Effects of Cognitive Orientation to Daily Occupational Performance and Conductive Education Treatment Approaches on Fine Motor Skills, Activity and Participation Limitations in Children with Down Syndrome: A Randomised Controlled Trial

Abstract

This study aiming to compare the effectiveness of Cognitive Orientation to Daily Occupational Performance (CO-OP) and Conductive Education (CE) approaches on motor skills, activity limitation and participation restrictions in children with Down Syndrome (DS). Twelwe children were randomly assigned into two groups. Twelve-week CO-OP or CE intervention (period-1) followed by a 12-week washout period. Same interventions were crossed over for another 12 weeks (period-2). The Performance Quality Rating Scale (PQRS), Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM) and the Bruininks Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency Second Edition-Brief Form (BOT2-BF) were used for outcome measurements. CO-OP was effective in the improvement of task-specific activity performance, while both approaches have similar effects on the improvement of perceived performance, satisfaction, and motor skills performance.