Gravitational lensing, wave propagation, and GUP-modified Hawking radiation in charged Bopp-Podolsky BTZ black holes with disclinations

Abstract

blackWe investigate the gravitational and electromagnetic dynamics of charged BTZ-like black holes featuring disclination defects within the framework of Bopp-Podolsky electrodynamics [R. V. Maluf, J. E. G. Silva, C. A. S. Almeida and G. J. Olmo, Eur. Phys. J. C 85(5) (2025) 594]. Our analysis encompasses photon geodesics, scalar field propagation, and quantum gravitational corrections to thermal radiation. We derive the effective potential governing null geodesic motion and analyze how the black hole mass M, electric charge Q, cosmological constant Lambda, BP coupling parameter b(2), and disclination parameter beta influence photon trajectories and circular orbits. The critical impact parameter and photon sphere radius are computed, revealing distinctive signatures in gravitational lensing and shadow formation. For scalar perturbations, we solve the Klein-Gordon equation using coordinate transformations to obtain a Schrodinger-like wave equation with an effective potential encoding both electromagnetic corrections and topological defect contributions. Applying the Generalized Uncertainty Principle, we derive quantum-corrected Hawking temperatures that exhibit systematic suppression compared to classical predictions, suggesting potential black hole remnant formation. The GUP corrections scale quadratically with particle energy, providing natural ultraviolet regularization. Additionally, we compute Keplerian frequencies for circular orbits, demonstrating how nonlinear electrodynamics and cosmic string-like defects create observable modifications to orbital dynamics. Our results establish charged BTZ-like geometries as valuable laboratories for testing modified gravity theories, nonlinear electromagnetic effects, and quantum gravitational phenomena in lower-dimensional spacetimes, with potential implications for precision timing observations and gravitational wave astronomy.