Abstract:
The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH, 1997) in the USA defines
Musculoskeletal Disorder (MSD) as a disorder that affects a part of the body’s
musculoskeletal system, which includes bones, nerves, tendons, ligaments, joints, cartilage,
blood vessels and spinal discs. These are the injuries that result from repeated motions,
vibrations and forces placed on human bodies while performing various job actions. The
individual factors that can contribute to musculoskeletal symptoms include heredity,
physical condition, previous injury, pregnancy, poor diet, and lifestyle.
Work-related musculoskeletal disorders occur when there is a mismatch between the physical
requirements of the job and the physical capacity of the human body (Korhan, 2010).
Musculoskeletal disorders are work-related when the work activities and work conditions
significantly contribute to their occurrence, but not necessarily the sole or significant
determinant of causation. Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMSDs) describe a wide
range of inflammatory and degenerative conditions affecting the muscles, tendons, ligaments,
joint, peripheral nerves, and supporting blood vessels. These conditions result in pain and
functional impairment and may affect especially the shoulder (Westgaard, 2000).
