Military Expenditure and Economic Growth: The Case of Turkey

Abstract

This study applies Johansen co-integration and Granger causality tests to examine the long-run equilibrium relationship and the causality between military expenditure (ME) and economic growth (GDP) for the case of Turkey which has been a rapidly developing economy for the last decade. Annual data covering 1988-2013 periods is used to conduct empirical investigation. The findings of the study indicate that in the long-run, military spending and economic growth are co-integrated. The results of Granger causality test suggests that there is a uni-directional relationship running from economic growth to military spending, however any causality from military spending to economic growth isn't observed in the present study. (C) 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.