Profile of authors publishing in 'predatory' journals and causal factors behind their decision: A systematic review

Abstract

Intensified pressure to publish is a hallmark of a rapidly evolving higher education field where the faculty of any hue cannot avoid the 'publish or perish' treadmill. Growing need to publish more and to do so fast have resulted in the proliferation of pseudo scholarly publications many regards as 'predatory'. This article provides a systematic review of research studies on so-called 'predatory' publishing, a new but fast-growing area of research, with a particular focus on the awareness of prospective authors about so-called 'predatory' publishing, the profile of authors publishing in 'predatory' journals and the causal factors encouraging authors to publish in such outlets. It synthetizes the results of research studies on the topic to identify gaps and trends in the existing knowledgebase to guide further research. Results indicate so-called 'predatory' articles are authored by scholars from all fields and levels of academic experience rather than by inexperienced scholars only and 'predatory' contributions are not limited to developing countries, suggesting geographical location and author experience fail to explain the author profile of 'predatory' articles. Findings of this review suggest causal factors include research evaluation policies and publication pressure that emerge from the research environment in which scholars operate authors' limited capacity to publish in 'legitimate' journals and conventions of so-called 'predatory' publishers. This indicates meaningful action might address all these factors in combination, rather than focus on them in isolation.