Quantum-corrected thermodynamics and plasma lensing of MOG black holes

Abstract

We investigate observable properties of asymptotic black holes in Modified Gravity (MOG) theory, focusing on their thermodynamic characteristics and gravitational lensing effects. Using the tunneling method, we derive the Hawking temperature for MOG black holes and analyse how the MOG parameter beta modifies thermal behaviour compared to standard general relativity (GR). We find that larger values of beta lead to higher temperatures for small black holes, indicating enhanced evaporation rates at small horizon radii. Quantum corrections are incorporated using the Generalized Uncertainty Principle framework, revealing additional modifications that become significant as black holes approach the Planck scale. Applying the Gauss-Bonnet theorem, we calculate light deflection angles in both vacuum and plasma environments, demonstrating that MOG enhances gravitational lensing compared to GR, with the enhancement controlled by beta and becoming most pronounced at small impact parameters. The inclusion of plasma effects introduces frequency-dependent modifications to the deflection angle, providing additional observational signatures that could help distinguish MOG from other gravitational theories. Our results suggest that precision measurements of black hole thermodynamics and multi-wavelength observations of gravitational lensing systems could provide valuable constraints on MOG, particularly in strong-field regimes where deviations from GR are expected to be most significant.