Classifications and chemistry of carbon nanomaterials

Abstract

This chapter focuses on the classification and chemistry of carbon nanomaterials, which have gained significant attention due to their unique properties and diverse applications. The chapter begins by defining carbon nanomaterials and providing an overview of their importance. It then delves into their classification based on structure and dimensionality, including fullerenes, carbon nanotubes, and graphene. The chemistry of carbon nanomaterials is explored, covering surface chemistry, electronic properties, optical properties, and chemical reactivity. Characterization techniques used to analyze these materials are discussed, followed by a comprehensive overview of their applications in various fields such as electronics, energy storage, biomedicine, and composites. The chapter concludes by summarizing key points and highlighting future perspectives and challenges in the field of carbon nanomaterials. © IOP Publishing Ltd 2025. All rights reserved.