Earthquake are a natural phenomenon caused by the shifting of tectonic plate in the crest layer of the earth. Based on its magnitude it can cause a catastrophic effect on structures which expose people to losses in lives ...

To a certain extent, the performance of seismic analysis and design requirements for a building is considered as a substantial subject amongst Civil Engineers. In general, the lateral force resisting system is the ...

Brick walls are often used as an infill element serving as partitions or as cladding in structure frames. In structural frame design method, infill walls are usually considered to be inert “nonstructural” elements and known ...