Grid stability and power quality in VRE-integrated networks: Role of active power filters

Abstract

The integration of variable renewable energy (VRE) sources into smart grid networks has introduced significant challenges related to grid stability (GS) and power quality (PQ). The increasing reliance on power electronics converters for VRE integration has led to harmonic distortions, voltage fluctuations, and frequency instabilities. Active power filters (APFs) play a critical role in mitigating these issues by compensating for harmonics, reactive power, and voltage imbalances, thereby improving overall PQ and GS. This chapter explores the impact of VRE integration on GS and PQ, the role of flexible alternating current (AC) transmission systems and custom power devices such as static synchronous compensator (TATCOM), dynamic voltage restorer, and unified power quality conditioner, and recent advancements in APF technology. The study highlights future trends in APF deployment, including their integration with the Internet of Things, AI-driven (artificial intelligence) control strategies, and hybrid filtering technologies for enhanced PQ management in smart grid networks. © 2026 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.