Tunnelling of Massive/Massless Bosons from the Apparent Horizon of FRW Universe

Abstract

We investigate the Hawking radiation of vector particles from the apparent horizon of a Friedmann-Robertson-Walker (FRW) universe in the framework of quantum tunnelling method. Furthermore we use Proca equation, a relativistic wave equation for a massive/massless spin-1 particle (massless gamma photons, weak massive W-+/- and Z (0) bosons, strong massless gluons, and.. and.. mesons) together with a Painlev'e space-time metric for the FRWuniverse. We solve the Proca equation via Hamilton-Jacobi (HJ) equation and the WKB approximation method. We recover the same result for the Hawking temperature associated with vector particles as in the case of scalar and Dirac particles tunnelled fromoutside to the inside of the apparent horizon in a FRWuniverse.