive Cake Nanocomposite for Total Phenols Removal from Olive-mill WastewatermasterThesisEastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Dept. of ChemistryDepartment of Chemistry08 Faculty of Arts and SciencesTheses (Master's and Ph.D) – Chemistry
oai:i-rep.emu.edu.tr:11129/40702019-04-29T23:02:19Zhdl_11129_111İcil, HuriyeModjtahedi, Zahra2019-04-29T08:07:33Z2015-022015Modjtahedi, Zahra. (2015). Naphthalene Diimide For Selective Telomeric G-Quadruplexes: Synthesis And Characterization. Thesis (M.S.), Eastern Mediterranean University, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Dept. of Chemistry, Famagusta: North Cyprus.http://hdl.handle.net/11129/4070Master of Science in Chemistry. Thesis (M.S.)--Eastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Dept. of Chemistry, 2015. Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Huriye İcil.Nowadays, as a result of developing new technologies, the applications of organic substances utilized in various fields are growing interest. The naphthalene diimides, due to their excellent electrochemical, thermal and photophysical properties as well as their excellent light emitting potentials have been intensively investigated as electronic materials in photonic applications. In addition, naphthalene diimides are used as potential ligands in biological applications, especially in DNA binding.
In this research, N,N'-bis(2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl)-1,4,5,8-naphthalenediimide (HE-NDI) has been synthesized successfully. The structure of product was characterized and investigated by optical and photophysical properties using FT-IR, UV-vis and emission spectroscopic techniques.
The HE-NDI has shown high molar absorptivity and fluorescence quantum yield. The results have pointed that the HE-NDI is a potential candidate for photonic application and DNA binding.
Keyword: Naphthalene diimide, Solar cell, Photovoltaic, DNAÖZ:
Son zamanlarda, gelişen teknolojiyle birlikte birçok alanda organik maddelere ilgi artmaktadır. Naftalin diimidler sergiledikleri muhteşem elektokimyasal, termal, fotokimyasal ve ışık yayan özellikleri sayesinde fotonik uygulamalarda organik madde olarak yoğun bir şekilde incelenmektedirler. Bunun yanında, naftalin diimidler biyolojik uygulamalarda özellikle DNA bağlama konusunda potansiyel ligand olarak kullanılmaktadır.
Bu çalışmada, N,N'-bis(2-(4-hidroksifenil)etil)-1,4,5,8-naftalindiimid (HE-NDI) başarıyla sentezlenmiştir. Sentezlenen maddenin yapısı, optik ve fotofiziksel özellikleri FT-IR, UV-VİS ve emisyon teknikleriyle incelenmiştir.
HE-NDI yüksek molar absorplama ve floresan kuantum verimi göstermiştir. Sonuçlar HE-NDI’ın fotonik uygulamalar ve DNA bağlama için potansiyel bir aday olduğunu işaret etmektedir.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Naftalin diimide, Güneş pili, Fotovoltaik, DNA.engEastern Mediterranean University EMUinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessChemistryNaphthalene-Chemical ReactionNanostructured materials-Electric propertiesNaphthalene diimideSolar cellPhotovoltaicDNANaphthalene Diimide For Selective Telomeric G-Quadruplexes: Synthesis And CharacterizationmasterThesisEastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Dept. of ChemistryDepartment of Chemistry08 Faculty of Arts and SciencesTheses (Master's and Ph.D) – Chemistry
oai:i-rep.emu.edu.tr:11129/40652019-04-29T23:02:16Zhdl_11129_111İcil, HuriyeEltabeb, Safa Elshreef2019-04-29T06:29:30Z2015-022015Eltabeb, Safa Elshreef. (2015). Electron Accepting Perylene Dyes with Versatile Imide Substituents: Synthesis and Characterization. Thesis (M.S.), Eastern Mediterranean University, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Dept. of Chemistry, Famagusta: North Cyprus.http://hdl.handle.net/11129/4065Master of Science in Chemistry. Thesis (M.S.)--Eastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Dept. of Chemistry, 2015. Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Huriye İcil.Perylene bisimides (PBIs) have received significant attention due to their exceptional photophysical and optical properties. Derivatives of PBIs show high fluorescence quantum yields, high electron affinities and large band-gaps‚ that make them excellent candidates for numerous optoelectronic devices such as light-emitting diodes, photovoltaics, optical switching, and electroluminescent devices. PBIs are considered as n-type semiconductors in which the main charge carriers are in their conduction band. On the other hand, most organic conducting substances are p-type semiconductors.
In the current work, the synthesis of a new perylene bisimide N‚N′-Bis(1-methyl-2-cyanoethene)-3,4,9,10-perylenebis(dicarboxiimide) (EAPDI) was carried out. 1-methyl-2-cyanoethene substituent is specifically chosen so that the imide regions of perylene core offer better solubility and impressive optical properties of the perylene bisimide. The synthesized bisimide was approved by FT-IR and its photo-physical properties were studied by UV–vis and emission techniques.
EAPDI has high molar absorptivity as well as high fluorescence quantum yields (Φf = 0.72). The absorption and emission spectra of EAPDI are mirrored images in DMF, CHCl3, MeOH with smaller Stoke shifts.
Keywords: Perylene bisimide, 1-methyl-2-cyanoethene, absorbance, fluorescence.ÖZ:
Perylenebisimide’ler (PBIs) olağanüstü fotofiziksel ve optik özellikleri nedeniyle önemli ilgi görmüştür. PBIs Türevleri, yüksek floresan kuantum verimleri, yüksek elektron ilgileri ve geniş band aralıkları göstermekte, bu özellikler onları ışık yayan diyotlar, fotovoltaikler, optik anahtarlama, ve elektrolüminesans cihazlar gibi çok sayıda optoelektronik cihazlar için mükemmel adaylardır yapmak. PBI’ler ana yük taşıyıcıların iletkenlik bandında olmasından dolayı n-tipi yarı iletken olarak kabuledilmektedir. Diğer yandan, birçok organik iletken maddeler p-tipi yarı iletkenlerdir.
Mevcut çalışmada, yeni bir perylen bisimid N,N'-Bis(1-metil-2-siyanoeten)-3,4,9,10-perilen bis(dikarboksimid) (EAPDI) sentezi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Sübstitüe 1-metil-2-siyanoetenperilenin imid bölgelerine bağlanarak daha iyi bir çözünürlük sunmaktadır ve perilen bisimidin optik özellikleri etkileyicidir. Sentezlenen bisimid,FT-IR ile kanıtlanmış ve bunun foto-fizikselözellikleri UV-Vis ve emisyon teknikleri ile çalışılmıştır.
EAPDI, yüksek molar absorplama yanında yüksek floresan kuantum verimine(Φf = 0.72) sahiptir. EAPDI’in absorpsiyon ve emisyon spektrumlarıküçük Stoke kaymaları ile DMF, CHCI3, MeOH’da ayna görüntüsündedir.
Anahtar: Perylenebisimid, 1-metil-2-siyanoeten, absorpsiyon, floresan.engEastern Mediterranean University EMUinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessChemistryDyes (Chemistry)Perylee DyesPhotochemistryPerylene bisimidee1-methyl-2-cyanoetheneabsorbancefluorescencElectron Accepting Perylene Dyes with Versatile Imide Substituents: Synthesis and CharacterizationmasterThesisEastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Dept. of ChemistryDepartment of Chemistry08 Faculty of Arts and SciencesTheses (Master's and Ph.D) – Chemistry
oai:i-rep.emu.edu.tr:11129/41102019-05-03T23:01:48Zhdl_11129_111İcil, HuriyeFotovatnia, Safieh2019-05-03T06:52:11Z2015-022015Fotovatnia, Safieh. (2015). Synthesis of A New Perylene Derivative Ligand Potential for DNA Binding. Thesis (M.S.), Eastern Mediterranean University, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Dept. of Chemistry, Famagusta: North Cyprus.http://hdl.handle.net/11129/4110Master of Science in Chemistry. Thesis (M.S.)--Eastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Dept. of Chemistry, 2015. Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Huriye İcil.The main aim of this project was the synthesis of a novel perylene compound, named, N-(1-dehydroabietyl)-3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic-3,4-anhydride-9,10-imide (ABPMI), from N-N’-di(1-dehydroabietyl)perylene-3,4,9,10-bis(dicarboxymide) (ABPDI ) for future DNA binding studies. The product was characterized by FT-IR, UV-vis and emission spectrometry. The optical and photophysical properties have been investigated in detail.
ABPMI showed moderate solubility in some common organic solvents like chloroform, DMF and methanol. In the UV-vis absorption spectra of ABPMI in chloroform and methanol three characteristic peaks have been observed at 439, 469 and 517 nm, respectively (with small red shift in methanol). In absorption spectrum of ABPMI in DMF, three peaks have been achieved at 439, 465 and 518 nm, with the reversal intensity between 0→0 and 0→1 transition. In emission spectra of ABPMI in chloroform, DMF and methanol, excimer-like peaks have been observed. The optical band gap energy of ABPMI has been calculated as 1.984 eV.
The synthesized compound is promising as a potential ligand for future DNA binding studies.
Keywords: Perylene diimide, Perylene monoimide, Perylene dyeÖZ:
Bu projenin temel amacı, N-(1-dehidroabietil)-3,4,9,10-perilen tetrakarboksilik-3,4-anhidrit-9,10-imid (ABPMI) adlı yeni bir perilen bileşiğinin, N,N’-di(1-dehidroabietil) perilen-3,4,9,10-bis(dikarboksimid) (ABPDI) adlı perilen diimidden gelecekte DNA’ya bağlanma çalışmaları için sentezlenmiştir. Sentezlenen madde, FT-IR, UV-Vis ve emisyon ölçümleri ile karakterize edilmiştir. Optik ve fotofiziksel özellikleri detaylı olarak incelenmiştir.
ABPMI, kloroform, DMF ve metanol gibi bazı genel organik çözücüler içinde orta seviyede çözünürlük göstermiştir. ABPMI’nın kloroform ve metanol çözücülerindeki UV-vis absorpsiyon spektrumlarında sırasıyla 439, 469 ve 517 nm’de üç karakteristik pik (metanolda küçük kırmızı kayma) gözlenmiştir. ABPMI’ın DMF çözeltisindeki UV-vis absorpsiyon spektrumunda 0→0 ve 0→1 geçişlerinde ters şiddette üç absorpsiyon piki 439, 465, ve 518 nm’de elde edilmiştir. ABPMI’nın kloroform, DMF ve metanol çözücülerindeki emisyon spektrumlarında ekzimer-benzeri pikler gözlenmiştir. ABPMI’ın optik band enerjisi aralığı 1.98 eV olarak hesaplanmıştır.
Sentezlenen madde gelecekte DNA’ya bağlanma çalışmaları için potansiyel bir ligand olarak umut vericidir.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Perilen diimid, Perilen monoimid, Perilen boyaengEastern Mediterranean University EMUinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessChemistryPerylenePerylene diimidePerylene monoimidePerylene dyeSynthesis of A New Perylene Derivative Ligand Potential for DNA BindingmasterThesisEastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Dept. of ChemistryDepartment of Chemistry08 Faculty of Arts and SciencesTheses (Master's and Ph.D) – Chemistry
oai:i-rep.emu.edu.tr:11129/40562019-04-26T23:00:20Zhdl_11129_111İcil, HuriyeDinleyici, Meltem2019-04-26T10:47:50Z2015-072015Dinleyici, Meltem. (2009). A Novel Perylene Polymer Based on the 1,3,5-Triazines. Thesis (M.S.), Eastern Mediterranean University, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Dept. of Chemistry, Famagusta: North Cyprus.http://hdl.handle.net/11129/4056Master of Science in Chemistry. Thesis (M.S.)--Eastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Dept. of Chemistry, 2015. Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Huriye İcil.Perylene chromophore containing supramolecular chromogenic polymers represent an important research topic relating to its interesting optoelectronic and redox properties.
In the present study, a novel chromogenic polymer (TAPPI) was synthesized by polycondensation of perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic dianhydride (PDA) with hindered aromatic diamine, 2,4-diamino-6-phenyl-1,3,5-triazine in isoquinoline and m-cresol solvents mixture under argon atmosphere. The synthesized product purity was confirmed using elemental analysis, IR and UV-vis spectroscopy.
The product TAPDI is soluble mainly in polar solvents such as pyridine, NMP, DMF, DMSO, m-cresol in purple and TFAc pink colours.
It is important to note that, different absorption and emission properties have been observed due to different intermolecular interactions in various solvents.
The lower fluorescence quantum yield of the TAPPI in NMP, DMF and DMSO solvents (70%, 60% and 30%) could be attributed to conformational changes, torsional movement, or other non-radiative decays.
Overall, the new polymer TAPPI has shown great potential for further photonic technology.
Keywords: Perylene polymers, hindered diamine, photonics, solar cells.ÖZ:
Perilen kromoforları ihtiva eden süpramoleküler ve kromojenik polimerler ilginç optoelektronik ve redoks özellikleri nedeniyle önemle araştırılmaktadırlar.
Bu çalışmada yeni bir perilen polimeri (TAPPI), perilen-3,4,9,10-tetrakarboksilik dianhidrit (PDA) ve engelli aromatik diamin, 2,4-diamino-6-fenil-1,3,5-triazine polikondensasyon reaksiyonu ile isokinolin ve m-kresol çözgenleri karışımında ve argon ortamında sentezlenmiştir. Elde edilen ürünün saflığı elemental analiz, IR ve UV-vis spektroskopileri ile doğrulanmıştır.
TAPPI polimeri özellikle piridin, NMP, DMF, DMSO, m-kresol içerisinde mor ve TFAc‟de ise pembe renkte çözünmektedir.
Moleküller arası farklı ilişkilere bağlı olarak gözlemlenen farklı absorpsiyon ve emisyon özellikleri fotonik cihazlarda uygulamalar açısından önemlidir.
NMP, DMF and DMSO çözgenlerinde ölçülen fluoresans kuantum verimlerin düşük olmasının (sırasıyle; 70%, 60% ve 30%) konformasyon değişimleri, torsiyon hareketleri ve diğer ışınımsız geçişlerle bağlı olduğu düşünülmektedir.
Genel itibariyle, sentezlenmiş olan yeni perilen polimerinin fotonik uygulamalar için büyük potansiyele sahip olduğu saptanmıştır.
Anahtar kelimeler: Perilen polimerleri, engelli diamin, fotonik, solar hücreler.engEastern Mediterranean University EMUinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessChemistryPerylene polymershindered diaminephotonicssolar cellsA Novel Perylene Polymer Based on the 1,3,5-TriazinesmasterThesisEastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Dept. of ChemistryDepartment of Chemistry08 Faculty of Arts and SciencesTheses (Master's and Ph.D) – Chemistry
oai:i-rep.emu.edu.tr:11129/41232019-05-03T23:04:11Zhdl_11129_111İcil, HuriyeMahmood, Kawa Hama Sharif2019-05-03T11:02:44Z2015-072015Mahmood, Kawa Hama Sharif. (2015). A Novel Naphthalene Polymer Based on the 1, 3, 5 -Triazines. Thesis (M.S.), Eastern Mediterranean University, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Dept. of Chemistry, Famagusta: North Cyprus.http://hdl.handle.net/11129/4123Master of Science in Chemistry. Thesis (M.S.)--Eastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Dept. of Chemistry, 2015. Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Huriye İcil.Naphthalene diimide-based polymers used as acceptors in organic photovoltaic cells due to their perfect thermal, chemical, and photochemical stability and high electron affinity.
In the present study, a novel naphthalene polymer (TANPI) was synthesized by polycondensation of 1,4,5,8-naphthalene tetracarboxylic dianhydride (NDA) with hindered aromatic diamine, 2,4-diamino-6-phenyl-1,3,5-triazine in isoquinoline and m-cresol solvents mixture and under argon atmosphere. The synthesized product purity was confirmed using elemental analysis, IR and UV-vis spectroscopy.
The product TANPI is soluble mainly in polar solvents such as pyridine, NMP, DMF, DMSO, m-cresol and TFAC in brown colour. The product was insoluble in polar protic solvents such ethanol and methanol.
The optical properties for the polymer were investigated using absorption and emission spectrophotometric measurements. Observed different properties indicate different intermolecular interactions in different solvent which can be important in photonic applications. It is important to note that, excimer emission were observed in pyridine, NMP, DMF, DMSO, m-cresol and TFAC with long Stoke Shifts.
Fluorescence quantum yields in different solvents were determined using anthracene in ethanol as standard (NMP: 2%, DMF: 5% and DMSO: 1%).
Keywords: Naphthalene polymers, hindered diamine, photonics, solar cells.ÖZ:
Naftalen diimid esaslı polimerler termal, kimyasal ve fotokimyasal kararlılıkları ve yüksek elektron ilgileri nedeniyle Organik Fotovoltaik Hücrelerde electron akseptörler olarak kullanılmaktadırlar.
Bu çalışmada, ,1,4,5,8-naftalen tetrakarboksilik dianhidrit (NDA) ve engelli diamin 2,4-diamino-6-fenil-1,3,5-triazin kullanımı ile isokinolin ve m-kresol çözgen karışımında yeni bir naftalen polimeri, argon atmosferinde sentezlenmiştir (TANPI). Sentezlenen ürünün saflığı elemental analiz, IR ve UV-vis spektroskopi ölçümleri ile doğrulanmıştır.
Sentezlenen polimer NMP, DMF, DMSO, m-kresol ve TFAC gibi polar çözgenlerde kahve renkte çözünmektedir. Ürün etanol ve methanol gibi polar protik çözgenlerde ise çözünmemektedir.
Polimer ürününün optik özellikleri absorpsiyon ve emisyon spektroskopik ölçümleri ile araştırılmıştır. Gözlenen farklı özellikler değişik çözgenler içerisinde moleküller arası ilişkinin farklı olduğunu işaret etmektedir. Bu özellikler fotonik uygulamalar için önemli avantajlar sağlıyabilecek niteliktedir.
Piridin, NMP, DMF, DMSO, m-kresol ve TFAC çözgenlerinde alınan emisyon spektrumlarında ekzimer emisyonu ve uzun Stoke Shift gözlenmiş olması önemli bulgulardır.
Fluoresans kuantum verimler değişik çözgenler içerisinde antrasen (etanolda) standardına göre ölçülmüşlerdir (NMP: 2%, DMF: 5% and DMSO: 1%).
Anahtar kelimeler: Naftalen polimeri, engelli diamin, fotonik, solar hücre.engEastern Mediterranean University EMUinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessChemistryNaphthalene polymershindered diaminephotonicssolar cellsA Novel Naphthalene Polymer Based on the 1, 3, 5 -TriazinesmasterThesisEastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Dept. of ChemistryDepartment of Chemistry08 Faculty of Arts and SciencesTheses (Master's and Ph.D) – Chemistry
oai:i-rep.emu.edu.tr:11129/41902019-10-23T23:01:58Zhdl_11129_111Oladipo, Akeem (Co-Supervisor)Gazi, Mustafa (Supervisor)Hasan, Mohammed Salih Saleh Ramadhan2019-10-23T12:01:49Z2017-072017Hasan, Mohammed Salih Saleh Ramadhan. (2017). Efficient Treatment of Olive Mill Wastewater by Magnetic Olive Mill Seed Cakes . Thesis (M.S.), Eastern Mediterranean University, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Dept. of Chemistry, Famagusta: North Cyprus.http://hdl.handle.net/11129/4190Master of Science in Chemistry. Thesis (M.S.)--Eastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Dept. of Chemistry, 2016. Co-Supervisor: Dr. Akeem Oladipo, Supervisor: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Mustafa Gazi.The consumption and medicinal use of olive oil in the Mediterranean region is growing at alarming rate. However, olive mill wastewater threatens both aquatic organisms and human beings. Hence, there is urgent need to develop affordable treatment technology. In the present research, olive mill wastewater (OW) was collected from a three-phase olive production system located in the Karpaz region of Northern Cyprus. The collected OW was preserved and characterized before subjected to treatment. The chemical oxygen demand (COD) and phenolic content of the OW falls in the ranged of reported OW.
Pre-treated olive oil solid cake (OC) and fabricated magnetically-responsive olive oil seed cake (MOC) were applied as adsorbents for treatment of OW by batch and column systems. The physico-chemical characteristics of the OC and MOC were evlauted and reported. The COD and colour of the OW were reduced using both OC and MOC under varying experimental conditions.
The results herein, showed that MOC comparatively exhibited excellent performance and easy separation after use. Under optimum conditions in a batch and column systems, MOC reduces the COD to 6.5–8.9% and colour to 11.5–15.4%, while OC reduced the COD to 14.5–21.3% and colour to 27.6–33.5%. The MOC was reused severally with no significant loss in performance, suggesting that proposed treatment is technically and economically efficient.
Keywords: Magnetic olive seed cake; olive mill wastewater, COD removalÖZ:
Akdeniz bölgesinde zeytinyağının tüketimi ve tıbbi amaçla kullanımı alarm verecek orana ulşmıştır. Her nasılsa, zeytin atıksuyu, sudaki organizmaların yaşamını ve insan hayatını tehdid ediyor. Bu nedenden dolayı, acil bir şekilde bu atıksuyu arıtacak teknolojinin geliştirilmesi gerkmektedir. Bu tezde yapılan araştırmada, zeytin değirmeni atıksuyu (ZDA), üç faz sistemi kullanılarak zeytinyağı üreten Kuzey Kıbrıs‟ın Karpaz bölgesindeki fabrikalardan toplanmıştır. Toplanan ZDA arıtılmadan önce, korunmuş ve karakterizasyonu yapılmıştır. ZDA‟daki kimyasal oksijen ihtiyacı (KOİ) ve fenol içeriği daha önce yapılan çalışmaların tespit ettiği aralıkta bulunmuştur.
Pirina, zeytin çekirdeği ve posasından oluşmaktadır. Arıtma öncesi pirina (PR) ve yapay olarak hazırlanmış magnetik duyarlı pirina (MDPR) absorbent olarak, batch ve kolon sistemi kullanılarak ZDA‟nın arıtılmasında kullanılmıştır. PR ve MDPR‟nin fiziko-kimyasal karakterizasyonu değerlendirilip raporlandı. KOİ ve ZDA‟nın rengi, PR ve MDPR, her ikisinin değişik deney koşullarında kullanımı azaldığı kaydedilmiştir.
Bu tezdeki sonuçlar göstermiştir ki MDPR‟nin kullanımının çok iyi bir performans gösterdiği ve kolayca ayrıştırdığını gösteriyor. Uygun koşullar altında batch ve kolon sistemleri ile MDPR, KOİ %6.5-%8.9 aralığında azaltmaktadır ve rengini ise %11.5-%15.4 azaltmaktadır; PR ise KOİ %14.5-%21.3 aralığında azaltmaktadır, rengini ise %27.6-%33.5 oranında azaltmaktadır. MDPR‟nin defalarca kullanımı performansını
düşürmemekte, bu da amaçlanan arıtma tekniği olarak kullanılması ve ekonomik olark verimliliğinden söz edebiliriz.
Anahtar kelimeler: magnetik duyarlı pirina, zeytin değirmeni atıksuyu, KOİ uzaklaştırmaengEastern Mediterranean University EMUinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessChemistryOlive Products-Waste disposal-Olive Mill WastewaterCOD removalMagnetic olive seed cakeolive mill wastewaterEfficient Treatment of Olive Mill Wastewater by Magnetic Olive Mill Seed CakesmasterThesisEastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Dept. of ChemistryDepartment of Chemistry08 Faculty of Arts and SciencesTheses (Master's and Ph.D) – Chemistry
oai:i-rep.emu.edu.tr:11129/42372019-12-27T00:03:02Zhdl_11129_111Burgaz, Emine Vildan (Co-Supervisor)Gazi, Mustafa (Supervisor)Tavakolinia, Somayeh2019-12-26T12:47:15Z2017-092017Tavakolinia, Somayeh. (2017). Physiochemical Characteristics and Antioxidant Activity of a Locally Manufactured Pomegranate Fruit Juice in North Cyprus. Thesis (M.S.), Eastern Mediterranean University, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Dept. of Chemistry, Famagusta: North Cyprus.http://hdl.handle.net/11129/4237Master of Science in Chemistry. Thesis (M.S.)--Eastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Dept. of Chemistry, 2017. Co-Supervisor: Assist. Prof. Dr. Emine Vildan Burgaz, Supervisor: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Mustafa Gazi.Phytochemical and antioxidant properties of pomegranate juice PJ produced from the Wonderful pomegranate cultivar (Punica granatum L.) grown locally in North Cyprus was undertaken. The objective of this research study was to determine the biologically active components present, antioxidant activity, total anthocyanin content etc. of PJ and compare it with the unprocessed Pomegranate fruit juice PF. Antioxidant activity of both samples was determined using the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) assay while pH differential method was used to determine the anthocyanin content.
Results obtained from the qualitative phytochemical screening of locally manufactured PJ confirmed the presence of several phytochemicals such as; tannin, phenol, saponin, flavonoids, in our sample. The pH of the juice increased only slightly when compared to the unprocessed juice with both samples having similar results for titratable acid. Antioxidant activity of PJ was high (94.60%) though slightly lower than that of the PF (95.20%) which shows that PJ possess good antioxidant activity. Total anthocyanin content (10.12 mg cyanidin-3-glucoside / 100 g), flavonoid (58.52 mg quercetin/ 100 g) and calcium (27.81 mg/kg) content was found to be higher in the PJ than the fruit (2.46 mg cyanidin-3-glucoside/ 100 g; 53.44 mg quercetin/ 100 g and 12.46 mg/kg) while the Vitamin C (67.30 mg/kg), total sugar (148.46 g/kg) and potassium (250.04 mg/100g) content was higher in the fruit than the juice (18.70 mg/kg; 139.24 g/kg and 236.14 mg/100g).
Keywords: antioxidant activity, pomegranate, phytochemical screening, colour, anthocyaninsÖZ:
Kuzey Kıbrıs'ta yerel olarak yetiştirilen Wonderful nar çeşidinden (Punica granatum L.) üretilen PJ nar meyvesinin fitokimyasal ve antioksidan özellikleri incelenmiştir. Bu araştırmanın amacı, PJ'nin varolan biyolojik olarak aktif bileşenlerini, antioksidan aktivitesini, toplam antosiyanin içeriğini vb. belirlemek ve PF işlenmemiş Nar meyve suyuyla karşılaştırmaktır. Her iki numunenin antioksidan aktivitesi DPPH (2,2-difenil-1-pikrilhidrazil) tahlili ile belirlenirken, antosiyanin içeriğini belirlemek için pH diferansiyel yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Yerel olarak üretilen PJ'nin nitel fitokimyasal taramasından elde edilen sonuçlar, birkaç fitokimyasal maddenin varlığını doğrulamıştır; Bu maddeler arasında tanen, fenol, saponin, flavonoidler bazılarıdır. Meyve suyunun pH değeri, her iki numune için de benzer sonuçlar göstermiştir. PJ'nin antioksidan aktivitesi, PF'den (% 95.20) biraz daha düşük olmasına rağmen yüksek (% 94.60) bulunmuştur. Bu da PJ'nin iyi antioksidan aktiviteye sahip olduğunu göstermektedir. PJ'de toplam antosiyanin içeriği (10.12 mg siyanidin-3-glukosid / 100 g), flavonoid (58.52 mg kerercin / 100 gr) ve kalsiyumun (27.81 mg / kg) içeriği meyve oranından (2.46 mg siyanidin- C vitamini (67.30 mg / kg), toplam şeker (148.46 g / kg) ve potasyum (250.04 mg / 100 gr) içeriği, C vitamini içeriğinde daha yüksektir. (Meyve suyu (18.70 mg / kg; 139.24 g / kg ve 236.14 mg / 100 g)).
Anahtar Kelimeler: antioksidant aktivite, nar, fitokimyasal tarama, renk,
antosiyaninlerengEastern Mediterranean University (EMU) - Doğu Akdeniz Üniversitesi (DAÜ)info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessChemistryAntioxidants-Pomegranateantioxidant activitypomegranatephytochemical screeningcolouranthocyaninsPhysiochemical Characteristics and Antioxidant Activity of a Locally Manufactured Pomegranate Fruit Juice in North CyprusmasterThesisEastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Dept. of ChemistryDepartment of Chemistry08 Faculty of Arts and SciencesTheses (Master's and Ph.D) – Chemistry
oai:i-rep.emu.edu.tr:11129/42932020-01-29T00:02:37Zhdl_11129_111Garip, MehmetTarda, Abd Alkarim Khalil2020-01-28T09:06:24Z2017-012017Tarda, Abd Alkarim Khalil. (2017). Determining Monosodium Glutamate in Cafeteria Foods at the Eastern Mediterranean University. Thesis (M.S.), Eastern Mediterranean University, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Dept. of Chemistry, Famagusta: North Cyprus.http://hdl.handle.net/11129/4293Master of Science in Chemistry. Thesis (M.S.)--Eastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Dept. of Chemistry, 2017. Supervisor: Assist. Prof. Dr. Mehmet Garip.Monosodium Glutamate (MSG) is a flavor enhancer that is used widely around the world. In this thesis, MSG was extracted from samples of cooked foods purchased from four different cafeterias in EMU; and from packaged foodstuffs such as chicken bouillon and four different powdered soups (Brand II) bought locally. The identification as well as relative concentrations of MSG in these samples were determined by TLC and their actual concentrations were estimated by HPLC using a 50:50 water-acetonitrile mobile phase. Peaks were monitored at 210, 220, 230, 240 and 250 nm but highest sensitivity was obtained with 210 nm radiation. Although good results were obtained with pure MSG standard solutions, there were, however, problems with the food extracts when analyzed with HPLC. There were overlapping unresolved peaks for some of the food extracts that could not be conclusively identified. These peaks, we suspect, are due to water soluble amino acids extracted for the cooked foods. Due to their great solubility, they tend to have low retention times and thus exit the column almost simultaneously. For the samples that could be identified and quantified, relatively high amounts of MSG ranging between 0.94 % and 6.5 % were found. These amounts of MSG may be added or naturally present in the food.
More accurate measurement of the MSG concentration by HPLC can be done by derivatizing the MSG to make it more hydrophobic. This would increase the retention times of the components thereby providing greater degree of separation and resolution.
Keywords: MSG, analysis, food, TLC, HPLC, Derivatization.ÖZ:
Monosodyum Glutamat (MSG), dünyada yaygın olarak kullanılan bir lezzet artırıcıdır. Bu tezde, DAÜ'de dört farklı kafeteryadan alınan pişmiş gıdalardan ve yerel olarak satın alınan tavuk bulyonu ve dört farklı paket çorba (Brand II) de bulunan MSG su ile çıkarıldı. Bu numunelerde MSG'nin tespiti ve nispi konsantrasyonları TLC ile belirlendi ve gerçek konsantrasyonları ise 50:50 su-asetonitril mobil faz kullanılarak HPLC yöntemi ile ölçülmeye çalışıldı. Ölçümler 210, 220, 230, 240 ve 250 nm dalga boyunda çalışıldı ve 210 nm ışın ile en yüksek hassasiyet elde edildi. Saf MSG standart çözeltileri HPLC yöntemi ile iyi sonuçlar vermesine karşın gıda çözeltilerinin analizlerinde sorunlar yaşandı. Bazı gıda çözeltilerinin kromatogramında kesin tanımı yapılamayan ve birbirinden iyice ayrılmamış zirveler gözlendi. Bu zirvelerin pişmiş gıdalarda oluşan ve suda kolay çözülebilen amino asitler olduğunu tahmin ediyoruz. Bu amino asitler sudaki yüksek çözünürlüklerinden ötürü, düşük alıkonma sürelerine sahip olurlar ve kolondan hemen hemen aynı zamanda çıkarlar. Tanımlanan ve konsantrasyonu ölçülebilen örneklerde yüzdelik MSG miktarı % 9 ila % 60 arasında değişen miktarlar olarak bulunmuştur. Ancak bu MSG miktarlarının yiyeceğe yapay olarak mı eklendiği yoksa doğal olarak mı bulunduğu konusunda kesin bir yargıya varılamamıştır.
MSG konsantrasyonunun HPLC ile daha doğru ölçümü, MSG'yi daha hidrofobik hale getirmek için türevlendirmek suretiyle yapılabilir. Bu, bileşenlerin alıkonma sürelerini artırarak daha belirgin ayrışmalarını sağlayacaktır.
Anahtar kelimeler: MSG, analiz, gıda, TLC, HPLC, türevlendirme.engEastern Mediterranean University EMU - Doğu Akdeniz Üniversitesi (DAÜ)info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessChemistryMonosodium glutamate-food allergiesMSGanalysisfoodTLCHPLCDerivatizationDetermining Monosodium Glutamate in Cafeteria Foods at the Eastern Mediterranean UniversitymasterThesisEastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Dept. of ChemistryDepartment of Chemistry08 Faculty of Arts and SciencesTheses (Master's and Ph.D) – Chemistry
oai:i-rep.emu.edu.tr:11129/47552020-11-27T00:01:05Zhdl_11129_111Gazi, MustafaHwaileh, Omar A.2020-11-26T12:11:18Z2016-092016Hwaileh, Omar A. (2016). Adsorption of Methylene Blue from Solution Using Anionic Surfactant Modified Palm Seed Powder. Thesis (M.S.), Eastern Mediterranean University, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Department of Chemistry, Famagusta: North Cyprus.http://hdl.handle.net/11129/4755Master of Science in Chemistry. Thesis (M.S.)--Eastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Chemistry, 2016. Supervisor: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Mustafa Gazi.Cationic dyes are widely utilized in plastic, textile, leather and tanning industries.
High concentrations of these dyes in aquatic environments pose serious threat to
human health and the environment due to their toxic profile. Therefore, various
environmental protection agencies and governments have established standard
control limits to the quality of domestic and industrial effluents before being
discharged to water bodies. Among the various treatment processes, adsorption
technique was employed in this study for the treatment of methylene blue (MB)
simulated effluents under various operational conditions.
Here, palm seed powder (PS) was employed as adsorbent for removal of MB from
laboratory simulated colored effluent. The sorption capacity of the PS was improved
through surface modification by anionic surfactant (sodium dodecyl sulfate).
Comparatively, the modified palm seed powder (MPS) efficiently removed 93% of
MB while only 57% removal was recorded by PS after 720 min treatment time. The
MPS sorption capacity was affected by the presence of interfering ions (Na+ and
Mg2+); however, about 18 mg/g of MB was removed even at salt concentration of
100 mg/L.
Freundlich isotherm fits suitably the MPS experimental data more than Langmuir
isotherm, indicating multilayer sorption process of MB on the heterogeneous MPS
surface. The Weber–Morris models confirmed that intraparticle transport played a
significant role in the sorption process.
Keywords: Adsorption; modified palm seed powder, cationic dyes removalÖZ:
Katyonikboyalar genellik’le pilastik, tekstil, deri ve solaryum endüstürilerinde
kullanılır. Bu boyaların yüksek konsantreli olanları akuatik çevrelerde, toksik
kimliklerine bağlı, isnsan sağlığı ve çevresi için ciddi bir tehdit oluşturmaktadır. Bu
yüzden çeşitli çevre koruma kurumları ve devletler, yerel ve endüstriyel akıntıların
kalitesi ile ilgili su kaynaklarına dökülmeden önce standart kontrol limitleri
belirlemiştir. Çeşitli tehdit süreçlerinin yanısıra, adsorpsiyon (emme) teknikleri,
çeşitli mavi metilen tehditleri similasyonunun,türlü kondisyonlar, araştırmasında
kullanılmıştır.
Burda, palmiye ağacı tohumunun pudrası laboratuvardadaki mavi metileni renk
içeren akıntıdan ayırmak icin emici işlemini yapmakta. Palmiye tohumunun soğurma
kapasitesi, anyonik yüzeyin(sodyum dodesil sülfat) yüzeysel değişiklikleri ile
kanıtlanmıştır. Orantılı olarak, değişmiş olan palmiye tohumu pudrası etkili biçimde
mavi metilenin 93% ortadan kaldırmasına karşı, normal palmiye tohumu sadece 57%
mavi metileni 720 dakika işlemden sonra yok etmiştir. Modifiye edilmiş palmiye
tohumunun soğurma kapasitesi bazı anyonik etkenlerin (Na+ ve Mg2+ ) varlığının
tesiri altında değişmiştir. Ancak mavi metilenin yaklaşik 18mg/g, 100mg/L
konsantredeki tuzda bile ortadan kaldırılmıştır.
Mavi metilenin farklı yapıdaki modifiyeli palmiye tohumu yüzeyinden soğurma
sürecindeki değişkenlerinde, Freundlich izotermi, Langmuir izotermine göremodifiye
edilmiş palmiye tohumu araştırması verilerine daha uygun. Weber-Morris modelleri
kanıtlamıştır ki intraparticle arası ulaşım soğurma sürecinde önemli role sahiptir.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Emme; Modifiye edilmis palmiye tohumu pudrası; Katyonik
boya çözücüengEastern Mediterranean University (EMU) - Doğu Akdeniz Üniversitesi (DAÜ)info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessChemistryAdsorptionmodified palm seed powdercationic dyes removalAdsorption of Methylene Blue from Solution Using Anionic Surfactant Modified Palm Seed PowdermasterThesisEastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of ChemistryDepartment of Chemistry08 Faculty of Arts and SciencesTheses (Master's and Ph.D) – Chemistry
oai:i-rep.emu.edu.tr:11129/47652020-11-27T00:01:00Zhdl_11129_111İcil, HuriyeJowzaghi, Hengameh2020-11-26T12:38:32Z2016-092016Jowzaghi, Hengameh. (2016). New Naphthalene Diimide Dye Synthesis Containing Powerful Binding Sites for Metal Ions. Thesis (M.S.), Eastern Mediterranean University, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Dept. of Chemistry, Famagusta: North Cyprus.http://hdl.handle.net/11129/4765Master of Science in Chemistry. Thesis (M.S.)--Eastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Dept. of Chemistry, 2016. Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Huriye İcil.Naphthalene diimides (NDI) are a class of organic dyes with optical, thermal, and photochemical properties and stability. Hence, its importance in the rapidly developing modern technology, have found expression amongst researchers.
NDI interaction with metals is expected to make change in photophysical and photochemical properties of sensitizers such as wavelength shifts and intensity changes in absorption and emission spectra. Consequently, metal complexation of NDI leads to high potential towards organic electronic application.
The synthesized compound exhibit different intermolecular interactions in different solvents which enhances its utilization in photonic and optoelectronic application.
Therefore, this project aims to synthesize a new NDI dye containing powerful binding site for metal ions. By condensation reaction, NDA and an amine (4,6-diamino-2- pyrimidine-thiol) reacts with isoquinoline and m-cresol solvent mixture in the presence of argon gas. The synthesized product was investigated by IR and UV-vis spectroscopy, TGA and DSC analysis for thermal behavior and elemental analysis.
Keywords: Naphthalene diimides.ÖZ:
Naftalin diimidler (NDI), optik, ve fotokimyasal özellikleri ve termal kararlılıkları ile bilinen organik boya sınıfındandırlar. Bu nedenle, hızla gelişen modern teknolojide yer almışlar ve araştırmacıların ilgi noktası olmuşlardır.
NDI-metal etkileşimi absorpsiyon ve emisyon spektrumları, dalga boyu değişiklikleri gibi fotofiziksel ve fotokimyasal özellikleri de değişiklik yapmabilmektedir. Sonuç olarak, NDI metal kompleksleşmesi organik elektronik uygulamalarına uygun potansiyele sahiptir.
Sentezlenmiş bir bileşik değişik çözgenlerde farklı moleküller arası ilişkiler ile fotonik ve optoelektronik özellikleri geliştirir.
Bu nedenle, bu proje metal iyonları için güçlü bağlanma bölgesini içeren yeni bir NDI boya sentezlemek amaçlamaktadır. Kondensasyon reaksiyonu, NDA ve bir amin (4,6-diamino-2-pirimidin-tiyol) ile, argon gazı varlığında izokinolin ve m-kresol çözgen karışımında reaksiyona girer. Sentezlenen ürün IR ve UV-vis spektroskopisi ve TGA ve DSC analizi ile karakterize edilmiştir.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Naftalin diimidler.engEastern Mediterranean University (EMU) - Doğu Akdeniz Üniversitesi (DAÜ)info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessChemistryNaphthalene diimidesOrganic DyesThermalOpticalPhotochemicalNew Naphthalene Diimide Dye Synthesis Containing Powerful Binding Sites for Metal IonsmasterThesisEastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of ChemistryDepartment of Chemistry08 Faculty of Arts and SciencesTheses (Master's and Ph.D) – Chemistry
oai:i-rep.emu.edu.tr:11129/43802020-06-16T23:02:09Zhdl_11129_111Caner, Hamit (Co-Supervisor)İcil, Huriye (Supervisor)Temürlü, Selin2020-06-16T10:44:05Z20162016Temürlü, Selin. (2016). The Synthesis of New Comb Shaped Amphiphilic Polymers. Thesis (M.S.), Eastern Mediterranean University, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Dept. of Chemistry, Famagusta: North Cyprus.http://hdl.handle.net/11129/4380Master of Science in Chemistry. Thesis (M.S.)--Eastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Dept. of Chemistry, 2016. Co-Supervisor: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Hamit Caner, Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Huriye İcil.In recent years, amphiphilic polymers which consist of both hydrophilic and hydrophobic groups, have become more important in the biomedical, biochemical and pharmaceutical fields due to their ability to form supramolecular structure in the aqueous solutions.
In the present thesis, four novel amphiphilic chitosan polymer including different amounts of fluorescent polyimide chromophores with comb shaped structures was successfully synthesized by polycondensation reactions. The synthesized products were analyzed using FTIR, UV-vis and Fluorescence spectrocopy.
Unlike the Chitosan (CS) and Perylene-3,4,9,10- tetracarboxylic dianhydride (PDA), the new products of perylene diimide conjugated chitosan polymer are soluble in most of solvents such as DMSO, DMAc and DMF. The absorption bands were shifted bathocromically in these solvents as solvent polarity increases. The fluorescence quantum yield values of A1PCH, A2PCH, A3PCH and A4PCH were found 0.44, 0.76, 0.50 and 0.56, respectively, in DMF. Among these products, while A2PCH has the highest solubility and fluorescence properties, it has the lowest aggregation.
All of PCH polymers having fluorescent properties can be used in drug delivery systems.
Keywords: Amphiphilic polymers, Perylene polymers, Chitosan, SolubilityÖZ:
Son yıllarda, hidrofobik ve hidrofilik gruplardan oluşan amfifilik polimerler, sulu çözeltilerde süpramoleküler yapı oluşturma yeteneğinden dolayı biyomedikal, biyokimyasal ve eczacılık alanlarında büyük öneme sahiptir.
Bu tezde, farklı miktarlarda floresans aromatik poliimit içeren 4 yeni amfifilik kitosan polimeri tarak şeklinde yapılar ile başarılı bir şekilde polikondensasyon reaksiyonu ile sentezlenmiştir. Sentezlenen ürünler FTIR, UV-vis ve floresans spektroskopi kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir.
Kitosan (CS) ve perilen-3,4,9,10-tetrakarboksilik dianhidrit (PDA)’ in aksine, yeni perilendiimit konjuge kitosan polimerleri DMSO, NMP, DMAc ve DMF gibi bir çok organik çözücü içerisinde çözünmüşlerdir. Bu çözücülerde absorpsiyon bantları çözücü polariteleri arttıkça kırmızıya doğru kaymışlardır. DMF’te A1PCH, A2PCH, A3PCH ve A4PCH’ın floresans kuantum verimleri sırasıyla 0.44, 0.76, 0.50 and 0.56 bulunmuştur. Bu ürünler arasında, A2PCH en yüksek çözünürlük ve floresans özelliğine sahipken, en düşük aggregasyona sahiptir.
Floresans özelliğe sahip bütün PCH polimerleri ilaç taşıma sistemlerinde kullanılabilir.
Anahtar kelimeler: Amfifilik polimerler, Perilen polimerler, Kitosan ve Çözünürlük.engEastern Mediterranean University (EMU) - Doğu Akdeniz Üniversitesi (DAÜ)info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessChemistryPolymers-Inorganic ChemistryAmphiphilic polymersPerylene polymersChitosanSolubilityThe Synthesis of New Comb Shaped Amphiphilic PolymersmasterThesisEastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Dept. of ChemistryDepartment of Chemistry08 Faculty of Arts and SciencesTheses (Master's and Ph.D) – Chemistry
oai:i-rep.emu.edu.tr:11129/46842020-10-23T23:00:56Zhdl_11129_111İcil, HuriyeAbubakar, Adamu2020-10-23T08:17:27Z20162016Abubakar, Adamu. (2016). Novel Core-Expanded Perylene Diimide Dye: Synthesis, Characterization and Optical Properties. Thesis (M.S.), Eastern Mediterranean University, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Dept. of Chemistry, Famagusta: North Cyprus.http://hdl.handle.net/11129/4684Master of Science in Chemistry. Thesis (M.S.)--Eastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Dept. of Chemistry, 2016. Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Huriye İcil.Perylene molecules bearing two aryloxy substituents on bay position (1,7 positions) and two receptor units at the imide positions are most useful fluorescent building blocks for the realization of a broad variety of self-assembly architectures. High absorption of perylene diimides (PDIs) in the visible region offers many advantages for photonic applications, optimum electron transport properties, flexible synthetic potentials to adjust energy levels, solubility, stacking properties, excellent thermal and photo-stability.
In this thesis, a novel perylene diimide with tyramine substitution at the bay (1,7-position) and imide position was designed and synthesized successfully. The synthesized product was characterized by FTIR, UV-vis, emission, TGA, DSC techniques and elemental analysis. The photophysical and thermal properties of Ty-B-PDI reveal that it as a good candidate for photovoltaic applications.ÖZ: Körfez-sübstitüe perilen diimidler, kendiliğinden düzenleme yapabilen yapılarda kullanıma çok uygun floresans yapı taşlarıdır. Görünür bölgede güçlü absorblama yapan perilen diimidlerin fotonik uygulamalarda en önemli avantajları; optimum elektron taşıma özellikleri, enerji seviyesi değişebilir sentez esnekliği, çözünürlük, yığınlaşma özellikleri, mükemmel termal ve foto kararlılıklarıdır.
Bu tezde, gerek körfez (1,7 pozisyonları) ve gerekse imid pozisyonlarında tiraminin sübstitüe olduğu çok yeni bir perilen diimid başarıyle sentezlenmiştir (Ty-B-PDI). Bu bileşik, FT-IR, UV-görünür, emisyon, elemental analiz, TGA ve DSC teknikleriyle ayrıntılı bir şekilde karakterize edilmiştir. Fotofiziksel ve termal özellikler , Ty-B-PDI diimidin fotovoltaik uygulamalar için çok uygun aday bir pigment olduğunu göstermektedir.engEastern Mediterranean University (EMU) - Doğu Akdeniz Üniversitesi (DAÜ)info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessPerylene dyesPerylene diimidesTyramineelectron transportSelf-assemblyChemistryNovel Core-Expanded Perylene Diimide Dye: Synthesis, Characterization and Optical PropertiesmasterThesisEastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Dept. of ChemistryDepartment of Chemistry08 Faculty of Arts and SciencesTheses (Master's and Ph.D) – Chemistry
oai:i-rep.emu.edu.tr:11129/45152020-08-24T23:01:39Zhdl_11129_111İcil, HuriyeAkpan, Courage Iboro2020-08-24T09:53:18Z20162016Akpan, Courage Iboro. (2016). New Perylene Diimide Dye Synthesis Containing Powerful Binding Sites For Metal Ions. Thesis (M.S.), Eastern Mediterranean University, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Dept. of Chemistry, Famagusta: North Cyprus.http://hdl.handle.net/11129/4515Master of Science in Chemistry. Thesis (M.S.)--Eastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Dept. of Chemistry, 2016. Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Huriye İcil.Metal binding is expected to make changes in photophysical and photochemical properties of sensitizers such as wavelength shifts and intensity changes in absorption and emission spectra. Perylene chromophoric dyes are excellent materials of aromatic π-conjugated heterocyclic family. The rigid structure of perylene chromophores causes strong intermolecular π-π interactions giving rise to versatile optical and electronic characteristics. With the advantages of tailoring the imide and bay-positions of perylene structures, exclusive benefits were achieved such as n-type semiconducting character, extended absorption coefficients, high photoluminescence quantum yields, self-assembly behaviours, thermal and photostabilities.
A new perylene diimide dye containing powerful binding site for metal ions was synthesized successfully. The synthesized product was characterized by FTIR, UV-vis, emission, TGA, DSC and elemental analysis. In addition, the photophysical properties were investigated in detail. The high thermal and photostabilities, including important photonic properties, make the new dye a potential candidate for various photo-sensing applications.engEastern Mediterranean University (EMU) - Doğu Akdeniz Üniversitesi (DAÜ)info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessMetal ions--Metal bindingPerylene dyeshydrogen bond donormetal bindingChemistryNew Perylene Diimide Dye Synthesis Containing Powerful Binding Sites For Metal IonsmasterThesisEastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Dept. of ChemistryDepartment of Chemistry08 Faculty of Arts and SciencesTheses (Master's and Ph.D) – Chemistry
oai:i-rep.emu.edu.tr:11129/45592020-09-02T23:02:28Zhdl_11129_111Gazi, MustafaUmar, Mausul2020-09-02T11:51:24Z20172017Mausul Umar. (2017). Removal of Safranin Dye from Aqueous Solution using Surfactant-Modified Carbonized Olive Stones . Thesis (M.S.), Eastern Mediterranean University, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Dept. of Chemistry, Famagusta: North Cyprus.http://hdl.handle.net/11129/4559Master of Science in Chemistry. Thesis (M.S.)--Eastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Dept. of Chemistry, 2017. Supervisor: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Mustafa Gazi.The adsorption study of safranin dye by surfactant modified carbon MCOS produced from olive stone under batch adsorption process was undertaken to check the influence of varying different experimental conditions; initial safranin concentration, pH, adsorbent dosage, temperature, counter ions and time on safranin removal by our adsorbent. Physiochemical characterizations including moisture content, ash content, bulk density etc. was also undertaken. Two well known adsorption isotherms (Langmuir and Freundlich) and three kinetic models (pseudo first and second order, intra particle diffusion) were used to better understand the mechanism involved in the adsorption process.
Our collected results showed that there was an increase in adsorption capacity of MCOS as initial dye concentration, dose and number of counter ions in solution increased; pHpzc was at pH 6.6 while maximum adsorption capacity was 7.30mg/g obtained at pH 7. Langmuir isotherm which implies monolayer coverage by MCOS well represented our equilibrium data with a higher correlation coefficient value of while kinetic study showed that adsorption process followed pseudo second order kinetic model. RL and n values obtained from both adsorption isotherms used indicates a favorable adsorption process. The spontaneity and exothermic nature was confirmed by negative ΔG° and ΔH° values, though spontaneity reduced as temperature increased. Hence, MCOS can serve as an ecofriendly and cheap alternative for removing safranin from industrial waste effluents.ÖZ: Safran boyasının yüzey aktif madde modifiye edilmiş karbonize zeytin çekirdeği MCOS tarafından emilimi üzerine yapılan çalışmada, başlangıçtaki safran konsantrasyonu, pH değeri, emici dozajı, sıcaklık, karşı iyonlar ve safranın kullandığımız emici tarafından adsorbe edilmesi için gereken süre gibi deneysel koşulların adsorpsiyon üzerindeki etkisi kontrol edilmiştir. Nem içeriği, kül içeriği, yığın yoğunluğu gibi fizyokimyasal nitelemeler de üstlenmiştir. Adsorpsiyon işleminin mekanizmasını daha iyi anlayabilmek içi, iki iyi bilinen adsorpsiyon izotermi (Langmuir ve Freundlich) ve üç kinetik modeli (yalancı birinci ve ikinci dereceden, partikül içi difüzyonu) kullanılmıştır.
Elde edilen sonuçlar; başlangıçtaki boya konsantrasyonu, çözeltideki doz ve karşıt iyon sayısı arttıkça, MCOS'un adsorpsiyon kapasitesinde bir artış olduğunu göstermiştir; pH değeri 7 iken, maksimum adsorpsiyon kapasitesi 7.30mg / g olarak elde edilmiş, ve pHpzc değerinin pH 6.6 olduğu gözlemlenmiştir.
Bu çalışmada, adsorpsiyon prosesinin yalancı ikinci dereceden kinetik modeli izlediğini göstermekle birlikte, MCOS tarafından tek katmanlı kapsama alanını ifade eden Langmuir izotermi, denge verilerimizin daha yüksek bir korelasyon katsayısı değeri ile temsil edildimiştir. Kullanılan her iki adsorpsiyon izoterminden elde edilen RL ve n değerleri, elverişli bir adsorpsiyon olayını gösterir. Sıcaklık arttıkça spontaneliğin azalmasına rağmen, spontanelik ve ekzotermiklik, negatif ΔG ° ve ΔH° değerleri ile teyit edilmiştir. Bu nedenle, MCOS, endüstriyel atık çıkışlarından safran giderimi için çevre dostu ve ucuz bir alternatif olarak hizmet verebilir.engEastern Mediterranean University (EMU) - Doğu Akdeniz Üniversitesi (DAÜ)info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessSafraninactivated carbonadsorptionolive stonesChemistryRemoval of Safranin Dye from Aqueous Solution using Surfactant-Modified Carbonized Olive StonesmasterThesisEastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Dept. of ChemistryDepartment of Chemistry08 Faculty of Arts and SciencesTheses (Master's and Ph.D) – Chemistry
oai:i-rep.emu.edu.tr:11129/46212020-10-12T23:01:16Zhdl_11129_111Gazi, MustafaAbdugalimov, Alisher2020-10-12T08:22:03Z20172017Abdugalimov, Alisher. (2017). Bio-based Adsorbent for Removal of Safranin Dye from Aqueous Solutions. Thesis (M.S.), Eastern Mediterranean University, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Dept. of Chemistry, Famagusta: North Cyprus.http://hdl.handle.net/11129/4621Master of Science in Chemistry. Thesis (M.S.)--Eastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Dept. of Chemistry, 2017. Supervisor: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Mustafa Gazi.The potential of dried (CC) and anionic surfactant modified (MCC) prickly pear cactus cladodes as an ecofriendly and low cost material for safranin removal from simulated wastewater was evaluated. Effect of several operational parameters including; pH of safranin solution, counter ions, dosage etc. on the adsorption capacity and removal efficiency of safranin was investigated. Physiochemical characterization of the adsorbents was also undertaken. The experimental data obtained was then tested using different mathematical adsorption isotherms and kinetics.
Results obtained in this study found that the modified cactus samples MCC performed better than the unmodified one CC in all experiments conducted. The adsorption capacity of both samples towards safranin decreased with increasing concentration of competing ions, ionic strength and dosage. Kinetic studies followed the pseudo second order kinetic model; intraparticle diffusion was involved but wasn’t the rate determining step while equilibrium process was well represented by the Freundlich model for MCC. Positive ΔH° (30.4 and 9.2 KJ/mol) and ΔS° (109.7 and 47.6 J/mol K) values coupled with negative ΔG° for both CC and MCC determined from the thermodynamic study confirmed the process to be a spontaneous, endothermic and random disorderly process. Generally, adsorption of safranin by CC and MCC proved to be effective and suggests that they can be used as an alternative adsorbent for wastewater rich in safranin.ȌZ: Anyonik yüzeyaktif madde modifiye ve kurutulmuş çevre dostu ve düşük maliyetli materyal olan babutsa yaprağı, yapay atık sulardan safranın gideriminde incelenmiştir. safranın pH değeri, anti-iyon, dozaj gibi parametrelerin, safranın adsorpsiyon kapasitesi ve giderim etkinliği üzerindeki etkisi araştırılmıştır. Aynı zamanda, sorbentlerin fizikokimyasal nitelendirilmesi de tetkik edilmiştir. Deneysel veriler, farklı matematiksel adsorpsiyon izotermi ve kinetiği kullanılarak test edilmiştir. Bu araştırmada elde edilen sonuçlar, modifiye edilmiş babutsa örneklerinin, modifiye edilmemişlere kıyasla daha iyi performans göstermektedir. Her iki örneğin de safran adsorpsiyon kapasiteleri, iyonların konsantrasyon artışı, dozajı ve iyon gücü ile ters orantı göstererek azalmıştır.
MCC için Freundlich modeli, Kinetik; partikül içi diffüzyonu gerçekleşmiş, ancak hız belirleme basamağı
Partikül içi difüzyonun gerçekleşmesine karşın hız belirleme basamağını içermeyen ve MCC için Freundlich modeli tarafından iyi tanımlanan bu sistemde çalışmalar yalancı ikinci dereceden kinetik modele uymaktadır. eşleşmiştir
Pozitif ΔH° (30.4 ve 9.2 KJ/mol) ve ΔS° (109.7 ve 47.6 J/mol K) değerleri termodinamik çalışmalar sonuçu belirlenmiş negatif ΔG° ile hem CC hem de MCC için eşleşmiş olup; sürecin sürekli, endotermik ve gelişigüzel düzensiz olduğu teyit edilmiştir.
Safranın CC ve MCC tarafından emilmesinin genellikle etkili olduğu kanıtlanmış olup, safranca zengin atık suların absorplanmasında alternatif olarak kullanılabileceği önerilmiştir.engEastern Mediterranean University (EMU) - Doğu Akdeniz Üniversitesi (DAÜ)info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessChemistry DepartmentCactus cladodesadsorptionsafraninwaste water treatmentBio-based Adsorbent for Removal of Safranin Dye from Aqueous SolutionsmasterThesisEastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Dept. of ChemistryDepartment of Chemistry08 Faculty of Arts and SciencesTheses (Master's and Ph.D) – Chemistry
oai:i-rep.emu.edu.tr:11129/49532021-06-11T23:01:15Zhdl_11129_111İcil, HuriyeAgeel, Nura2021-06-11T07:59:58Z20172017Ageel, Nura. (2017). The Synthesis of Novel Comb Shaped and Chiral Amphiphilic Polymers. Thesis (M.S.), Eastern Mediterranean University, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Dept. of Chemistry, Famagusta: North Cyprus.http://hdl.handle.net/11129/4953Master of Science in Chemistry. Thesis (M.S.)--Eastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Dept. of Chemistry, 2017. Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Huriye İcil.In recent years, intensive research efforts have been committed to studying Am-phiphilic polymers, particularly in the pharmaceutical applications. These polymers have ability to form a different macromolecular architecture in the aqueous solution such as polymeric micelles.
Novel combshaped, chiral and fluorescent amphiphilic polymers are important for pharmaceutical applications including hydrophobic drug solubilization.
In this thesis, four chiral, combshaped and fluorescent novel amphiphilic polymers were synthesized from chitosan and perylene diimide. The compounds were analyzed using FTIR, UV-vis and Emission spectroscopy.ÖZ:
Son yıllarda, özellikle farmasötik uygulamalarda, amfifilik polimerler ile ilgili yoğun araştırmalar yapılmaktadır. Bu polimerler, polimerik miseller gibi sulu çözeltide farklı bir makromoleküler yapı oluşturabilme özelliğine sahiptirler.
Yeni tarak şeklinde ve kiral amfifilik polimerler, hidrofobik ilaç çözünürlüğü bakımından farmasötik uygulamalarda önemlidirler.
Bu tez çalışmasında, kiral ve tarak yapısı özellikleriyle dört yeni amfifilik polimerler sentezlenmiştir. Bileşikler, FTIR, UV-vis ve Emisyon spektroskopisi kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir.engEastern Mediterranean University (EMU) - Doğu Akdeniz Üniversitesi (DAÜ)info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessChemistryPolymers--Inorganic ChemistryAmphiphilic polymercomb shapedfluorescent chitosanThe Synthesis of Novel Comb Shaped and Chiral Amphiphilic PolymersmasterThesisEastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Dept. of ChemistryDepartment of Chemistry08 Faculty of Arts and SciencesTheses (Master's and Ph.D) – Chemistry
oai:i-rep.emu.edu.tr:11129/49362021-06-09T23:01:33Zhdl_11129_111Oladipo, Akeem (Co-Supervisor)Gazi, Mustafa (Supervisor)Ifebajo, Ayodeji Olugbenga2021-06-09T12:46:34Z20192019Ifebajo, Ayodeji Olugbenga. (2019). Synthesis, Characterization and Environmental Application of a Magnetic LDH-Based CoO•CuFe2O4 Nanocatalyst. Thesis (Ph.D.), Eastern Mediterranean University, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Dept. of Chemistry, Famagusta: North Cyprus.http://hdl.handle.net/11129/4936Doctor of Philosophy in Chemistry. Thesis (Ph.D.)--Eastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Dept. of Chemistry, 2019. Co-Supervisor: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Akeem Oladipo and Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Mustafa Gazi.Herein, we synthesized a multipurpose CoO•CuFe2O4 magnetic mixed metal oxide (MMO) nanocatalyst from its corresponding Layered double hydroxide (CoCuFe LDH) via a simple co-precipitation method. The resultant magnetic CoO•CuFe2O4 MMO was well characterized using SEM, VSM, FTIR, XRD and UV–vis DRS. Thereafter, the potential of the as-synthesized magnetic nanocatalyst, CoO•CuFe2O4 MMO to remove tetracycline (TET) via adsorption and degrade Eriochrome Black T (EBT) via a combination of adsorption and sunlight assisted photocatalysis was then explored. The influence of varying adsorption and photocatalytic operational parameters including; contact time, pH, pollutant initial concentration, dosage, scavengers, temperature, interfering counter ions on the removal and degradation efficiency was also investigated systematically. Finally, the equilibrium adsorption data obtained at 298 K were analyzed using four two-parameter adsorption isotherms.
The characteristics results demonstrated that the average pore diameter, surface area and pH point zero charge of the CoO•CuFe2O4 MMO was 5.8 nm, 348.5 m2/g and 5.8 respectively with an optical band gap of 2.1 eV. Also, the saturation magnetization, Ms of the calcined mixed metal oxide (83.2 emu/g) were higher than that of the LDH precursor (61.3 emu/g). The FTIR spectra confirmed the presence of OH-stretching and intercalated anions in the structure of the Co•Fe LDH which disappeared on calcination. Thus, confirming the formation of the CoO•CuFe2O4 MMO.
Results obtained from the adsorption studies of both TET and EBT showed that the solution pH had a significant effect on the adsorption potential of the CoO•CuFe2O4 MMO. Equilibrium adsorption data was well simulated by the Langmuir isotherm with maximum adsorption capacity for TET and EBT was 175.4 and 51.8 mg/g at pH 6.0 and 2.0. Thermodynamic parameters, enthalpy ΔH° = 27.35 KJ/mol and Gibbs free energy change, ΔG°= -2.60 ‒ -5.14 KJ/mol confirmed that the adsorptive removal of TET was thermodynamically feasible and endothermic.
Catalytic potential of CoO•CuFe2O4 MMO was also evaluated for the removal of EBT. Results obtained shows that the degradation of EBT dye was very rapid and depends on the dye solution pH, catalyst dosage and substrate concentration. Optimum dosage and pH for EBT degradation was 1.0 g/L at pH 2.0. After 60 min of sunlight irradiation, 98%, 93% and 86% degradation was observed for 10, 20 and 40 ppm initial EBT concentration respectively. The proposed mechanism revealed that the photogenerated holes (h+) were the main reactive specie responsible for the degradation of EBT dye. After six consecutive recycling runs, the removal and degradation efficiency of the regenerated CoO•CuFe2O4 MMO was still very high at ~ 93% and 80% for TET and EBT.
Overall, the findings in this study confirmed that the CoO•CuFe2O4 MMO can act as a suitable adsorbent for removal of TET and also as adsorbent/photocatalyst in the degradation of EBT from aqueous solution.ÖZ:
Burada, basit bir birlikte çöktürme yöntemi kullanarak tabakalı çift hidroksit (CoCuFe LDH) yapısında çok amaçlı CoO•CuFe2O4 manyetik karışık metal oksit (MMO) nanokatalist sentezlenmiştir. Oluşan manyetik CoO•CuFe2O4 MMO yapısı SEM, VSM, FTIR, XRD, ve UV-vis DRS kullanılarak detaylı bir şekilde karakterize edilmiştir. Daha sonra, sentezlenmiş olan manyetik nanokatalist CoO•CuFe2O4 MMO ‘ nun adsorpsiyonu ile Tetrasiklin (TET) uzaklaştırma ve adsorpsiyona ek olarak güneş ışığı destekli fotokataliz kombinasyonu ile Eriochrome Black T (EBT) boyasını parçalama potansiyeli araştırılmıştır. Uzaklaştırma ve parçalama verimi üzerine etki yapan temas süresi, pH, kirletici maddenin başlangıç konsantrasyonu, dozaj, temizleyiciler, sıcaklık ve engelleyici karşı iyonları da içeren çeşitli adsorpsiyon ve fotokatalitik işlem parametrelerinin etkileri de sistematik olarak araştırılmıştır. Sonuç olarak, 298 K sıcaklıkta elde edilen denge halindeki adsorpsiyon verisi dört adet iki-parametreli adsorpsiyon izotermi kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir.
CoO•CuFe2O4 MMO ‘ nun karakteristik özellik sonuçları ortalama por çapı, yüzey alanı ve sıfır yüklü pH değerinin sırasıyla 5.8 nm, 348.5 m2/g ve 5.8 olduğuna ek olarak optik bant aralığının 2.1 eV olduğunu da göstermiştir. Ayrıca, kalsine karışık metal oksitin doygunluk mıknatıslanması, Ms (83.2 emu/g) LDH öncü maddesinden (61.3 emu/g) daha yüksek olduğu bulunmuştur. FTIR spektrumları Co•Fe LDH yapısındaki OH-uzamasının ve araya giren anyonların oluşturduğu görüntülerin kalsinasyon sonucu ortadan kalktığını onaylamıştır. Böylece, CoO•CuFe2O4 MMO yapısının oluşumu onaylanmıştır.
TET ve EBT için yapılan adsorpsiyon çalışmalarından elde edilen sonuçlar solüsyonun pH değerinin CoO•CuFe2O4 MMO nun adsorpsiyon potansiyelinde önemli bir etkisi olduğunu göstermiştir. Denge halindeki emilim verisi Langmuir izotermi kullanılarak iyi bir şekilde simüle edilmiş olup TET ve EBT için maksimum adsorpsiyon kapasitesi sırasıyla pH 6.0 değerinde 175.4 mg/g ve pH 2.0 değerinde 51.8 mg/g olarak bulunmuştur. Termodinamik parametreler, entalpi ΔH° = 27.35 KJ/mol ve Gibbs serbest enerji değişimi, ΔG°= -2.60 ‒ -5.14 KJ/mol TET in adsorpsiyon ile uzaklaştırılmasının endotermik ve termodinamik olarak mümkün olduğunu onaylamıştır.
CoO•CuFe2O4 MMO ‘ nun katalitik potansiyeli EBT ‘ nin uzaklaştırılması ile değerlendirilmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlar EBT boyasının parçalanmasının çok hızlı olmasının yanı sıra boya solüsyonunun pH değeri, katalist miktarı ve substrat konsantrasyonuna bağlı olduğunu göstermiştir. EBT parçalanması için optimum dozaj 1.0 g/L ve pH 2.0 olarak bulunmuştur. Başlangıç konsantrasyonu 10, 20 ve 40 ppm olan EBT ‘ nin 60 dakika boyunca güneş ışınına maruz kalmasından sonra oluşan parçalanma oranlarının sırasıyla 98%, %93 ve 86% olduğu gözlemlenmiştir. Önerilen mekanizma foto jenere boşlukların (h+) EBT boyasının parçalanmasındaki ana reaktif tür olduğunu ortaya çıkarmıştır. Birbirini izleyen altı geri dönüşümlü denemelerden sonra bile CoO•CuFe2O4 MMO ‘ nun parçalama verimi oldukça yüksek olup TET ve EBT için sırasıyla ~ 93% ve 80% olarak ölçülmüştür.
Genel olarak, bu çalışmadan elde edilen bulgular CoO•CuFe2O4 MMO nun TET uzaklaştırılması işlemi için uygun bir adsorbent olabileceğini ve ayrıca sulu çözeltilerden EBT nin parçalanmasında ise uygun bir adsorbent/fotokatalist olabileceğini göstermiştir.engEastern Mediterranean University (EMU) - Doğu Akdeniz Üniversitesi (DAÜ)info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessChemistryNanocatalystPhotocatalysismixed metal oxidestetracyclineazo dyeEriochrome black TadsorptionSynthesis, Characterization and Environmental Application of a Magnetic LDH-Based CoO•CuFe2O4 NanocatalystdoctoralThesisEastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Dept. of ChemistryDepartment of Chemistry08 Faculty of Arts and SciencesTheses (Master's and Ph.D) – Chemistry
oai:i-rep.emu.edu.tr:11129/48112021-01-06T00:01:02Zhdl_11129_111İlktaç, Mehmet (Co-Supervisor)Gazi, Mustafa (Supervisor)Uluçınar, Hatice2021-01-05T13:06:24Z20172017Uluçınar, Hatice. (2017). Phytochemical Analysis and Biochemical Analysis of Washingtonia filifera Fruits and Seeds. Thesis (M.S.), Eastern Mediterranean University, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Dept. of Chemistry, Famagusta: North Cyprus.http://hdl.handle.net/11129/4811Master of Science in Chemistry. Thesis (M.S.)--Eastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Dept. of Chemistry, 2017. Co-Supervisor: Assist. Prof. Dr. Mehmet İlktaç and Supervisor: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Mustafa Gazi.The investigation of antibacterial activities of natural plants is a potential guide for treating infectious diseases. Many years from now on, roots, fruits, seeds or leaves of natural plants have been used for medicinal agents. Therefore, natural plants have a wide range of pharmacological and biological activities such as antimicrobial, diuretics and anti-inflammatory functions. The main benefit of using natural sources is to decrease the side effects of synthetic drugs which are used for treatments.
The aim of this research is to investigate antibacterial activities and antioxidant activities of Washingtonia filifera (California Desert Palm) seeds and fruits. The antibacterial activity of seeds and fruits were tested against Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) pathogenic bacteria. The antioxidant activity was tested with ABTS+ radical scavenging activity assay and DPPH scavenging activity assay. The Washingtonia filifera was chosen as an investigation plant because there is no research or investigation yet about W. filifera’s antibacterial activities, antioxidant activities and its medicinal effects. The other reason is that W. filifera is found in most of the cities or villages in Cyprus. So, it is the plant that can be found easily and if there is any antibacterial activity or antioxidant activity, the plant can be used as a natural source for treatment of some diseases. Thus, this result may lead to design a new drug with using W. filifera seeds and fruits.ÖZ:
Doğal bitkilerin anti-bakteriyel aktivitelerinin incelenmesi, bulaşıcı hastalıkların tedavisinde potansiyel bir yol gösterici olmaktadır. Geçmişte de, doğal bitkilerin kökleri, meyveleri, tohumları ve yaprakları tıbbi olarak kullanılmaktaydı. Bu nedenle, doğal bitkiler geniş bir farmakolojik ve biyolojik aktiviteye sahiptirler, örneğin; anti-mikrobik, diyüretik ve iltihap giderici fonksiyonlar. Doğal kaynakları kullanmaktaki temel fayda, tedavilerde kullanılan sentetik ilaçların yan etkilerini azaltmaktır.
Bu tezin amacı, California çöl palmiyesi olarak da bilinen Washingtonia filifera tohum ve meyvelerinin anti-bakteriyel ve antioksidan aktivitelerinin araştırılmasıdır. Tohum ve meyvelerin anti-bakteriyel aktivitesi Gram-pozitif (Staphylococcus aureus) ve Gram-negatif (Escherichia coli) patojenik bakterilere karşı test edilmiştir. Antioksidan aktivite, ABTS+● radikal süpürgeme aktivite ve DPPH● süpürgeme aktivite deneyleriyle test edilmiştir. Washingtonia filifera araştırma bitkisi olarak seçildi çünkü W. filifera’nın anti-bakteriyel, antioksidan ve tıbbi etkileriyle ilgili henüz bir araştırma ya da inceleme bulunmamaktadır. Bir diğer neden ise, W. filifera Kıbrıs’taki çoğu şehir veya köylerde bulunmaktadır. Bu yüzden, bitki kolayca bulunabilmektedir. Eğer anti-bakteriyel ya da antioksidan aktivite aktivitesi var ise bu bitki bazı hastalıkların tedavisinde doğal bir kaynak olarak kullanılabilir. Böylece, bu sonuç W. filifera’nın tohum ve meyveleri kullanılarak yeni bir ilaç tasarlamaya yol açabilir.engEastern Mediterranean University (EMU) - Doğu Akdeniz Üniversitesi (DAÜ)info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessChemistryBotany, Medical--Medicinal plantsWashingtonia filiferaantibacterial activityantioxidant activity medicinal plantsPhytochemical Analysis and Biochemical Analysis of Washingtonia filifera Fruits and SeedsmasterThesisEastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Dept. of ChemistryDepartment of Chemistry08 Faculty of Arts and SciencesTheses (Master's and Ph.D) – Chemistry
oai:i-rep.emu.edu.tr:11129/52102021-12-02T00:01:11Zhdl_11129_111Gazi, MustafaFolorunso, Elizabeth Funmilayo2021-12-01T06:46:08Z20182018-02Folorunso, Elizabeth Funmilayo. (2018). Azo-Dye Eriochrome Black T Degradation by Heterogeneous Fenton-Like Reaction Using Olive Stones Activated Carbon-Fe Catalyst. Thesis (M.S.), Eastern Mediterranean University, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Dept. of Chemistry, Famagusta: North Cyprus.http://hdl.handle.net/11129/5210Master of Science in Chemistry. Thesis (M.S.)--Eastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Dept. of Chemistry, 2018. Supervisor: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Mustafa Gazi.Chemically activated carbon K-AC was fabricated from a by-product of olive oil production (olive stones) after chemical treatment with KOH. The as-synthesized activated carbon was then used for; (1) adsorption of an azo dye, Eriochrome black T (EBT) and (2) to prepare a heterogeneous Fenton catalyst Fe-AC, for degradation of same dye using the Fenton-like process. Evaluation of the effect of pH (2-10), temperature (20-50 °C) and contact time required for adsorption was studied while effects of hydrogen peroxide concentration, EBT concentration and time on rate of degradation of EBT was also determined. Optimum conditions for both processes are reported while kinetics of EBT adsorption and degradation was also investigated. Results from the undertaken study showed that temperature and pH had a predominant impact on the adsorption of EBT by K-AC. Also, the Langmuir isotherm equation provided a better fit to experimental data than Freundlich equation implying monolayer adsorption on surface of K-AC. Maximum adsorption capacity of K-AC at 20 °C as determined using the Langmuir isotherm was 101.01 mg/g. RL (0.54-0.92) and n (1.04) values confirmed that the adsorption process is favorable while positive enthalpy (ΔH°; 32.7 KJmol-1) and negative free energy (ΔG°; -1.07 KJmol-1) referred to an endothermic and a spontaneous adsorption process. EBT degradation increased as time and peroxide concentration increased. However, it decreased as EBT concentration increased. Overall, degradation experiments were conducted at optimum conditions (6mM H2O2 and pH 4) to evaluate catalyst degradation efficiency. It was further observed that adsorption kinetics of EBT followed pseudo second order kinetic model based on R2 values. Further analysis on the regeneration of spent Fe-AC using water indicates that catalyst degradation
efficiency can be maintained even after three cycles which makes it economical to use in EBT degradation. According to results obtained in this study, both K-AC and Fe-AC can act as adsorbent and catalyst for the efficient removal of EBT dye.
Keywords: Olive stones, Fenton process, Adsorption, Eriochrome black TÖZ:
Kimyasal K-AC aktif Karbonun, zeytinyağı üretiminin yan ürünü olan zeytin çekirdekleri kullanarak, KOH kullanılarak kimyasal olarak üretildi. Sentezlenmiş aktif karbon , daha sonra belirtilen alanlarda; (1) Azo boya absorpsiyonunda (Eriochrome Black T) (EBT) (2) Fe-AC heterojen Fenton kataliz hazırlanışında, aynı boyanın degredasyonunda kullanılan Fenton-benzeri reaksiyonlarda kullanıldı. Aktif karbon’un absorpsiyonu için gerekli olan pH (2-10), sıcaklık (20-50 derece) ve temas süresi değerlendirilip, çalışıldı. Bu çalışmalar yapılırken hidrojen peroksit konsantrasyonunun, EBT konsantrasyonunun etkisi ve zamanının EBT nin degredasyonu üzerine olan etkisi belirlendi. EBT nin absorpsyon ve degredasyon kinetiği incelenirken, her iki reaksyon için geçerli olan optimal koşullar araştırılıp, raporlanmıştır. Yapılan çalışma ve elde edilen sonuçlar, EBT’nin K-AC tarafından absorpsiyonunda sıcaklık ve pH’in öne çıkan önemli faktörler olduğunu ortaya çıkarmıştır. Bunlara ek olarak, Langmuir İzoterm denklemi deneysel verilere Freundlinch denklemine göre daha uygun sonuçlar vermesi, K-AC aktif karbon yüzeyinin tek tabaka absorpsyonuna sahip olduğu göstermektedir. K-AC’nin maksimum absorpsiyon kapasitesi, 20 derece sıcaklıkta Langmuir izoterm denklemi kullanılarak bullundu, bu değer 101.01 mg/g olarak belirlendi. RL (0.54-0.92) ve n (1.04) değerleri gösteriyor ki positif entalpi (ΔH; 32.7 Kj mol-1) ve negatif serbest enerji (ΔG; -1.07 Kj mol -1) ki bunlar sırasıyla endotermik ve spontane absorpsyon reaksyonunu simgeler; tüm bunlar aktif karbonun absorpsyonu için elverişli olduğunu gösterir. Zaman ve hydrojen peroxit konsantrasyonu artıkça, EBT degradasyonu artar. Oysa, EBT konsantrasyonu artıkça , EBT degradasyonu azalır. Sonuç olarak, kataliz degradasyonunun verimini ölçmek için degradasyon deneyleri
optimal koşullarda (6 mM H2O2 ve pH 4 ) uygulandı. Buna ek olarak , EBT R2 değerlerine göre EBT nin absorpsyon kinetiği, pseudo ikinci dereceden kinetik denklemine uygundur. Dahası, kullanılmış Fe-AC nin su kullanarak regenerasyonu gösteriyor ki katalizin degredasyon verimi üç döngüden sonra bile korunuyor, bu da, Fe-AC’nin EBT degredasyonu için ekonomik yönden uygun olduğunu gösteriyor. Çalışmadan elde edilen sonuçlara bakıldığında K-AC ve Fe-AC, her ikisinin de EBT boyasının verimli bir şekilde gideriminde absorban ve kataliz olarak görev yaptığı gözlenir.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Fenton Reaksyonu, adsorpsiyon, zeytin çekirdeği, Eriochrome black TengEastern Mediterranean University (EMU) - Doğu Akdeniz Üniversitesi (DAÜ)info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessChemistryOlive stonesFenton processAdsorptionEriochrome black TAzo-Dye Eriochrome Black T Degradation by Heterogeneous Fenton-Like Reaction Using Olive Stones Activated Carbon-Fe CatalystmasterThesisEastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Dept. of ChemistryDepartment of Chemistry08 Faculty of Arts and SciencesTheses (Master's and Ph.D) – Chemistry
oai:i-rep.emu.edu.tr:11129/51852021-11-30T00:01:12Zhdl_11129_111Gazi, Mustafa (Co-Supervisor)Gülcan, Ozan Hayrettin (Supervisor)Ertuğruloğlu, Pınar2021-11-29T08:15:03Z20182018-07Ertuğruloğlu, Pınar. (2018). Investigation of Interaction of Duloxetine with Alginic Acid Polymers. Thesis (M.S.), Eastern Mediterranean University, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Dept. of Chemistry, Famagusta: North Cyprus.http://hdl.handle.net/11129/5185Master of Science in Chemistry. Thesis (M.S.)--Eastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Dept. of Chemistry, 2018. Co-Supervisor: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Mustafa Gazi and Supervisor: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Ozan Hayrettin GülcanIn this study, glutaraldehyde cross-linked alginate bead was prepared and characterized by FT-IR analysis. Its potential to adsorb an antidepressant drug duloxetine hydrochloride (DLU) was investigated. The adsorption studies were carried out in 25mg/L DLU solution in water wherein 0.015-0.035g alginate bead was utilized. The studies were conducted at 25oC under atmospheric pressure with a continuous stirring at 200 rpm. The studies indicated that the polymer had a high affinity to bind to the DLU. The adsorption capacity was found as 5.33 mg of DLU /gram of alginate bead. The DLU binding capacity of the adsorbent was associated to the formation of ion-ion interaction between the quaternized amine moiety present in DLU and the carboxylates available within the alginate structure.
Furthermore, the kinetic studies performed indicated that the binding process fitted to the pseudo-second order kinetic model. The rate constant of initial adsorption was found to be 0.0125 g/mg.min. In addition, the results of adsorption equilibrium fitted the Freundlich isotherm. This further pointed out a multilayer coverage and a heterogeneous surface on the bead prepared. Overall, the results indicated that alginate bead utilized appears to be a good natural polymer for efficient removal of highly consumed DLU.
Keywords: alginate; antidepressant; duloxetine; removal; water treatmentÖZ:
Bu çalışmada, glutaraldehit çapraz bağlı aljinat boncuk, FTIR analizi ile hazırlandı ve karakterize edildi. Antidepresan ilaç duloksetin hidroklorür (DLU) adsorbe etme potansiyeli araştırıldı. Adsorpsiyon çalışmaları, su içinde 25 mg / L DLU çözeltisi içinde gerçekleştirildi, burada 0.015-0.035g aljinat boncuk kullanıldı. Çalışmalar, 25 °C'de, atmosferik basınç altında, 200 rpm'de sürekli bir karıştırma ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmalar, polimerin DLU'ya bağlanma eğiliminin yüksek olduğunu göstermiştir. Adsorpsiyon kapasitesi 5.33 mg DLU / gram aljinat boncuk olarak bulunmuştur. Adsorbentin DLU bağlama kapasitesi, DLU içinde bulunan kuaternize amin kısmı ve aljinat yapısı içinde mevcut olan karboksilatlar arasındaki iyon-iyon etkileşiminin oluşumu ile ilişkilendirilmiştir.
Ayrıca, gerçekleştirilen kinetik çalışmalar, başlangıç adsorpsiyon oranı sabitinin 0.0125 g / mg.min olarak tahmin edildiği, yalancı ikinci dereceden kinetik modele bağlanan bağlama sürecinin olduğunu göstermiştir. Dahası, adsorpsiyon dengesinin sonuçları, çok katmanlı bir kapsama ve heterojen bir yüzeye işaret eden Freundlich izotermine oturtulmuştur. Genel olarak, sonuçlar, kullanılan aljinat kordonunun, yüksek oranda tüketilen DLU'nun etkili bir şekilde giderilmesi için iyi ve doğal bir polimer gibi görünmektedir.
Anahtar kelimeler: aljinat; antidepresan; duloksetin; giderim; su arıtmaengEastern Mediterranean University (EMU) - Doğu Akdeniz Üniversitesi (DAÜ)info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessChemistryalginateantidepressantduloxetineremovalwater treatmentInvestigation of Interaction of Duloxetine with Alginic Acid PolymersmasterThesisEastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Dept. of ChemistryDepartment of Chemistry08 Faculty of Arts and SciencesTheses (Master's and Ph.D) – Chemistry
oai:i-rep.emu.edu.tr:11129/53152022-03-12T00:01:20Zhdl_11129_111Tüzmen, Şükrü (Co-Supervisor)İcil, Huriye (Supervisor)Rajab, Arwa Abou2022-03-11T07:35:37Z2018-072018Rajab, Arwa Abou. (2018). Interactions of Novel Sets of Perylene Dianhydrides and a Diimide with G-Quadruplex Structures in Human DNA. Thesis (M.S.), Eastern Mediterranean University, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Dept. of Chemistry, Famagusta: North Cyprus.http://hdl.handle.net/11129/5315Master of Science in Chemistry. Institute of Graduate Studies and Research. Thesis (M.S.) - Eastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Dept. of Chemistry, 2018. Co-Supervisor: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Şükrü Tüzmen, Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Huriye İcil.Scientists from different fields have been coming together and trying to work on cancer therapies for many years. Recently, the interaction of perylene derivatives with G-quadruplex structures in human DNA has been studied for this purpose. Perylene derivatives have the ability to bind to the unusual DNA secondary structures called G-quadruplexes that form on specific regions of the human genome. In this thesis, two perylene tetracarboxylic dianhydrides (PDA) and a perylene diimide (PDI) were observed with regard to their interactions with G-quadruplex DNA. A PCR (polymerase chain reaction) amplified region from the human beta globin gene was used to prove the formation of G-quadruplex structures in the presence of repetitive guanine bases, and c-kit and a-coreTT were used as the guanine rich oligonucleotides. The complexations were analyzed using absorption and emission spectroscopy and gel electrophoresis techniques. Absorption and emission investigations have illustrated a variation in the peaks of the primers and compounds when the complexation was performed. Electrophoresis results have shown that bands with the PCR product alone migrate faster than the bands with the PCR product and the perylene derivative together. Overall, the investigated perylene derivatives have a potential binding affinity towards G-quadruplex structures throughout the human genome. Keywords: Perylene derivatives, G-quadruplex, cancer therapy, beta globin gene, telomeric region, promoter region.ÖZ:
Farklı alanlardan bilim adamları uzun yıllardır bir araya gelip kanser tedavileri
üzerinde çalışmaktadır. Kanser tedavisi amacı ile, son zamanlarda perilen
türevlerinin insan DNA’sındaki G-quadruplex yapılarıyla etkileşimi incelenmiştir.
Perilen türevleri insan DNA’sının belirli bölgelerinde oluşan G-quadruplex adı
verilen olağandışı DNA sekonder yapılarına bağlanma yeteneğine sahiptir.
Bu tezde, iki perilen tetrakarboksilik dianhidrit ve bir perilen diimid türevinin insan
DNA’sındaki G-quadruplex yapıları ile etkileşimi gözlemlenmiştir. Polimeraz zincir
reaksiyonu ile insan beta globin geninden amplifiye edilmiş bir bölge, G-quadruplex
yapılarının ard arda tekrarlayan guanin bazlarının varlığıyla oluştuğunu ıspatlamak
amacıyla kullanılmıştır. Guanin bazı ile zengin oligonükleotidler olarak da c-kit ve acoreTT
kullanılmıştır. Kompleksleşme, absorpsiyon ve emisyon spektroskopisi ile jel
elektroforezi teknikleri kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir.
Absorpsiyon ve emisyon incelemeleri, kompleksleştirmenin sadece primerler ve
bileşiklere ait absorpsiyon ve emisyon piklerinde bir varyasyona neden olduğunu
göstermektedir. Elektroforez sonuçları, sadece polimeraz zincir reaksiyonu ürünü
içeren bantların polimeraz zincir reaksiyonu ürünü ve perilen türevini birlikte içeren
bantlardan daha hızlı koştuğunu göstermiştir. Sonuç olarak incelenen perilen
türevleri, insan genomunda bulunan G-quadruplex yapılarına karşı potansiyel bir
bağlanma afinitesine sahiptir.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Perilen türevleri, G-quadruplex, kanser tedavileri, beta globin
geni, telomerik bölge, promoter bölge.engEastern Mediterranean University (EMU) - Doğu Akdeniz Üniversitesi (DAÜ)info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessChemistryPerylene dyesPerylene derivativesG-quadruplexcancer therapybeta globin genetelomeric regionpromoter regionInteractions of Novel Sets of Perylene Dianhydrides and a Diimide with G-Quadruplex Structures in Human DNAmasterThesisEastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Dept. of ChemistryDepartment of Chemistry08 Faculty of Arts and SciencesTheses (Master's and Ph.D) – Chemistry
oai:i-rep.emu.edu.tr:11129/53482022-04-20T23:01:21Zhdl_11129_111Altundağ, Ergül Mutlu (Co-Supervisor)Gazi, Mustafa (Supervisor)Özbilenler, Cahit2022-04-20T11:20:41Z20192019-07Özbilenler, Cahit. (2019). Physicochemical and Quantitative Cell Viability Assays of Quercetin-Encapsulated Alginate Beads. Thesis (M.S.), Eastern Mediterranean University, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Dept. of Chemistry, Famagusta: North Cyprus.http://hdl.handle.net/11129/5348Master of Science in Chemistry. Thesis (M.S.)--Eastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Dept. of Chemistry, 2019. Co-Supervisor: Assist. Prof. Dr. Ergül Mutlu Altundağ, Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Mustafa Gazi.In this thesis, quercetin-encapsulated alginate beads were prepared in two different
version; normal ionic cross-linked gel beads and cryogel beads. FT-IR was used to
characterize the beads and to check the basic chemical moieties from beads. It was
found that quercetin molecules could be trapped into and outside the “egg box”
between polymer chains and they would make weak interactions such as polar-polar
interactions with the functional groups of alginate. Swelling and drying profiles were
studied. Based on release studies, it was found that Mueller Hinton Broth (MHB)
was not a suitable release medium for the beads due to the reaction between the ester
moiety of casein hydrolysate in MHB and carboxylate groups of alginate would limit
the release of quercetin. Therefore, 0.9% saline should be preferred for antimicrobial
assays. In addition, sodium ions in RPMI-1640 caused the swelling of beads, which
lead to the maximum release of drug.
Release kinetic models showed that release of quercetin from cryogel beads fit to the
first order release model in DMSO and this meant that release of quercetin is based
on the concentration of quercetin. Release of quercetin from gel beads fit to the
higuchi release model in DMSO and this meant that quercetin concentration was
lower in polymer than its solubility and release occurs through the pores in the
matrix. Release of quercetin from gel beads and cryogel beads fit to the first order
release model in 0.9% saline with 40% DMSO of total solution. Thus, release of
quercetin is based on the concentration of quercetin. Cryogel beads and gel beads fit
to zero order release model in RPMI-1640 between 12 and 48 hours.
Cell viability, MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide)
assay showed that as the concentration of quercetin released from the beads
increases, the percent viability of (B-CPAP) papillary thyroid cancer cells decreases.
In addition, DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) assay showed that as the
concentration of quercetin release from beads increases the inhibition of free radical
increases. However, in time-kill assay to have signıficant effect on bacteria, the
concentration of quercetin in the beads should be increased.
Keywords: Quercetin, papillary thyroid cancer cells (B-CPAP) , 3-(4,5-
dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), 2,2-diphenyl-1-
picrylhydrazyl (DPPH)ÖZ:
Bu tez çalışmasında, kuvarsetin yüklü aljinat kürecikleri iki farklı versiyonda
hazırlanmıştır; normal iyonik çapraz bağlı jel küreler ve kriyojel küreler. Kürelerin
çapları ve kütle ölçümleri yapılmış ve küreleri karakterize etmek ve tanelerin temel
kimyasal kısımlarını kontrol etmek için FT-IR spektroskopisi kullanılmıştır.
Kuvarsetin moleküllerinin “egg box” içerisine yeraldığı ve aljinatın fonksiyonel
gruplarıyla polar-polar etkileşimi gibi zayıf etkileşimler yaptıkları tespit edilmiştir.
Şişme ve kurutma profilleri incelenmiştir. Mueller Hinton Broth (MHB), MHB
içerisindeki kazein hidrolizatın ester kısmı ile aljinatların karboksilat grupları
arasındaki reaksiyonun, kuvarsetin salımını sınırlayacağından küreler için uygun bir
salım ortamı olmadığı saptanmıştır. Bu nedenle, antimikrobiyal çalışmalar için% 0.9
salin tercih edilmelidir. Ek olarak, RPMI-1640' daki sodyum iyonları boncukların
şişmesine ve böylece ilacın maksimum salınımına yol açtığı belirlenmiştir.
Serbest bırakma kinetik modelleri, DMSO ortamında kriyojel boncuklardan
kuvarsetin salınmasının, birinci dereceden serbest bırakma modeline uyduğunu ve
bunun kuvarsetin konsantrasyonuna dayandığı anlamına geldi. DMSO ortamında
kuvarsetin 'in jel boncuklarından salınması, higuchi salma modeline uymaktadır ve
bunun anlamı, quercetin konsantrasyonunun polimerde çözünürlüğünden daha düşük
olması ve salımın matriks içindeki gözeneklere yardımıyla gerçekleştiği anlamına
gelmektedir. Kriyojel ve jel kürelerden kuvarsetin salımı, hem DMSO hem de %40
DMSO içeren % 0.9 salin solusyonunda birinci dereceden salma modeline uyuyor.
Bu da, kuvarsetin salınımının kuvarsetin derişimine bağlı olduğunu gösterir. RPMIvi
1640 ortamında kriyojel ve jel kürelerde kuvarsetin salınımı 12 ila 48 saat arasında
sıfırıncı salma modeline uyar.
Hücre sağkalımı, MTT (3- (4,5-dimetiltiyazol-2-il) -2,5-difeniltetrazolyum bromür)
deneyi, kürelerden salınan kuvarsetin derişimi arttıkça, (B-CPAP) papiller tiroid
kanser hücrelerinin yüzde canlılığının azaldığını gösterdi. Ayrıca, DPPH (2,2-difenil-
1-pikrilhidrazil) deneyi, kürelerden kuvarsetin salınımının derişimi artıkça serbest
radikal inhibasyon yüzdesinin (%) arttırdığını gösterdi. Bununla birlikte, zamana
karşı ölüm deneyinde, bakteriler üzerindekiyi etkiyi görebilmek için, küreler
içerisindeki kuvarsetin miktarının artırılması gerektiği gözlemlendi.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Kuvarsetin, papiller tiroid kanseri hücreleri (B-CPAP), 3- (4,5-
dimetiltiyazol-2-il) -2,5-difeniltetrazolyum bromür (MTT), 2,2-difenil-1-
pikrilhidrazil (DPPH)engEastern Mediterranean University (EMU) - Doğu Akdeniz Üniversitesi (DAÜ)info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessChemistryQuercetinpapillary thyroid cancer cells (B-CPAP)3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT)2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH)Physicochemical and Quantitative Cell Viability Assays of Quercetin-Encapsulated Alginate BeadsmasterThesisEastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Dept. of ChemistryDepartment of Chemistry08 Faculty of Arts and SciencesTheses (Master's and Ph.D) – Chemistry
oai:i-rep.emu.edu.tr:11129/53272022-04-19T23:01:10Zhdl_11129_111Gazi, Mustafa (Co-Supervisor)Gülcan, Hayrettin Ozan (Supervisor)Norouzbahari, Maryam2022-04-19T09:03:29Z20182018-06Norouzbahari, Maryam. (2018). Design, Synthesis and Cholinesterase Inhibitory Potential of 6H-benzo[c] Chromen-6-one, and 7,8,9,10-tetrahydro-benzo[c] Chromen-6-one Derivatives. Thesis (Ph.D.), Eastern Mediterranean University, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Dept. of Chemistry, Famagusta: North Cyprus.http://hdl.handle.net/11129/5327Doctor of Philosophy in Chemistry. Thesis (Ph.D.)--Eastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Dept. of Chemistry, 2018. Co-Supervisor: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Mustafa Gazi, Supervisor: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Hayrettin Ozan Gülcan.Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is one of the neurodegenerative diseases of the central nervous system. Although its first diagnosis by Alois Alzheimer goes back to century, its pathophysiology has not been clearly described. Therefore, there is no drug present that totally cures the disease. The main symptom of the disease, disability in cognitive symptoms, has triggered scientists to discover agents aiding in the relief of the decline in the cognition. Today, we have several agents employed in clinic to slow down the progress of the cognitive decline. These drugs are cholinesterase inhibitor molecules and they do not completely cure the disease state, but they are beneficial in the treatment of AD symptoms. The limited number of drugs and the debate on their efficiency as well as the incidence and economic burden of AD create big opportunities to medicinal chemists to design novel drug candidates that might possess better potency and efficacy for the treatment of the AD. From this point of view; we have designed novel urolithin analogs as drug candidates for the treatment of cognitive symptoms of AD within this study. Urolithins are benzo [c] chromen analogues, available as ellagitannin metabolites. Ellagitannins are abundant in berry-fruits and various types of nuts obtained through nutrition. Although these type nutrition have been suggested to relief the symptoms of AD, their main absorbed metabolites within the biological systems, urolithins, are not potent inhibitor of cholinesterase enzymes, the validated targets of AD. Employing the drug-like properties of urolithins we have designed ten novel urolithin analogues promising to be the potent inhibitors of AD. The ten novel urolithin derivative
compounds were synthesized with appropriate methodology and their structure identification studies were achieved utilizing modern chromatography and instrumental-spectral techniques. The title compounds synthesized were evaluated in biological experiments. At one hand, their potential to inhibit cholinesterase enzymes was screened. On the other hand, the title compounds were also assayed in the cholinesterase induced amyloid beta aggregation assays. The results indicated that, the title compounds are promising and their potency is comparable to the activity of current drugs, also employed as references in biological assays. In addition to these, the possible interaction of the title compounds with the active site of the cholinesterase enzyme was also investigated employing the molecular docking programs. The results revealed out potential functional groups present within the design crucial for the determination of the pharmacophore system.
Keywords: Cholinesterase inhibitor, Amyloid beta aggregation, Urolithin derivativesÖZ:
Alzheimer hastalığı (AH) merkezi sinir sisteminin nörodejeneratif hastalıklarından biridir. Hastalığın Alois Alzheimer tarafından yapılan ilk tanısı, yüzyıl geriye gitse de, patofizyolojisi hala açık bir şekilde tanımlanmamıştır. Bu nedenle, hastalığı tamamen iyileştiren hiçbir ilaç mevcut değildir. Hastalığın ana semptomu, bilişsel belirtilerdeki eksiklilk, bilim insanlarını, bilişteki gerilemenin hafifletilmesine yardımcı olan yeni bileşikleri keşfetmeye yönlendirmiştir. Bugün, bilişsel gerilemenin ilerlemesini yavaşlatmak için klinikte birkaç ilacımız vardır. Bu ilaçlar kolinesteraz inhibitör molekülleridir ve hastalık durumunu tamamen iyileştirmezler, ancak AH semptomlarının tedavisinde yararlıdırlar. Sınırlı sayıda ilaç ve etkinlikleri ile birlikte AH'in insidansı ve ekonomik yükü konusundaki tartışma, farmasötik kimyacıları AH tedavisinde daha iyi potansiyel ve etkinliğe sahip olabilecek yeni ilaç adayları tasarlamak için büyük fırsatlar yaratmaktadır. Bu açıdan bakıldığında; bu çalışmamızda, AH'nin bilişsel belirtilerinin tedavisinde kullanılabilecek ilaç adayı yeni ürolithin analogları tasarladık Urolithinler, ellagitannin metabolitleri olarak bulunan benzo [c] chromen analoglarıdır. Ellagitanninler çilekli meyveler ve kuruyemişlerde bol miktarda bulunmaktadır. Bu tip beslenme, AH semptomlarını hafifletmek için önerilmiş olsa da, biyolojik sistemlerdeki ana emilen metabolitleri olan ürolithinler, AH'in onaylanmış hedefleri olan kolinesteraz enzimlerinin potent inhibitörü değildir. Ürolithinlerin ilaç- olabilme özelliklerini kullanarak, AH'in güçlü inhibitörleri olacağına inandığımız on yeni ürolitin analoğu tasarladık. On yeni ürolitin türevi bileşik, uygun metodoloji ile sentezlendi ve yapı tanımlama çalışmaları, modern kromatografi ve enstrümantal spektral teknikler kullanılarak gerçekleştirildi. Sentezlenen orijinal bileşikler biyolojik deneylerde değerlendirildi.
Bir taraftan, kolinesteraz enzimlerini inhibe etme potansiyeli tarandı. Öte yandan, orijinal bileşikleri aynı zamanda kolinesteraz ile indüklenen amiloid beta agregasyon deneylerinde aktiviteleri incelendi. Sonuçlar, bileşiklerin aktivitelerinin umut verici olduğunu ve potensiyellerinin, biyolojik çalışmalarda kullanılan referans ilaçların aktivitesiyle karşılaştırılabilir olduğunu gösterdi. Buna ek olarak, bileşikler ile kolinesteraz enziminin aktif bölgesi arasındaki olası etkileşim, moleküler yerleştirme programları kullanılarak araştırılmıştır. Sonuçlar, tasarım için kullanılan farmakofor sistemde gerekli olan önemli fonksiyonel grupları ortaya koymuştur.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Kolinesteraz inhibitörü, Amiloid beta agregasyonu, Urolithin türevleri.engEastern Mediterranean University (EMU) - Doğu Akdeniz Üniversitesi (DAÜ)info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessChemistryCholinesterase inhibitorAmyloid beta aggregationUrolithin derivativesDesign, Synthesis and Cholinesterase Inhibitory Potential of 6H-benzo[c] Chromen-6-one, and 7,8,9,10-tetrahydro-benzo[c] Chromen-6-one DerivativesdoctoralThesisEastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Dept. of ChemistryDepartment of Chemistry08 Faculty of Arts and SciencesTheses (Master's and Ph.D) – Chemistry
oai:i-rep.emu.edu.tr:11129/56512023-04-26T23:01:27Zhdl_11129_111Yılmaz, ElvanAlshhab, Abdallah M. H.2023-04-26T08:00:12Z20202020-01Alshhab, Abdallah M. H.. (2020). Synthesis and Characterization of Alginate/Poly (4-vinylpyridine) Hybrid System. Thesis (Ph.D.), Eastern Mediterranean University, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Dept. of Chemistry, Famagusta: North Cyprus.http://hdl.handle.net/11129/5651Doctor of Philosophy in Chemistry. Thesis (Ph.D.)--Eastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Dept. of Chemistry, 2020. Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Elvan Yılmaz.Polyelectrolyte multilayer (PEC) films of sodium alginate and poly(4-vinylpyridine)
were prepared by immersing the sodium alginate (Na-Alg) films into the
poly(4vinylpyridine) (P4VP) in 0.1 M hydrochloric acid solution. Then, the
multilayer films were formed by the alternating addition of Na-Alg and P4VP
respectively. The morphology, topography and chemical structures of the PEC films
and its precursors were investigated and characterized by SEM analysis, AFM and
FTIR spectroscopy respectively. It was observed that the number of layers and the
nature of the outer layer affect the physicochemical characteristics. The thermal
properties of the PEC films were examined by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA).
The onset of degradation for PEC-2, PEC-3, PEC-4 and PEC-5 is at 180°C, 195°C,
195°C and 200°C respectively. Na-Alg film, on the other hand, decomposes at 215°C
while P4VP film gives its first decomposition temperature at 290°C. The crystallinity
indexes were calculated by XRD analysis. Complexation reduces the crystallinity
comparing with the parent membrane, Na-Alg. Crystallinity index of Na-Alg film is
0.49 whereas the values for PEC-2, PEC-3, PEC-4 and PEC-5 are 0.25, 0.36, 0.42
and 0.39 respectively. The hydrophilicity of the PEC films was examined by using
contact angle measurement. When Na-Alg is the outer layer in the PEC,
hydrophilicity is higher. Roughness of the film surfaces was characterized by AFM
measurements. The solubility of the films was tested in different organic solvents and
in aqueous solution of acidic and basic pH values. They are insoluble in water and up
to pH=4.2 in acid buffer solution. The swelling properties of the PEC films were
studied in acidic aqueous solution of pH value 1.2 and in water. The highest
equilibrium % swelling values among the PEC films have been obtained as 215%
and 155% for PEC-5, in water and acidic buffer respectively within an hour. The
drug loading-release properties for the PEC were studied using ciprofloxacin HCl as
a model drug. The three layer film PEC-3, which is composed of Na-Alg outer layer
deposited on a P4VP/Na-Alg double layer, is characterized by the lowest roughness
(Rq=16.3 nm) and the most hydrophilic surface with a contact angle value of 38.1°
among all other films prepared. Its crystallinity index is 0.36, and starts to degrade at
195 °C. It exhibits 130-135% equilibrium swelling capacity in acid buffer and water
respectively. PEC-3 is the film with the highest drug loading capacity and drug
loading efficiency values of 3.51% and 87% respectively when the initial drug
concentration is 12.5 ppm. A cumulative drug release of 65% is obtained from PEC 3 within 24 h in water when the initial concentration of the drug solution is 12.5
ppm. Several kinetic models including zero order, first order, Higuchi and
Korsmeyer-Peppas were tested to understand the kinetics and mechanism of the drug
release from the PEC films of Na-Alg and P4VP. The best fit was obtained with
Higuchi's equation. Release mechanism was found to be Fickian according to the
Korsmeyer-Peppas equation.
Keywords: sodium alginate, poly(4-vinylpyridine), polyelectrolyte complex,
multilayer, ciprofloxacin HCl, LbLÖZ:Sodyum alginat ve poli(4-vinilpiridin) den oluşan çok katmanlı polielektrolit
kompleks filmler (PEK), sulu sodyum alginat (Na-Alg) ve 0.1 M HCl çözeltisinin
çözgen olarak kullanıldığı asitli poli(4-vinilpiridin) (P4VP) çözeltileri ile elde edildi.
Na-Alg film sırasıyla P4VP, Na-Alg çözeltilerine batırılarak çok katmanlı PEK
filmler elde edildi. Na-Alg ve PEK filmlerin morfolojisi, topografisi ve kimyasal
yapıları araştırılarak sırasıyla SEM, AFM ve FTIR spektroskopisi yöntemleri ile
bulundu. Katman sayısının ve dış katmanın kimliğinin fizikokimyasal özellikleri
etkilediği görüldü. PEK filmlerin termal özellikleri TGA yöntemi ile incelendi.
Filmlerin ilk bozunma sıcaklığı PEC-2, PEC-3, PEC-4, PEC-5 için sırasıyla 180°C,
195°C, 195°C ve 200°C olarak gözlemlendi. Öte yandan Na-Alg ve P4VP filmlerin
sırasıyla 215°C ve 290°C sıcaklıkta bozunduğu görüldü. Örneklerin kristallik
endeksleri XRD analizi ile bulundu. Polimerler arasında kompleks oluşumunun
kristallik oranını düşürdüğü gözlemlendi. Na-Alg filmin kristallik endeksi 0.49 iken
bu değer PEC-2, PEC-3, PEC-4 ve PEC-5 için 0.25, 0.36, 0.42 ve 0.39 olarak
hesaplandı. Filmlerin hidrofilik karakteri temas açısı ölçümleri ile bulundu. Dış
katmanın Na-Alg olması durumunda hidrofilik karakterin arttığı gözlemlendi. Film
yüzeyinin pürüzlülüğü AFM ölçümleri ile belirlendi. Filmlerin organik çözücülerde,
suda, asidik ve bazik pH değerindeki sulu çözeltilerde çözünürlüğü test edildi; pH 4.2 değerine kadar asitli ortamda çözünmediği görüldü. Filmlerin şişme davranışları
suda ve pH-1.2 asitli tampon çözeltide incelendi. PEC-5'in asitte ve suda %215 ve
%155 denge şişme değerleri ile en fazla şişme değerine sahip olduğu görüldü.
Filmlerin ilaç yükleme ve salım özellikleri siprofloksasin.HCl (CIP.HCl) model
bileşik kullanılarak çalışıldı. Na-Alg-P4VP-Na-Alg katmanlarında oluşan üç
katmanlı film, PEC-3 filmin en düşük pürüzlülük (Rq=16.3 nm) değerine sahip
olduğu, ayrıca 38.1° temas açısı ile en hidrofilik yüzeye sahip olduğu belirlendi. Bu
örneğin kristallik endeksi 0.36 dır ve 195°C sıcaklıkta bozunmaya başlamaktadır.
Ayrıca asitli ortamda ve suda %135-130% dengede şişme değerine sahiptir. Bu
özelliklere sahip PEC-3 filmin en yüksek CIP.HCl yükleme (3.51%) kapasitesi ve
verimliliği (87%) değerlerini verdiği bulundu. PEC-3 filmden 24 saat sonunda suda,
ilacın %65'inin salındığı hesaplandı. Salım kinetiği ve mekanizması sıfırıncı
dereceden, birinci dereceden, Higuchi ve Korsmeyer-Peppas denklemlerine göre
incelendi. Salım kinetiğinin Higuchi denklemine uyduğu salım mekanizmasının ise
Korsmeyer-Peppas denklemine göre Fickian olduğu bulundu.
Anahtar Kelimeler: sodyum alginat, poli(4-vinilpiridin), polielektrolit kompleks
film, siprofloksasin HCl, LbLengEastern Mediterranean University (EMU) - Doğu Akdeniz Üniversitesi (DAÜ)info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessChemistryPolyelectrolytesElectrolyte solutionsSodium alginatepoly(4-vinylpyridine)polyelectrolyte complexmultilayerciprofloxacin HClLbLSynthesis and Characterization of Alginate/Poly (4-vinylpyridine) Hybrid SystemdoctoralThesisEastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Dept. of ChemistryDepartment of Chemistry08 Faculty of Arts and SciencesTheses (Master's and Ph.D) – Chemistry
oai:i-rep.emu.edu.tr:11129/55342022-05-17T23:01:27Zhdl_11129_111Özkar, Saim (Co-Supervisor)İcil, Huriye (Supervisor)Mostafanejad, Seyedeh Melika2022-05-17T08:56:43Z20182018-07Mostafanejad, Seyedeh Melika. (2018). Perylenes Bearing Multiple H-Bonding Donor and Acceptor Groups for Photonic Applications. Thesis (Ph.D.), Eastern Mediterranean University, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Dept. of Chemistry, Famagusta: North Cyprus.http://hdl.handle.net/11129/5534Doctor of Philosophy in Chemistry. Institute of Graduate Studies and Research. Thesis (Ph.D.) - Eastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Dept. of Chemistry, 2018. Co-Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Saim Özkar, Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Huriye İcilConstruction of supra-molecular self-assembled building blocks due to their relevance in organic, inorganic, polymeric compounds as well as biological systems has attracted many attentions and various well-defined supra complexes with different sizes and shapes in the range of 1-100 nm dimensions have been prepared. Modification of perylene dye at imides or bay positions leads to high solubility of the product along with wide range of absorption expands to near infrared region. In the present study, Three different perylene diimide which two of them were symmetrical (N,N'-bis-[2-(5-carboxamidyl-3-cyano-4-methyl)-thienyl]-3,4,9,10-perylene bis (dicarboximide) TPDI and N,N'-bis-[3-((2-methyl-5-pyrimidinyl) methyl)-5-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-methylthiazolium] perylene-3,4:9,10-tetracarboxylic diimide TCPDI and one was highly soluble asymmetrical (N-(dehydroabietyl)-N'-[3-((2-methyl-5-pyrimidinyl) methyl)-5-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-methylthiazolium] perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic diimide TAPDI with donor-acceptor-donor (DAD systems) building block have been synthesized, in order to change the photophysical and photochemical properties of the diimides, 1,7-symmetrically substituted perylenebis (dicarboximide) dyes (N,N'-di((s)-1-phenylethyl)-1,7-di(3,5-diamino-pyrimidoxyl) perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxy diimide BPY-PPDI, N,N'-bis-[3-((2-methyl-5-pyrimidinyl) methyl)-5-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-methylthiazolium]-1,7-di-(2-[3[(4-amino-2-methylpyrimidin-5-yl) methyl]-4-methyl-1,3-thiazol-3-ium-5yl] ethoxy-perylene-3,4:9,10-tetracarboxylic diimide BTC-TCPDI and N,N'-bis-(dehydroabietyl)-1,7-di-(2-[3[(4-amino-2-methylpyrimidin-5-yl) methyl]-4-methyl-1,3-thiazol-3-ium-5-yl] ethoxyperylene-3,4:9,10-tetracarboxylic diimide TC-APDI
with electron donating groups have been synthesized in good amount of product under mild conditions, The products have been purified and optical, thermal and electrochemical properties of them were measured and characterized carefully.
Keywords: Perylene, thiophene, vitamin, bay-substitution, hydrogen bonding.ÖZ: Günümüzde organik, inorganik, polimerik bileşiklerin ve biyolojik sistemlerdeki önemi nedeniyle kendiliğinden düzenlenme özelliğine sahip supramoleküler madde sentezi çok dikkat çekmekte ve 1100 nm aralığında farklı boyut ve şekillerde çeşitli iyi tanımlanmış supra kompleks maddeler hazırlanmaktadır. Perilen boyalarının imid ve körfez pozisyonlarındaki yer değiştermesi ürünün çözünürlüğünün arttırmasıyla birlikte absorbsiyonun kızılötesi bölgesine kadar genişlemesine öncülük etmektedir. Bu çalışmada, ikisi simetrik (N,N’bis[2(5karboksiamidil3siyano4metil) tiyenil]3,4,9,10-perilenbis(dikarboksimid) TPDI ve N,N'bis[3((2metil5pirimidinil) metil) 5(2hidroksietil) 4metilthiazoliumklorür] perilen3,4:9,10-tetrakarboksilik diimid TCPDI ve biri büyük ölçüde çözünür olan asimetrik (NdehidroabiyetilN'[3((2metil5pirimidinil) metil) 5-(2hidroksietil) 4metilthiazoliumklorür] perilen3,4,9,10tetrakarboksilik diimid TAPDI üç farklı perilendiimid donörakseptördonör (DAD sistemi) yapı taşı ile sentezlenmiştir. Bu diimidlerin fotofiziksel ve fotokimyasal özelliklerini değiştirmek için, 1 ve 7 pozisyonundan simetrik olarak yer değiştirilen perilen bis(dikarboksiimid) boyaları (N,N'di((S)1feniletil)1,7di(3,5diaminopirimidoksilperilen3,4:9,10tetrakarbosilik diimid BPYPPDI, N,N'bis-[3((2metil5pirimidinil)metil)5(2-hidroksietil) 4metilthiazoliumklorür]1,7-di(2[3[(4amino2metilpirimidin5il) metil]4metil1,3tiyazol3yum5il] etoksi perilen3,4:9,10tetrakarboksilik diimid BTCTCPD ve N,N'bis(dehidroabiyetil)1,7ditiyazolyum klorür perilen3,4:9,10tetrakarboksilik diimid TCAPDI elektron verici gruplarla birlikte ılımlı koşullarda iyi miktarda ürün sentezlenmiştir. Sentezlenen ürünler saflandırılmış ve optik, termal ve elektrokimyasal özellikleri ölçülmüş ve dikkatlice tanımlanmıştır. Anahtar kelimeler: Perilen, tiyofen, vitamin, bay-substitution, hidrojen bağı.engEastern Mediterranean University (EMU) - Doğu Akdeniz Üniversitesi (DAÜ)info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessChemistry DepartmentDyes--ChemistryPerylene DyesPerylenethiophenevitaminbay-substitutionhydrogen bondingPerylenes Bearing Multiple H-Bonding Donor and Acceptor Groups for Photonic ApplicationsdoctoralThesisEastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Dept. of ChemistryDepartment of Chemistry08 Faculty of Arts and SciencesTheses (Master's and Ph.D) – Chemistry
oai:i-rep.emu.edu.tr:11129/54922022-05-10T23:01:20Zhdl_11129_111Yılmaz, ElvanUstürk, Selma2022-05-10T06:35:49Z20192019-09Ustürk, Selma. (2019). Pullulan/Poly(2-Hydroxyl Ethyl Methacrylate) Cryogels. Thesis (M.S.), Eastern Mediterranean University, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Dept. of Chemistry, Famagusta: North Cyprus.http://hdl.handle.net/11129/5492Master of Science in Chemistry. Thesis (M.S.)--Eastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Dept. of Chemistry, 2019. Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Elvan Yılmaz.Pullulan – polyHEMA cryogel systems were synthesized by using radical chain
polymerisation with the aid of chemical crosslinkers. Pullulan- ECH-graftpolyHEMA
cryogels and pullulan-ECH-graft-polyHEMA-EGDMA cryogels were
prepared from various different concentrations of starting monomer; 2-hydroxy ethyl
methacrylate (HEMA) and natural polymer; pullulan. For all the cryogel systems
epichlorohydrin (EPC) was used as crosslinker and for some of them in addition to
EPC , ethylene glycol dimethacrylate was used. For the initiation of polymerization,
the redox couples of ammonium persulfate (APS) and N,N,N’,N;-tetramethelen
diamine (TEMED) were used. Swelling characteristics of the cryogel systems were
analysed in three different conditions; acidic, neutral and basic conditions at 25 ℃.
The concentrations of monomers and crosslinkers were altered to synthesize different
cryogels with different swelling characteristic features. In addition, scanning electron
microscopy (SEM) and FT-IR spectroscopy analyses were used for structural and
morphological characteristic features determination. Based on dynamic swelling
tests, it was found that pullulan-ECH-graft-polyHEMA-EGDMA cryogels bears the
highest equilibrium swelling capacity characteristics with 97 %. These cryogels has
got the highest degree of porosity among all the other types of cryogels.
Keywords: Pullulan- ECH-graft-polyHEMA cryogels, epichlorohydrin (EPC),
ammonium persulfate (APS) and N,N,N’,N;-tetramethelen diamine (TEMED).ÖZ:
Pululan – polyHEMA kriyojel sistemleri serbest radikal zincir polimerizasyonu ve
çapraz bağlayıcı varlığında sentezlenmiştir. Monomer olarak 2-hidroxy etil
metakrilat (HEMA) ve doğal bir polimer olan pululan kullanılarak değişik
konsantrasyonlarda pullulan-ECH-graft-polyHEMA kriyojeller ve pululan-ECHgraft-
polyHEMA-EGDMA kriyojeller hazırlanmıştır. Tüm kriyojel sistemleri için
çapraz bağlayıcı olarak epiklorohidrin ve epiklorohidrinin yanında etilen glikol
dimetakrilat da (EGDMA) kullanılmıştır. Polymerizasyon başlatıcı çifti olarak
amonyum persülfat (APS) ve N,N,N’,N;-tetramethilendiamin (TEMED)
kullanılmıştır. Kriyojellerin karakterizasyonu için 25 ℃ de saf su içinde , asitli ve
bazik sulu ortamda yürütülen dinamik şişme çalışmaları gerçekleştirilmiştir.
Deneylerde monomer ve çapraz bağlayıcı miktarı değiştirilerek farklı şişme
özelliği gösteren kriyojeller sentezlenmiştir. Bunun yanı sıra, yapısal ve
morfolojik karakterizasyon için taramalı elektron mikroskobu (SEM)
görüntüleri alınmış ve FT-IR analizleri yapılmıştır. Dinamik şişme çalışmaları
sonucunda, en uygun şişme profili gösteren kriyojel sisteminin %97 denge su
içeriği ile pullulan-ECH-graft-polyHEMA-EGDMA kryojelleri olduğu görülmüştür.
SEM görüntülerinde ise en yüksek miktarda por sayısı yine aynı tür kriyojel
sistemlerinde gözlemlenmiştir.
Anahtar kelimler: pullulan-ECH-graft-polyHEMA kriyojeller, epiklorohidrin
(EPC), amonyum persülfat (APS) ve N,N,N’,N;-tetramethilendiamin (TEMED).engEastern Mediterranean University (EMU) - Doğu Akdeniz Üniversitesi (DAÜ)info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessChemistryPolymersPullulan- ECH-graft-polyHEMA cryogelsepichlorohydrin (EPC)ammonium persulfate (APS) and N,N,N’,N;-tetramethelen diamine (TEMED)Pullulan/Poly(2-Hydroxyl Ethyl Methacrylate) CryogelsmasterThesisEastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Dept. of ChemistryDepartment of Chemistry08 Faculty of Arts and SciencesTheses (Master's and Ph.D) – Chemistry
oai:i-rep.emu.edu.tr:11129/54582022-04-27T23:01:27Zhdl_11129_111İcil, HuriyePakseresht, Maryam2022-04-27T07:09:55Z20182018-07Pakseresht, Maryam. (2018). Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Bay-Substituted Perylene Dyes for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells. Thesis (Ph.D.), Eastern Mediterranean University, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Dept. of Chemistry, Famagusta: North Cyprus.http://hdl.handle.net/11129/5458Doctor of Philosophy in Chemistry. Institute of Graduate Studies and Research. Thesis (Ph.D.) - Eastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Dept. of Chemistry, 2020. Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Huriye İcilNowadays the development and fabrication of Perylene dyes with suitable absorption and improved mechanical and electrical properties are widely investigated. The purpose of the present studies were focused to synthesize the high soluble perylene diimides, easy processable and good photonic properties. Substitution of perylene diimides in bay position causes a remarkable increase in optical, electronic properties, solubility, the more red shifted absorption band, good molar absorptivity and thermal stability. In the first section nano silica, nanosilica sulfunic acid (NSSA), were synthesized, also different parameters which is thought to have influence on the size of synthesized nanosilica particles were studied. In the next section of this research, first step was Bay-substitution Bromination of Perylene dianhydide, then some sorts of bay substituted perylene-diimides consist of N,Nˊ-Di(phenoxy)-1,7-diphenoxyperylene-3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxy-diimide (BP-PPI), N,Nˊ-Di(dodecyl)-1,7-di-3-amino-9-ethylcarbazol-perylene-3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxy-diimide (BC-PDD), 1, 7-(diphenoxyperylene perylene-3, 4:9, 10-tetracarboxylic acid dicarboximide)-3,4:9,10-tetracarboxylic anhydride (BPDA-PDA), N,N׳-Didehyoebiethyl-1,7-di(N`-dehyoebiethyl,N-phenoxy) perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic acid diimide) perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic acid diimide (BPDI-PDI), N,Nˊ-bis(3-triethoxysilylpropyl)-1,7-di-phenoxyperylene-3,4:9,10-tetra-caboxdiimide (BP-PDISi) also its nano-bay substituted alkoxysilane-functionalized perylenediimide (PDI) by using 3-amino-propyl triethoxysilane (APTES) were synthesized. Finally Poly-N,Nˊ-bis(3-triethoxysilylpropyl)-1,7-di-phenoxyperylene-3,4:9,10-tetra-caboxdiimide (BP-PPDISi) and Nanosilica-N, N-bis((S)-(−)-1-
phenylethyl)-3,4,9,10-perylene (NSPDI), with fluorescence emission in the near infrared (NIR) were synthesized by sol-gel method, also the effects of different parameters on particle size has been studied. The compounds were characterized by FT-IR, Elemental analysis, CNMR, HNMR, UV-visible, Fluorescence, TGA thermogram, DSC, SEM, TEM and AFM techniques.
Keywords: perylene, bay substitution, macromolecule, nanoperylene.ÖZ:
Günümüzde, uygun absorpsiyon, geliştirilmiş elektriksel ve mekanik özelliklere sahip perilen boyalarının geliştirilmesi ve imalatı yaygın bir şekilde araştırılmaktadır. Bu araştırmanın amacı, kolay işlenebilir, iyi fotonik özelliklere ve yüksek çözünürlüğe sahip perilen diimidleri sentezlemektir. Perilen diimidlerin körfez bölgesinden sübstitüe edilmesi optik ve elektronik özelliklerde, çözünürlükte, absorpsiyon bandının kırmızıya kaymasında, molar absorpsiyon ve termal kararlılıkta dikkat çekici bir artışa neden olmaktadır. İlk olarak, nanosilika ve nanosilika sülfürik asit sentezlenerek, sentezlenen nanosilika parçacıklarının boyutu üzerinde etkisi olduğu düşünülen parametreler araştırılmıştır. Bu araştırmanın bir sonraki bölümünde, ilk adım olarak perilen dianhidrit bromlaştırılarak, körfez-sübstitüe perilen diimidler N,N’-Di(fenoksi)-1,7-difenoksiperilen-3,4,9,10-perilendikarboksidiimid (BP-PPI), N,N’-Di(dodesil)-1,7-di-3-amino-9-etilkarbazolperilen-3,4,9,10-perilendikarboksi-diimid (BC-PDD), 1,7-(difenoksiperilen perilen-3,4:9,10-tetrakarboksilik asit dikarboksimid)-3,4:9,10-tetrakarboksilik anhidrid (BPDA-PDA), N,N’-Di(dehidroabietil)-1,7-di((N’-dehidroabietil,N-fenoksi)perilen-3,4,9,10-terakarboksi-lik asit diimid) perilen-3,4,9,10-tetrakarboksilik asit diimid (BPDI-PDI), N,N’-bis(3-trietoksisililpropil)-1,7-difenoksiperilen-3,4:9,10-tetrakarboksidiimid (BP-PDISi) ve aynı zamanda 3-aminopropil trietoksisilan (APTES) kullanarak nano - körfez pozisyonunda fenoksi-sübstitüe edilmiş alkoksisilan perilendiimid sentezlenmiştir. Son olarak, poli- N,N’-bis (3-trietoksisililpropil)-1,7-difenoksiperilen-3,4:9,10-tetrakarboksidiimid (BP-PPDISi) ve yakın ifrared bölgesinde floresans emisyonu veren nanosilika-N,N’-bis ((S)-(─)-1-feniletil)-3,4:9,10-perilentetrakarboksidiimid
(NSPDI) sol-jel yöntemi ile sentezlenerek farklı parametrelerin parçacık boyutu üzerinedeki etkileri saptanmıştır. Elde edilen ürünler FTIR, elementel analiz, C-NMR, H-NMR UV-Görünür bölge absorpsiyon spektroskopisi, floresans emisyon spektroskopisi, TGA, DSC, SEM, TEM ve AFM ölçümleri ile karakterize edilmiştir.
Anahtar Kelimeler: perilen, körfez pozisyonu, makromolekül, nanoperilenengEastern Mediterranean University (EMU) - Doğu Akdeniz Üniversitesi (DAÜ)info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessChemistryDyes--ChemistryDyes and pigmentsPerylenebay substitutionmacromoleculenanoperyleneSynthesis and Characterization of Novel Bay-Substituted Perylene Dyes for Dye-Sensitized Solar CellsdoctoralThesisEastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Dept. of ChemistryDepartment of Chemistry08 Faculty of Arts and SciencesTheses (Master's and Ph.D) – Chemistry
oai:i-rep.emu.edu.tr:11129/53602022-04-21T23:01:14Zhdl_11129_111Gülcan, Hayrettin Ozan (Co-Supervisor)Gazi, Mustafa (Supervisor)Heydaripour, Jalil2022-04-21T05:32:16Z20192019-01Heydaripour, Jalil. (2019). Preparation and Characterization of a Novel Porous Magnetic Chitosan-g-RMF Bead for Phenolic Compound Adsorption. Thesis (Ph.D.), Eastern Mediterranean University, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Dept. of Chemistry, Famagusta: North Cyprus.http://hdl.handle.net/11129/5360Doctor of Philosophy in Chemistry. Thesis (Ph.D.)--Eastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Dept. of Chemistry, 2019. Co-Supervisor: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Hayrettin Ozan Gülcan and Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Mustafa Gazi.Many industries such as pharmaceuticals, dye manufacturing, fungi and pest control, petroleum refineries etc. generate a huge amount of effluents containing phenolic compounds. These Phenolic compounds have been known to exhibit toxic effects on both humans and aquatic biota. Also, consumption of potable water containing these phenolic compounds can have undesired effects on human health since they are suspected to be carcinogenic and can cause liver damage even at very low concentrations. Hence, it is essential to properly treat industrial waste containing phenols before discharge into the environment.
In this study, we proposed a simple hydrothermal method to synthesize a magnetic mesoporous resin (m-RMF) and magnetic porous resin grafted onto chitosan beads (R-g-Ch) and applied it for removal of two phenolic compounds (4- Chloro phenol and phenol) via adsorption.
The as-synthesized adsorbents; m-RMF and R-g-Ch were characterized using Fourier Transfer Infrared (FT-IR), scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric (TG) and derivative thermogravimetric (DTG) analysis. Batch adsorption studies were conducted under varying conditions of contact time, temperature, dosage, pH etc. to optimize the experimental conditions required for the optimum removal of phenol and 4-CP. Experimental data were then analyzed using pseudo-first order, pseudo-second order and intra-particle diffusion models. In addition, two commonly used adsorption equilibrium
isotherms i.e. the Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm models were utilized to analyze the equilibrium isotherms for the adsorption of both phenolic compounds.
The collected results indicate that the adsorption process fitted the Langmuir isotherm model well in both cases which implies monolayer adsorption. The maximum adsorption capacity of R-g-Ch was found to be 180.9 mg/g and 95.5 mg/g for phenol and 4-CP while that of m-RMF was 2.49 and 1.5 mmol/g respectively. Equilibrium uptake of both phenols increased with an increase in initial concentration while the adsorption was found to be highly pH dependent with maximum removal obtained in the alkaline pH. The kinetics of the adsorption process was well explained by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Thermodynamic parameters (Gibbs free energy ΔG° at 298K, -14.37 and -14.29 kJ mol-1, enthalpy ΔH°, -23.29 and -15.54 kJ mol-1, and entropy ΔS°, -29.9 and -4.2 J mol-1 K-1 for phenol and 4-chlorophenol respectively) were also calculated. The overall adsorption process was irreversible, spontaneous, exothermic and feasible within the range of 298.15–318K.
These results suggest that both the R-g-Ch porous beads and m-RMF could be used as efficient adsorbents for remediation of waste water containing phenols and 4-CP.
Keywords: Phenol, 4-Chlorophenol, Chitosan, Melamine, ResorcinolÖZ:
Farmasötikler, boya imalatı, mantarlar ve haşere kontrolü, petrol rafinerileri vs. gibi pek çok endüstri, fenolik bileşikler içeren çok miktarda atık su üretir. Bu Fenolik bileşiklerin, hem insanlar hem de suda yaşayan biyota üzerinde toksik etkiler gösterdiği bilinmektedir. Ayrıca, bu fenolik bileşikleri içeren içilebilir su tüketiminin kanserojen olduğundan şüphelenildiğinden ve çok düşük konsantrasyonlarda bile karaciğer hasarına neden olabileceğinden insan sağlığı üzerinde istenmeyen etkileri olabilir. Bu nedenle, çevreye boşalmadan önce fenol içeren endüstriyel atıkların uygun şekilde arıtılması esastır.
Bu çalışmada, kitosan taneciklerine (Rg-Ch) aşılanmış manyetik bir gözenekli reçine (m-RMF) ve manyetik gözenekli reçinenin sentezlenmesi için basit bir hidrotermal yöntem önerdik ve iki fenolik bileşiğin (4-Kloro fenol ve fenolün) adsorpsiyon yoluyla arıtılması için uygulama yapıldı.
Sentezlenmiş adsorbanlar; m-RMF ve Rg-Ch, Fourier Transfer Infrared (FT-IR), taramalı elektronik mikroskopi (SEM), titreşimli örnek manyetometre (VSM), X ışını kırınımı (XRD), termogravimetrik (TG) ve türev termogravimetrik analizi (DTG) kullanılarak karakterize edildi. Fenol ve 4-CP'nin optimum şekilde arıtılması için gereken deneysel koşulları optimize etmek için çeşitli temas süresi, sıcaklık, dozaj, pH vb. Koşullar altında adsorpsiyon çalışmaları seri olarak yapılmıştır. Deneysel veriler daha sonara pseudo birinci dereceden, pseudo ikinci dereceden ve parçacık içi difüzyon modelleri kullanılarak analiz edildi. Ek olarak, yaygın olarak kullanılan iki adsorpsiyon denge izotermi, diğer
bir deyişle Freundlich ve Langmuir izoterm modelleri, her iki fenolik bileşiğin adsorpsiyonu için denge izotermlerini analiz etmek için kullanılmıştır.
Toplanan sonuçlar, adsorpsiyon işleminin Langmuir izoterm modelini her iki durumda da tek tabakalı adsorpsiyonla uyumlu olduğunu göstermektedir. R-g-Ch'nin maksimum adsorpsiyon kapasitesi fenol ve 4-CP için 180.9 mg / g ve 95.5 mg / g iken m-RMF'nin sırasıyla 2.49 ve 1.5 mmol / g olduğu bulundu. iki fenolün denge alımı, ilk konsantrasyondaki artışla artarken, adsorpsiyonun, alkalin pH'ta elde edilen maksimum arıtmaya bağlı olarak yüksek pH'a bağlı olduğu bulundu. Adsorpsiyon işleminin kinetiği sözde (pseudo) ikinci dereceden kinetik model ile iyi açıklanmıştır. ermodinamik parametreler (Gibbs serbest enerjisi ΔG°, 298K, -14.37 ve -14.29 kJ mol-1, entalpi ΔH°, -23.29 ve -15.54 kJ mol-1 ve entropi S°, -29.9 ve -4.2 J mol Ayrıca fenol için -1 K-1 ve sırasıyla 4-klorofenol) hesaplandı. Genel adsorpsiyon işlemi, geri dönüşümsüz, kendiliğinden, ekzotermik ve 298.15-318°K aralığında uygulanabilirdi.
Bu sonuçlar, hem R-g-Ch gözenekli taneciklerinin hem de m-RMF'nin, fenoller ve 4-CP içeren atık suyun iyileştirilmesi için etkili adsorbanlar olarak kullanılabileceğini göstermektedir.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Fenol, 4-Klorofenol, Kitosan, Melamin, RezorsolengEastern Mediterranean University (EMU) - Doğu Akdeniz Üniversitesi (DAÜ)info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessChemistryPhenols--PhenylacetatesPhenol4-ChlorophenolChitosanMelamineResorcinolPreparation and Characterization of a Novel Porous Magnetic Chitosan-g-RMF Bead for Phenolic Compound AdsorptiondoctoralThesisEastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Dept. of ChemistryDepartment of Chemistry08 Faculty of Arts and SciencesTheses (Master's and Ph.D) – Chemistry
oai:i-rep.emu.edu.tr:11129/53542022-04-21T23:01:08Zhdl_11129_111Gülcan, Hayrettin Ozan (Co-Supervisor)Gazi, Mustafa (Supervisor)Pournaki, Mehrad2022-04-21T04:56:50Z20212021-02Pournaki, Mehrad. (2021). A Novel Chitosan-Based Fluorescence Chemosensor for Selective Detection of Fe (III) Ion in Acetic Aqueous Medium. Thesis (Ph.D.), Eastern Mediterranean University, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Dept. of Chemistry, Famagusta: North Cyprus.http://hdl.handle.net/11129/5354Doctor of Philosophy in Chemistry. Institute of Graduate Studies and Research. Thesis (Ph.D.) - Eastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Dept. of Chemistry, 2021. Co-Supervisor: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Hayrettin Ozan Gülcan and Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Mustafa Gazi.An ecofriendly chitosan-based urolithin fluorescence (Uro-m-Ch) optical sensor was successfully synthesized and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. According to the FTIR results, the chitosan characteristic peaks were observed around 3500−3300 cm−1, 1656 cm−1, 1587 cm−1 and 1179 cm–1 which are attributed to hydroxyl, amide I, N–H deformation and C–O–C stretching, respectively. The Uro-m-Ch featured the representative peaks of chitosan and the lactone carbonyl stretching of the urolithin. The Uro-m-Ch demonstrated fluorescence character in the presence of 1% (v/v) CH3COOH/H2O solution with a maximum excitation wavelength (λmax) within 290–330 nm and λmax emission spectrum at 430 nm with Stokes shift of 100 nm without the target metal ion. Notably, in the presence of iron (III) concentration from 0.10 to 0.080 mM; Uro-m-Ch exhibited a maximum wavelength emission at 420 nm with a decreasing trend in fluorescence intensity. During the selectivity and interference studies, Uro-m-Ch demonstrated a remarkable quenching effect only with Fe3+ ion among various mono- and multivalent metal ions. Considering the fluorescence responses of the Uro-m-Ch, its sensing mechanism towards Fe3+ ion was attributed to intramolecular energy/electron transfer between the lactone group of the urolithin and/or the hydroxyl moiety of the chitosan backbone and the iron (III) ion. Results herein confirmed that Uro-m-Ch is rapid, selective and sensitive towards Fe3+ ion detection in aqueous acetic solution.
Keywords: Chitosan, Urolithin B, Iron (III) ion, Fluorescent, Chemosensor, Selective detectionÖZ:
Çevre dostu kitosan bazlı ürolitin floresan (Uro-m-Ch) optik sensör başarıyla sentezlendi ve Fourier dönüşümü kızılötesi spektroskopisi ile karakterize edildi. FTIR sonuçlarına göre, kitosanın karakteristik zirveleri olan hidroksil, amid I, N–H deformasyonu ve C–O–C uzaması sırasıyla 3500−3300 cm−1, 1656 cm−1, 1587 cm−1 ve 1179 cm–1 dalga numaralarında gözlenmiştir. Uro-m-Ch, kitosanın temsili zirvelerine ve ürolitinin lakton karbonil gerilmesine sahipti. Uro-m-Ch, %1 (v/v) CH3COOH/H2O çözeltisinin varlığında 290-330 nm arası maksimum uyarma dalga boyu (λmax) ve hedef metal iyonu yokluğunda 100 nm Stokes kayması ile 430 nm'de λmax emisyon spektrumu olan bir floresan karakter sergilemiştir. Özellikle, 0.10 ila 0.080 mM arasında demir (III) konsantrasyonunun varlığında; Uro-m-Ch, floresan yoğunluğunda azalan bir trendle 420 nm'de maksimum dalga boyu emisyonu sergiledi. Seçicilik ve engelleme çalışmaları sırasında, Uro-m-Ch, çeşitli tek ve çok değerlikli metal iyonları arasında yalnızca Fe3+ iyonu ile dikkate değer bir söndürme etkisi göstermiştir. Uro-m-Ch'nin floresan tepkileri göz önüne alındığında, Fe3+ iyonuna yönelik algılama mekanizması, ürolitinin lakton grubu ve / veya kitosan omurgasının hidroksil kısmı ile demir (III) iyonu arasındaki molekül içi enerji / elektron transferine atfedildi. Buradaki sonuçlar, Uro-m-Ch'nin hızlı, seçici ve sulu asetik çözelti içinde Fe3+ iyonu tespitine karşı duyarlı olduğunu doğruladı.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Kitosan, Ürolitin B, Demir (III) iyonu, Floresan, Kemosensör, Seçici tespitengEastern Mediterranean University (EMU) - Doğu Akdeniz Üniversitesi (DAÜ)info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessChemistryChitosanChitosanUrolithin BIron (III) ionFluorescentChemosensorSelective detectionA Novel Chitosan-Based Fluorescence Chemosensor for Selective Detection of Fe (III) Ion in Acetic Aqueous MediumdoctoralThesisEastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Dept. of ChemistryDepartment of Chemistry08 Faculty of Arts and SciencesTheses (Master's and Ph.D) – Chemistry
oai:i-rep.emu.edu.tr:11129/55972023-04-19T23:01:15Zhdl_11129_111Gazi, Mustafa (Co-Supervisor)Gülcan, Hayrettin Ozan (Supervisor)Noshadi, Bahareh2023-04-19T05:45:10Z2020-082020Noshadi, Bahareh. (2020). The Interaction of Urolithins and its Metabolites with Cholinesterase and the Oxidative Stress Mechanisms. Thesis (Ph.D.), Eastern Mediterranean University, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Dept. of Chemistry, Famagusta: North Cyprus.http://hdl.handle.net/11129/5597Doctor of Philosophy in Chemistry. Institute of Graduate Studies and Research. Thesis (Ph.D.) - Eastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Dept. of Chemistry, 2020. Supervisor: Co-Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Mustafa Gazi, Supervisor: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Hayrettin Ozan Gülcan.The beneficial effects of ellagitannin rich diet has been known for the treatment of Alzheimer Disease. Regarding the lack of bioavailability of ellagitannins and their in gastrointestinal tract to urolithins, these biological effects are attributed to the bioavailable urolithin derivatives.
Urolithins are benzo[c]chromen-6-one derivatives, with hydroxyl substitutions. Within this study, we have synthesized the major urolithins, their methyl ether metabolites, concomitant to some synthetic analogues. The potential of compounds to inhibit cholinesterases, monoamine oxidase-B, cyclooxygenase enzymes were investigated. Besides, their antioxidant activities were also evaluated in DPPH antioxidant assay system.
The results for the first time described a structure activity relationship in some of the biological activities of urolithins. Furthermore, a mechanistic approach for the action of ellagitannin rich food for the treatment and preventation from Alzheimer Disease was also provided.
Keywords: alzheimer disease, urolithin, benzo[c]chromen-6-one, cholinesterases, cyclooxygenase enzymes, monoamine oxidase-B, DPPH antioxidant, urolithin.ÖZ: Alzheimer Hastalığı tedavisinde ellagitannin yönünden zengin besinlerin faydası uzun zamandır bilinmektedir. Ellagitanninlerin biyoyararlanımlarının olmaması ve mide-barsak kanalında ürolitinlere dönüşümü sebebiyle ellagitanninlerin biyolojik aktiviteleri ürolitinlerle ilişkilendirilmektedir.
Ürolitinler hidroksil sübstitüe benzao[c]kromen-6-on türevleridir. Bu çalışmada major ürolitinleri, metil eter metabolitleri ile bazı sentezledik analoglarını sentez ettik. Bu bileşiklerin kolinesteraz, MAO-B, siklooksijenaz enzimlerini inhibe etme potansiyellerini araştırdık. Bunun yanında, DPPH antioksidan deney sisteminde antioksidan etkilerini de inceledik.
Sonuçlar, ilk kez ürolitinlerin bazı biyolojik etkilerinin yapı-aktivite ilişkisini açıklamıştır. Ayrıca, ellagitannin yönünden zengin besinlerin alzheimer hastalığı tedavisindeki ve önlenmesindeki etkilerine yönelik mekanistik bir yaklaşım da ortaya konmuştur.
Anahtar Kelimeler: alzheimer hastalığı, ellagitannin, benzao[c]kromen-6-on, kolinesteraz, siklooksijenaz, DPPH antioksidan, MAO-B, urolithin.engDoğu Akdeniz Üniversitesiinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessAlzheimer diseaseurolithinbenzo[c]chromen-6-onecholinesterasescyclooxygenase enzymesmonoamine oxidase-BDPPH antioxidanturolithinThe Interaction of Urolithins and its Metabolites with Cholinesterase and the Oxidative Stress MechanismsdoctoralThesisEastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Dept. of Chemistry.Department of Chemistry08 Faculty of Arts and SciencesTheses (Master's and Ph.D) – Chemistry
oai:i-rep.emu.edu.tr:11129/56182023-04-19T23:01:18Zhdl_11129_111Teralı, Kerem (Co-Supervisor)Gazi, Mustafa (Supervisor)Pasandideh, Ramona2023-04-19T10:53:55Z2020-092020Pasandideh, Ramona. (2020). Fabrication of Human Genomic DNA Encapsulated Supermacroporous Alginate (SMPA) Beads . Thesis (Ph.D.), Eastern Mediterranean University, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Dept. of Chemistry, Famagusta: North Cyprushttp://hdl.handle.net/11129/5618Doctor of Philosophy in Chemistry. Institute of Graduate Studies and Research. Thesis (Ph.D.) - Eastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Dept. of Chemistry, 202. Co-Supervisor: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Kerem Teralı and Supervisor. Prof. Dr. Mustafa Gazi.In this study, human genomic DNA (hDNA) encapsulated alginate cryogel beads
(SMPA) and normal alginate beads were fabricated via freeze-thawing
cryogelation and microinjection procedures respectively. The fabricated beads
were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and fluorescent
microscope. The characterization results showed that both beads exhibited
smooth surfaces with obvious pores and burgled topologies, however, a bug-like
sprout is visibly seen on the surface of SMPA beads. Also, the encapsulated
hDNA showed brilliant green fluorescence when visualized with fluorescence
microscopy.
The encapsulation efficiency of 89.1−96.7% was achieved when the
concentration of hDNA and alginate varied within 0.05−0.075% and 0.5−0.75
wt%, respectively in the presence of 0.1 M CaCl2 crosslinking agent. ~80%
hDNA was released over an extended period of 80 h when SMPA was immersed
in a 0.5 M Na2HPO4 solution diluted with 10 mM Tris buffer (pH 7). The SMPA
cryobeads demonstrated a higher swelling capability when compared with the
normal beads. In the first 3 h, SMPA cryobeads achieved 225% swelling ratio
compared with the normal beads that attained 155%. Beyond 3 h, the normal
beads did not show significant swelling ratio while SMPA increased obviously
to 315% before reaching equilibrium at the tenth hour.
iv
Results and trends here demonstrated that the fabricated supermacroporous
alginate-based cryogel beads have great potential to be used as a biocompatible
vehicle for transporting biomacromolecules.
Keywords: controlled release systems; human genomic DNA; alginate
polymeric cryobeads; supermacroporous; gene therapy.ÖZ: Bu çalışmada, insan genomik DNA'sı (hDNA) kapsüllenmiş aljinat kriyojel
boncuklar (SMPA) ve normal aljinat boncuklar, sırasıyla dondurarak çözme
kriyojelasyon ve mikroenjeksiyon prosedürleriyle üretildi. Üretilen boncuklar,
taramalı elektron mikroskobu (SEM) ve floresan mikroskobu ile karakterize
edildi. Karakterizasyon sonuçları, her iki boncuğun da bariz gözeneklere ve
soyulmuş topolojilere sahip pürüzsüz yüzeyler sergilediğini, ancak SMPA
boncuklarının yüzeyinde gözle görülür şekilde böcek benzeri bir filizlenme
görüldüğünü gösterdi. Ayrıca kapsüllenmiş hDNA, floresan mikroskobu ile
görüntülendiğinde parlak yeşil floresan ışıma göstermiştir.
0,1 M CaCl2 çapraz bağlayıcı madde varlığında hDNA ve aljinat konsantrasyonu
ağırlıkça sırasıyla % 0,05 - 0,075 ve % 0,5 - 0,75 arasında değiştiğinde % 89,1 -
96,7'lik kapsülleme verimliliği elde edildi. SMPA, 10 mM Tris tamponu (pH 7)
ile seyreltilmiş 0.5 M Na2HPO çözeltisi içerisinde 80 saatlik uzun bir süre
boyunca bekletilmesi sonucu ortama ~% 80 oranda hDNA salınmıştır. SMPA
kriyoboncukları, normal boncuklarla karşılaştırıldığında daha yüksek bir şişme
kapasitesi sergiledi. İlk 3 saatte SMPA kriyoboncukları % 155'e ulaşan normal
boncuklara kıyasla% 225 şişme oranına ulaştı. 3 saatten sonra, normal boncuklar
önemli şişme oranı göstermezken, SMPA onuncu saatte dengeye ulaşmadan
önce % 315 şişme oranına yükseldi.
vi
Buradaki sonuçlar ve eğilimler, üretilmiş olan süper gözenekli aljinat bazlı
kriyojel boncuklarının biyomakromoleküllerin taşınması için biyo-uyumlu bir
araç olarak kullanılmak için büyük bir potansiyele sahip olduğunu göstermiştir.
Anahatar kelimeler: kontrollü salım sistemleri; insan genomik DNA'sı; aljinat
polimerik kriyoboncuklar; süper gözenekli; gen tedavisi.engEastern Mediterranean University - Doğu Akdeniz Üniversitesiinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessControlled release systemshuman genomic DNAalginate polymeric cryobeadssupermacroporousgene therapyFabrication of Human Genomic DNA Encapsulated Supermacroporous Alginate (SMPA) BeadsdoctoralThesisEastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Dept. of Chemistry.Department of Chemistry08 Faculty of Arts and SciencesTheses (Master's and Ph.D) – Chemistry
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