Since the earthquakes in Northridge and Kobe in 1994 and 1995, respectively, many investigations have been carried out towards improving the strength and ductility of steel beam to column pre- and post-Northridge connections. ...

After the Northridge earthquake, it became clear that welded flange-bolted web connections for deep beams do not have adequate ductility when subject to seismic loading. Previous experimental tests on two such connections ...