Quantum confinement of scalar bosons in the Bonnor-Melvin spacetime: Uniform magnetic field and rainbow gravity effects

Abstract

In this paper, we present an exact analytical study of Klein-Gordon (KG) scalar bosons and antibosons confined in the Bonnor-Melvin (BM) spacetime under a uniform magnetic field, incorporating rainbow gravity (RG) corrections with a positive cosmological constant. The cosmological constant partitions spacetime into an infinite sequence of confinement domains bounded by impenetrable barriers. Within the first allowed domain, the KG equation reduces to a hypergeometric differential equation, yielding closed-form expressions for both the energy spectra and the radial wave functions in terms of hypergeometric polynomials. Two representative RG models, inspired by the Magueijo-Smolin framework and loop quantum gravity (LQG), produce Planck-scale bounded, symmetric particle-antiparticle spectra. A distinctive feature of the curved magnetized geometry is the collapse of all magnetic quantum states m not equal 0 onto the m = 0 level for each radial excitation, a degeneracy absent in flat spacetime. Increasing the cosmological constant partially lifts this collapse, establishing a direct link between the global spacetime curvature and the local quantum structure. Radial probability density analysis further shows that stronger magnetic fields enhance spatial localization, confining bosons into static or rotating ring-like configurations with nodal architectures that evolve systematically with quantum numbers. These findings reveal how gravitational confinement, topology, magnetic fields, and Planck-scale corrections jointly govern the spectral and spatial properties of relativistic quantum fields in curved and magnetized backgrounds.